RESUMO
Fawning rates and mating behaviour were compared between white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) treated with GnRH and porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines from 1997 to 2000. Female deer from a herd of 102 deer at Seneca Army Depot, near Romulus, New York, were treated with prime and booster injections of PZP (n = 22) or GnRH vaccine (n = 32), or remained untreated as controls (n = 34). During the summers after booster treatment, observed fawning rates for adult female deer were similar for both PZP-treated (0.10-0.11 fawns per female) and GnRH-treated (0.13-0.22 fawns per female) female deer, and were significantly lower (t = -8.93 and t = -9.73; P < or = 0.0005, respectively) than those observed for control female deer (1.22-1.38 fawns per female). During the second (0.36 fawns per female) and third summers (0.61 fawns per female) after the last booster injection, GnRH-treated female deer still produced significantly fewer fawns than did the controls (1.38 and 1.31 fawns per female, respectively). In one breeding season after treatment, five of 18 (28%) females vaccinated with PZP produced fawns, similar to the rate for GnRH-treated females (29%). In addition, females treated with GnRH had fewer oestrous cycles per female (0.06, P < or = 0.05) than did either control (0.22 cycles per female) or PZP-treated deer (0.36 cycles per female). Initial PZP treatment followed by a booster dose 5-7 months later reduced fawn production and prolonged the breeding season as females repeatedly returned to oestrus, similar to results reported in other studies.
Assuntos
Anticoncepção Imunológica/veterinária , Cervos , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/administração & dosagem , Receptores de Superfície Celular , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antígenos/administração & dosagem , Antígenos/imunologia , Anticoncepção Imunológica/economia , Anticoncepção Imunológica/métodos , Custos e Análise de Custo , Proteínas do Ovo/administração & dosagem , Proteínas do Ovo/imunologia , Feminino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/administração & dosagem , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologia , New York , Controle da População , Gravidez , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Suínos , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/imunologia , Glicoproteínas da Zona PelúcidaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess whether nebulized budesonide may substitute for oral prednisolone in the management of children whose asthma is severe enough to warrant hospital admission, but who have no life threatening features. In a prospective, double-blind, randomized study nebulized budesonide (2 mg 8 hourly) was compared with oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg at entry and again at 24 h) in 46 children admitted to hospital with severe asthma exacerbations. Efficacy variables (including lung function measurements such as the primary outcome variable, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and symptoms) were measured 24 h after treatment initiation. FEV1 improved significantly compared to baseline in patients who received nebulized budesonide compared to the prednislone group. The data show nebulized budesonide to be at least as effective as oral steroid in improving lung function and symptom severity in severe exacerbations of childhood asthma.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Budesonida/uso terapêutico , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Administração por Inalação , Administração Oral , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Budesonida/administração & dosagem , Criança , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Prednisolona/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Asphyxial seizures occurred in 89 of 101,829 infants born alive at term (0.87/1000) in three large maternity hospitals from January 1980 to December 1984. These seizures were significantly associated with antenatal complications, primiparity, and prolonged pregnancy. Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid was also associated with asphyxial seizures, but there were high false positive (11%) and false negative (50%) rates. Fifteen of the infants who had seizures died (18%) and 21 (25%) were handicapped at 1 year. Outcome was most successfully predicted by the way the infant was feeding at 1-2 weeks. All infants taking more than half their estimated requirements by mouth at 1 week were normal, and those still being fed by tube at 2 weeks were handicapped.