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1.
Physiol Res ; 71(Suppl 1): S21-S33, 2022 Dec 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36592438

RESUMO

Microorganisms and eukaryotic human cells coexist in synergistic relationships in nearly every niche of the human body. The female genital tract consisting of the vagina, uterus with its cervix and endometrium, uterine tubes and ovaries - harbors its own typical microbiota, which accounts for 9 % of the total bacterial population in females. To this organ system, we also assigned the microbiome of the placenta, which has not been studied much until now. Among the spectrum of microbial species, the female genital tract is mainly dominated by Lactobacillus species, which are considered to be one of the simplest yet most important microbial communities. However, this relationship between macro- and micro-organisms seems to have a number of physiological functions, e.g., the vaginal and cervical microbiota have unique impact on reproductive health. The aim of this review was to provide current view on female genital tract microbiota and its role in reproductive health. We describe in detail the association of vaginal or tubal epithelium with microbiota or the role of microbiota in normal placental function.


Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas , Microbiota , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Tubas Uterinas/microbiologia , Placenta , Vagina/microbiologia , Genitália Feminina , Microbiota/fisiologia
2.
Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol ; 63(2): 134-9, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Tcheco | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25025680

RESUMO

Cytolethal distending toxins (CDT) are intracellularly acting proteins which interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle. They are produced by Gram-negative bacteria with affinity to mucocutaneous surfaces and could play a role in the pathogenesis of various mammalian diseases. The functional toxin is composed of three proteins: CdtB entering the nucleus and by its nuclease activity inducing nuclear fragmentation and chromatin disintegration, CdtA, and CdtC, the two latter being responsible for toxin attachment to the surface of the target cell. Cytotoxic effect of CDT leads to the cell cycle arrest before the cell enters mitosis and to further changes (cell distension and death, apoptosis) depending on the cell type. Thus, CDT may function as a virulence factor in pathogenic bacteria that produce it and thus may contribute to the initiation of certain diseases. Most important are inflammatory bowel diseases caused by intestinal bacteria, periodontitis with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as the aetiologic agent and ulcus molle where Haemophilus ducreyi is the causative agent.


Assuntos
Toxinas Bacterianas/toxicidade , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/etiologia , Periodontite/etiologia , Fatores de Virulência
3.
Folia Microbiol (Praha) ; 56(5): 367-72, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21877213

RESUMO

Escherichia coli gene fimA was the most frequent gene that occurred in the intestine of all investigated groups. All subjects with fimA gene had significantly higher values of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and CRP than those with other E. coli genes. There was also a tendency to increased serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels in patients carrying the fimA gene; however, no relation was observed to serum IL-8 and IL-10. Patients with Crohn's disease had significantly higher IL-6 than those with ulcerative colitis (UC) and controls. The highest levels of TNF-α were detected in the UC group. There were no significant differences in serum IL-8 and IL-10 between all three groups. The presence of E. coli gene fimA in the large bowel of patients with IBD is related to the immunological activity of the disease which may be important from the aspect of therapeutical strategy.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Doença de Crohn/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Fímbrias/genética , Inflamação/microbiologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/imunologia , Doença de Crohn/patologia , República Tcheca , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/complicações , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/patologia , Feminino , Proteínas de Fímbrias/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/patologia , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Interleucina-8/biossíntese , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese
4.
Folia Microbiol (Praha) ; 54(1): 81-6, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19330549

RESUMO

We determined the incidence of enterovirulent E. coli (EVEC; which can to cause gastrointestinal infections) in strains isolated from patients with both of the major inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and from patients with noninflammatory bowel diseases (nonIBD). Cell detachment E. coli (CDEC) were detected in 14 % of all strains. A significant difference in the presence of CDEC was found between the groups of strains isolated from UC (24.1 %), nonIBD (11.9 %) and CD (4.7 %). Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) were detected in 2.5 %, typical enteropathogenic strains (EPEC) in 1.3 % and enterotoxigenic ones (ETEC) in 1.5 %. Enteroinvasive (EIEC) and shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC) were not detected. Some strains showed a high invasion level in gentamicin-protection assay. These strains could therefore belong to adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) because they are free of genes encoding invasins (ipaH, ial) and are equipped with fimA gene. However, complete characterization of these strains and their classification as AIEC will require further tests.


Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Gastroenteropatias/microbiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Linhagem Celular , Escherichia coli/classificação , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Humanos , Virulência
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