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1.
Clin Nephrol ; 93(1): 31-35, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31448721

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Little information is available regarding the evaluation of renal volume in healthy Latin-American children of different ages. The objective of this work was to establish a predictive model of renal size (volume and length) and develop a web-based calculator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A selective and representative sample was obtained randomly from the database of healthy children living in Resistencia city, Chaco, Argentina: a) the National Health Program for children under 6 years old; b) school children until 18 years old (primary and middle education). Renal dimensions were obtained by ultrasonography via a single experienced operator at the indicated site (schools or primary health care centers). Renal volume was calculated using Dinkel's formula. A multiple linear regression model was applied using potential predictors. The final model was implemented in a free web-based application. RESULTS: Random selection was made from the database to include 882 subjects with ages between 0.03 and 230.63 months. The data was divided into two sets (one for training and the other for model testing). The training set (423) included 212 (50%) females. Significant predictors included age, height, current weight and birth weight, and the interaction between age and present weight. Using the test dataset, both renal volume and length root mean square errors were 5.06 cm3 and 0.59 cm. CONCLUSION: The prediction model was accurate and allowed for the development a freely-available web app: Renal size prediction (https://porbm28.shinyapps.io/RenalVolume/). Once the models are validated by additional studies, the app could be a useful tool to predict renal volume and length in pediatric clinical practice.


Assuntos
Rim/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Ultrassonografia
2.
Kidney Int Suppl (2011) ; 3(2): 153-156, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25018980

RESUMO

In 2008, 563,294,000 people were living in Latin America (LA), of which 6.6% were older than 65. The region is going through a fast demographic and epidemiologic transition process, in the context of an improvement in socio-economic indices. The Latin American Dialysis and Renal Transplant Registry has collected data since 1991, through an annual survey completed by 20 affiliated National Societies. Renal replacement treatment (RRT) prevalence and incidence showed an increase year by year. The prevalence rate (in all modalities) correlated with the World Bank country classification by income and the epidemiologic transition stage the countries were experiencing. RRT prevalence and kidney transplantation rates correlated significantly with gross national income (GNI), health expenditure in constant dollars (HeExp), % older than 65, life expectancy at birth, and % of the population living in urban settings. Kidney transplantation increased also, year by year, with more than 50% of transplants performed using kidneys from deceased donors. Double transplants were performed in six countries. RRT prevalence and incidence increased in LA, and are associated with indexes reflecting higher and more evenly distributed national wealth (GNI and HeExp), and the stage of demographic and epidemiological transition.

3.
Kidney Int ; 68(5): 2019-28, 2005 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16221202

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice develop progressive glomerulosclerosis and exhibit abnormalities in hepatic lipid metabolism. We have previously shown that growth hormone up-regulates the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) in mouse mesangial cells. However, a role of lipid abnormalities in bGH kidney disease has not yet been demonstrated. METHODS: Groups of bGH mice (5 and 11 months old) presenting with, respectively, moderate and severe degrees of glomerulosclerosis were compared to age-matched controls. Neutral lipid content in kidney cortex was determined by oil red-O staining, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides by enzymatic assays, relative mRNA expression of LDL receptors, HMGR, and scavenger receptor by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and HMGR protein expression by immunoblotting. Two younger (5 and 12 weeks old) groups of mice were used to study scavenger receptor expression at earlier time points. RESULTS: Serum cholesterol was significantly increased in bGH mice at 5 months, but triglycerides were lower than control levels at both 5 and 11 months. Renal cortex HMGR expression was elevated at the mRNA but not at the protein level in the 11-month-old bGH group compared to controls. However, glomerular neutral lipid staining and scavenger receptor mRNA expression were markedly increased in all bGH mice, including those at 5 weeks of age compared to respective controls. CONCLUSION: The bGH mouse exhibits an increased mesangial lipid content and elevated scavenger receptor mRNA expression as early as at 5 weeks of age, suggesting that an increased kidney uptake of oxidized LDL could play a role in the development of glomerulosclerosis in this mouse model.


Assuntos
Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/genética , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/metabolismo , Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Glomérulos Renais/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Animais , Bovinos , Genótipo , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Receptores de LDL/genética , Receptores de LDL/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores/genética , Receptores Depuradores/metabolismo
4.
Perit Dial Int ; 25(5): 478-82, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16178482

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The potential risk for transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been studied previously, with conflicting results. METHODS: To assess whether HCV crosses the peritoneal membrane, the following determinations were performed in 16 patients (7 males, 9 females; mean age 41.8 years; mean time on PD 14 +/- 15 months) undergoing PD: serum anti-HCV using second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum and PD fluid HCV RNA by nested polymerase chain reaction, HCV genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism, and serum HCV load by branched DNA assay. RESULTS: Anti-HCV was positive in 10 patients. Serum HCV RNA was positive in 7 anti-HCV-positive patients and negative in all anti-HCV-negative patients. Fluid HCV RNA was detected in 5 (71.4%) patients testing positive for serum HCV RNA and in none testing negative for serum HCV RNA. Serum HCV genotype was 1a in 3 patients and 1b in 4; PD fluid HCV genotype was 1a in 1 patient and 1b in 4. Genotypes in serum and fluid were concordant when both were positive. Serum viral load ranged from nondetectable by the quantitative method to 5.1 MEq genome/mL in patients with fluid infection, and 1.05 MEq and 29 MEq genome/mL in the remaining 2 patients without detectable HCV in PD fLuid. CONCLUSIONS: HCV crosses the peritoneal membrane and may be detected in the dialysate of PD patients with proven viremia. Although our study population was small for firm conclusions to be drawn, this passage does not seem to depend upon the serum viral load. Our data support the notion that PD fluid needs careful handling and local disinfection to prevent possible spreading of viruses, in the institutional and the domestic environments.


Assuntos
Líquido Ascítico/virologia , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Diálise Peritoneal , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Viremia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/transmissão , Humanos , Nefropatias/complicações , Nefropatias/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Viral , Viremia/complicações , Viremia/transmissão
5.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 127(7): 834-9, 2003 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12823037

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) share many clinical features and have been difficult to separate into distinct entities. Histologic examination of organs from autopsied patients suggested that TTP and HUS have dissimilar lesions of different severity and distribution. OBJECTIVE: To perform a retrospective observational review of autopsied patients with TTP or HUS to compare the nature and severity of the lesions found. DESIGN: To examine the pathologic features of these conditions, we reviewed all cases among 51 350 indexed autopsies at The Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Md) diagnosed with TTP or HUS, and included those showing multiple arteriolar thrombi or their sequela. RESULTS: The 56 cases that met the inclusion criteria fell into 2 distinct groups, based on distribution and severity of arteriolar lesions. In 25 patients classified as having TTP, platelet-rich thrombi were present-in decreasing severity-in heart, pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland, and brain. In 31 patients with HUS, fibrin/red cell-rich thrombi were present, largely confined to the kidney and often severe, and only 6 cases showed pancreas involvement, 4 adrenal gland involvement, 2 brain involvement, and 1 heart involvement. CONCLUSION: Despite similar clinical features and therapeutic approaches, TTP and HUS each have a characteristic constellation of histopathologic findings. This observation suggests that TTP and HUS are 2 distinct disease entities with different pathophysiologies, and that they do not represent a spectrum of the same disease process.


Assuntos
Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/patologia , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Am J Kidney Dis ; 40(5): 1075-85, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12407654

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Rhesus monkeys have a high prevalence of obesity and spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus after the age of 10 years. These monkeys go through a defined, sequential set of metabolic phases, including fasting hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and fasting hyperglycemia. Using these monkeys, we addressed the hypothesis that renal structural features characteristic of diabetic nephropathy might precede the appearance of overt diabetes. METHODS: We carried out a quantitative analysis of renal tissue, using light microscopy and electron microscopy, from 6 metabolically normal young monkeys, 7 metabolically normal aged monkeys, 7 hyperinsulinemic monkeys, and 18 diabetic monkeys. RESULTS: Glomerular volume was increased significantly in hyperinsulinemic monkeys and diabetic monkeys compared with aged normal monkeys. In the normal monkey, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width rises with age but reaches a plateau at about 20 years of age; the presence of diabetes was associated with markedly increased GBM width. Glomerular tuft volume and GBM width were correlated most closely with age and with glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION: Diabetic monkey kidneys are characterized by glomerular enlargement, glomerulosclerosis, and thickening of the GBM. Glomerular hypertrophy begins in the prediabetic hyperinsulinemic phase. This finding suggests that early intervention may be required in human patients to preserve normal glomerular structure.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Hipertrofia/patologia , Glomérulos Renais/patologia , Animais , Animais não Endogâmicos , Nefropatias Diabéticas/patologia , Feminino , Hiperinsulinismo/patologia , Hipertrofia/complicações , Glomérulos Renais/ultraestrutura , Estudos Longitudinais , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica/métodos , Análise de Regressão
7.
Rev. nefrol. diálisis transpl ; (43): 3-12, sept. 1997. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-123880

RESUMO

Conclusiones: -A lo largo de los años se observa tendencia a la estabilización en el número de pacientes y en la tasa de mortalidad anual bruta. -Las principales etiologías de ingreso son la nefroangioesclerosis y la nefropatía diabética, patologías sobre las que deberían focalizarse políticas preventivas de la insuficiencia renal crónica (léase programas de detección precoz de hipertension arterial, de detección de microalbuminuria en diabetes, etc., etc.) -Se observa un incremento de la población añosa. Esta población tiene pocas posibilidades de traplantarse y deber ser analizada en profundidad a fin de definir qué medidas pueden mejorar su calidad de vida. -El 58 por ciento de los fallecidos muere dentro del primer año. Esto merece un estudio más profundo, prospectivo, sobre las características de esta población de ingreso, a fin de definir si existe un subgrupo de pacientes que no se benefician de ser incluidos en un plan de diálisis crónica. -Sólo un 3 por ciento de los pacientes en plan de diálisis crónica egresa por trasplante renal, lo que muestra claramente cuán limitado es aún el programa de trasplantes renales en nuestro país. -La principal causa de muerte es la cardio y cerebro vascular (36,4 por ciento). (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Registros de Doenças , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , Prevalência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Mortalidade
8.
Rev. nefrol. diál. traspl ; (43): 3-12, sept. 1997. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-253596

RESUMO

Conclusiones: -A lo largo de los años se observa tendencia a la estabilización en el número de pacientes y en la tasa de mortalidad anual bruta. -Las principales etiologías de ingreso son la nefroangioesclerosis y la nefropatía diabética, patologías sobre las que deberían focalizarse políticas preventivas de la insuficiencia renal crónica (léase programas de detección precoz de hipertension arterial, de detección de microalbuminuria en diabetes, etc., etc.) -Se observa un incremento de la población añosa. Esta población tiene pocas posibilidades de traplantarse y deber ser analizada en profundidad a fin de definir qué medidas pueden mejorar su calidad de vida. -El 58 por ciento de los fallecidos muere dentro del primer año. Esto merece un estudio más profundo, prospectivo, sobre las características de esta población de ingreso, a fin de definir si existe un subgrupo de pacientes que no se benefician de ser incluidos en un plan de diálisis crónica. -Sólo un 3 por ciento de los pacientes en plan de diálisis crónica egresa por trasplante renal, lo que muestra claramente cuán limitado es aún el programa de trasplantes renales en nuestro país. -La principal causa de muerte es la cardio y cerebro vascular (36,4 por ciento).


Assuntos
Humanos , Registros de Doenças , Diálise/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Incidência , Prevalência , Mortalidade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologia
9.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 57(5): 546-56, 1997. tab, gra
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-19291

RESUMO

Analizamos retrospectivamente la evolución de 169 pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica, divididos en 4 grupos: 1) 24 con nefropatía diabética (edad 53,7 + 11 años); 2) 19 con poliquistosis renal (edad 55,3 + 9 años); 3) 43 mayores de 60 años al ingreso a hemodiálisis crónica de etiologías distintas a diabetes y poliquistosis (edad 69,2 + 5,8 años) y 4) 83 menores de 60 años de tiologías diversas (edad 42,8 + 12,4 años). En los tres primeros se registró creatinina plasmática e hipertensión areterial al ingreso, morbilidad, mortalidad y sus causas. En el primer grupo se registró la presencia al ingreso de retinopatia diabética severa y de enfermedad cardiovascular. En los 4 grupos se determinó la sobrevida. En el grupo 1, 92 por ciento presentaba retinopatía severa y 88 por ciento enfermedad cardiovascular: la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 100, 74 y 67 por ciento en los grupos 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente (p = 0,13). Doce diabéticos murieron antes del año, sin encontrarse diferencias en la creatinina sérica, la edad y la presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, retinopatía severa o hipertensión arterial entre ellos y los que viveron más de un año. El porcentaje del tiempo en riesgo internado y los días/paciente/año fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos 1 y 3 vs el grupo 2 (p < 0,001). Las causas de internación resultaron semejantes en grupos 1 y 3: ingreso a diálisis, cardiovasculares y neurológicas. Las principales causas de muerte en grupos 1 y 3 fueron: cardiovasculares y muerte súbita domiciliaria. La sobrevida fue superior en el grupo 2 vs el grupo 1 (p = 0,0014), siendo similar entre el grupo 1 y el 3 (p = 0,21) pese a la diferencia de 15 años entre ambos. Con el método de riesgo proporcional de Cox, se identificaron como factores de riesgo a la etiología diabética, la edad, el año de ingreso a HDC y los episodios de internación, ajustando rara covariantes estudiadas. En nuestra experiencia, la evolución de los pacientes diabéticos en tratamiento hemodialítico crónico mostró alta morbilidad y mortalidad, siendo el curso evolutivo paralelo al de los pacientes mayores de 60 años. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Estudo Comparativo , Diálise Renal , Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Doenças Renais Policísticas/terapia , Creatina/sangue , Nefropatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Doenças Renais Policísticas/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Morbidade , Causas de Morte , Hipertensão , Creatinina/sangue , Análise de Variância , Análise de Sobrevida , Estado Terminal/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(5): 546-56, 1997. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-209681

RESUMO

Analizamos retrospectivamente la evolución de 169 pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica, divididos en 4 grupos: 1) 24 con nefropatía diabética (edad 53,7 + 11 años); 2) 19 con poliquistosis renal (edad 55,3 + 9 años); 3) 43 mayores de 60 años al ingreso a hemodiálisis crónica de etiologías distintas a diabetes y poliquistosis (edad 69,2 + 5,8 años) y 4) 83 menores de 60 años de tiologías diversas (edad 42,8 + 12,4 años). En los tres primeros se registró creatinina plasmática e hipertensión areterial al ingreso, morbilidad, mortalidad y sus causas. En el primer grupo se registró la presencia al ingreso de retinopatia diabética severa y de enfermedad cardiovascular. En los 4 grupos se determinó la sobrevida. En el grupo 1, 92 por ciento presentaba retinopatía severa y 88 por ciento enfermedad cardiovascular: la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 100, 74 y 67 por ciento en los grupos 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente (p = 0,13). Doce diabéticos murieron antes del año, sin encontrarse diferencias en la creatinina sérica, la edad y la presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, retinopatía severa o hipertensión arterial entre ellos y los que viveron más de un año. El porcentaje del tiempo en riesgo internado y los días/paciente/año fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos 1 y 3 vs el grupo 2 (p < 0,001). Las causas de internación resultaron semejantes en grupos 1 y 3: ingreso a diálisis, cardiovasculares y neurológicas. Las principales causas de muerte en grupos 1 y 3 fueron: cardiovasculares y muerte súbita domiciliaria. La sobrevida fue superior en el grupo 2 vs el grupo 1 (p = 0,0014), siendo similar entre el grupo 1 y el 3 (p = 0,21) pese a la diferencia de 15 años entre ambos. Con el método de riesgo proporcional de Cox, se identificaron como factores de riesgo a la etiología diabética, la edad, el año de ingreso a HDC y los episodios de internación, ajustando rara covariantes estudiadas. En nuestra experiencia, la evolución de los pacientes diabéticos en tratamiento hemodialítico crónico mostró alta morbilidad y mortalidad, siendo el curso evolutivo paralelo al de los pacientes mayores de 60 años.


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Doenças Renais Policísticas/terapia , Diálise Renal , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Causas de Morte , Creatina/sangue , Creatinina/sangue , Estado Terminal/terapia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Hipertensão , Morbidade , Doenças Renais Policísticas/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida
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