[Change of the trace elements content from cigarettes (tobacco) to its ash and to look at harm of stuck cigarette].

After the digestion of cigarettes and its ash are digested with concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid, the change in mineral elements (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb and Cd) content in the cigarette and its ash were determined by flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometry. The experimental results showed that there were differences between the cigarette (tobacco) and its ash, especially, the contents of Pb and Cd harmful to human health in the ash are lowed 26.4% and 44.2%, respectively. It is concluded that a part of Pb and Cd in the cigarette passes through the human lung respiration and air environment.

[Determination of inorganic elements in different parts of Sonchus oleraceus L by flame atomic absorption spectrometry].

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry with air-acetylene flame was used for the determination of inorganic metal elements in different parts ( flower, leaf, stem and root) of Sonchus oleraceus L. The contents of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and Cd in the flower, leaf, stem and root of Sonchus oleraceus L were compared. The order from high to low of the additive weight (microg x g(-1)) for the 13 kinds of metal elements is as follows: leaf (77 213.72) > flower (47 927.15) > stem(42 280.99) > root (28 131.18). From the experimental results it was found that there were considerable differences in the contents of the metal elements in different parts, and there were richer contents of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in root and flower, which are necessary to human health, than in other parts.

Heteroleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) europium(III) complexes fused with different numbers of 15-crown-5 moieties. Synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and supramolecular structure.

A series of heteroleptic bis(phthalocyaninato) europium(III) complexes, namely, Eu(Pc)[Pc(15C5)] (2), Eu(Pc)[Pc(opp-15C5)2] (3), Eu(Pc)[Pc(adj-15C5)2] (4), Eu(Pc)[Pc(15C5)3] (5), and Eu(Pc)[Pc(15C5)4] (6) [Pc = unsubstituted phthalocyaninate; Pc(15C5) = 2,3-(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninate; Pc(opp-15C5)2 = 2,3,16,17-bis(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninate; Pc(adj-15C5)2 = 2,3,9,10-bis(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninate; Pc(15C5)3 = 2,3,9,10,16,17-tris(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninate, Pc(15C5)4 = 2,3,9,10,16,17,24,25-tetrakis(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninate], with one, two, three, and four 15-crown-5 voids attached at different positions of one of the two phthalocyaninato ligands in the double-decker molecules, have been devised and prepared by Eu(Pc)(acac)-induced (Hacac = acetylacetone) mixed cyclization of the two corresponding phthalonitriles in the presence of organic base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in n-pentanol. For the purpose of comparative studies, homoleptic counterparts Eu(Pc)2 (1) and Eu[Pc(15C5)4]2 (7) have also been prepared. These sandwich double-decker complexes have been characterized by a wide range of spectroscopic methods in addition to elemental analysis. Their electrochemistry has also been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The molecular structure of Eu(Pc)[Pc(15C5)4] (6) has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Their supramolecular structure-formation properties, in particular for compounds 5 and 6 in the presence of potassium ions, have also been comparatively studied for the purpose of future functional investigation.

Heteroleptic rare earth double-decker complexes with naphthalocyaninato and phthalocyaninato ligands. General synthesis, spectroscopic, and electrochemical characteristics.

A novel one-pot procedure starting from the corresponding M(acac)3 x nH2O, metal-free phthalocyanine H2Pc', and naphthalonitrile in the presence of DBU in n-octanol has been developed to prepare heteroleptic (naphthalocyaninato)(phthalocyaninato) rare earth double-decker complexes. A series of six sandwich compounds with different naphthalocyaninato ligands, phthalocyaninato ligands, and central rare earth metals, namely, Sm[Nc(tBu)4](Pc) [Nc(tBu)4 = 3(4),12(13),21(22),30(31)-tetra(tert-butyl)naphthalocyaninato; Pc = unsubstituted phthalocyaninato] (1), Sm(Nc)(Pc') [Pc' = Pc(OC5H11)4, Pc(OC8H17)8; Nc = 2,3-naphthalocyaninato; Pc(OC5H11)4 = 2(3),9(10),16(17),24(25)-tetrakis(3-pentyloxy)phthalocyaninato; Pc(OC8H17)8 = 2,3,9,10,16,17,24,25-octakis(octyloxy)phthalocyaninato] (2, 3), and M(Nc)[Pc(alpha-OC5H11)4] [M = Sm, Eu, Y; Pc(alpha-OC5H11)4 = 1,8,15,22-tetrakis(3-pentyloxy)phthalocyaninato] (4-6), have been isolated in good yields from this one-pot procedure demonstrating the generality of this synthetic pathway. In addition to spectroscopic analyses, the electrochemistry of these novel compounds has also been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods.

The first slipped pseudo-quadruple-decker complex of phthalocyanines.

The first slipped pseudo-quadruple-decker complex of phthalocyanines was formed unexpectedly upon treatment of the protonated double-decker SmIIIH(Pc)[Pc(alpha-OC4H9)8] with NaOH. The supramolecular structure contains two double-decker units linked by two sodium ions by an extremely rare coordination mode of phthalocyanines in which an aza nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms from neighboring alkoxy substituents form a tridentate ligand.