Efficacy of two endectoparasiticide products combining fipronil and (S)-methoprene or esafoxolaner with eprinomectin and praziquantel against fleas and intestinal helminths in cats naturally infested in Brazil.

Eprinomectin and praziquantel, nematodicide and cestodicide compounds, are both combined with the insecticide and acaricide compounds fipronil and (S)-methoprene in Frontline® Protect/Broadline®, or esafoxolaner in NexGard® Combo. These topical feline endectoparasiticide products were tested for efficacy against fleas and intestinal helminths in a field trial in Brazil. Flea- and/or helminth-infested domestic cats were treated twice at a monthly interval following label instructions: 160 cats with Frontline® Protect/Broadline® and 165 cats with NexGard® Combo. The flea and intestinal helminth infestations were evaluated using comb counts and copromicroscopy, respectively before first treatment for baseline value, then 9 and 30 days after each treatment for fleas, and 9 days after each treatment for helminths. Multiparasitism was very frequent at baseline, as amongst the 325 included cats, 295, 280, 86 and 93 cats were at least infested with Ctenocephalides fleas, Ancylostoma, Toxocara and Dipylidium caninum, respectively. Efficacies were calculated by comparing the geometric means at baseline and at post-treatment timepoints for each parasite genus/species. Inclusive of both products and of all evaluation timepoints, the Ctenocephalides, Ancylostoma, Toxocara and D. caninum efficacies were at least 98.3%, 99.8%, 99.8% and 96.3%, respectively. No adverse reactions were observed, except for a few instances of mild, transient, and self-resolving hypersalivation occurring on the day of treatment in both groups. This field trial demonstrated high-level efficacy of Frontline® Protect/Broadline® and NexGard® Combo against major parasites of cats in Brazil.

TITLE: Efficacité de deux produits endectoparasiticides associant fipronil et (S)-méthoprène ou esafoxolaner à l'éprinomectine et au praziquantel contre les puces et les helminthes intestinaux chez les chats naturellement infestés au Brésil. ABSTRACT: L'éprinomectine et le praziquantel, composés nématodicides et cestodicides, sont tous les deux associés aux composés insecticides et acaricides fipronil et (S)-méthoprène dans Frontline® Protect/Broadline®, ou esafoxolaner dans NexGard® Combo. Ces produits endectoparasiticides félins topiques ont été testés pour leur efficacité contre les puces et les helminthes intestinaux lors d'un essai sur le terrain au Brésil. Des chats domestiques infestés de puces et/ou d'helminthes ont été traités deux fois à intervalle d'un mois en suivant les instructions d'utilisation, 160 chats avec Frontline® Protect/Broadline® et 165 chats avec NexGard® Combo. Les infestations par les puces et les helminthes intestinaux ont été évaluées en utilisant respectivement par comptage au peigne et par copromicroscopie, avant le premier traitement pour la valeur de base, puis 9 et 30 jours après chaque traitement pour les puces, et 9 jours après chaque traitement pour les helminthes. Le multiparasitisme était très fréquent à l'inclusion puisque parmi les 325 chats inclus, 295, 280, 86 et 93 chats étaient au moins infestés respectivement par les puces Ctenocephalides, ou Ancylostoma, Toxocara et Dipylidium caninum. Les efficacités ont été calculées en comparant les moyennes géométriques au départ et aux points d'évaluation post-traitement pour chaque genre/espèce de parasite. En incluant les deux produits et tous les points temporels d'évaluation, les efficacités contre Ctenocephalides, Ancylostoma, Toxocara et D. caninum étaient respectivement d'au moins 98,3 %, 99,8 %, 99,8 % et 96,3 %. Aucun effet indésirable n'a été observé à l'exception de quelques cas d'hypersalivation légère, transitoire et auto-résolvante survenant le jour d'un traitement dans les deux groupes. Cet essai sur le terrain a démontré une efficacité de haut niveau de Frontline® Protect / Broadline® et NexGard® Combo contre les principaux parasites des chats au Brésil.

Absence of ectoparasites in Boa constrictor amarali (Squamata: Boidae) from anthropic environments of the Capivari River Basin, São Paulo state, Brazil / Ausência de ectoparasitas em jibóias (Boa constrictor amarali) (Squamata: Boidae) de ambientes antrópicos da Bacia do Rio Capivari, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

As part of the municipal Epidemiology Surveilance Program of Brazilian Spotted Fever of Monte Morcounty, São Paulo state, 55 free living boas (Boa constrictor amarali) were captured and inspected during a 36 months period, for identificationof their ectoparasiticfauna, after notification of their presence by local citizens whose found the animals at a random basis. The weight of boas ranged from 0.1 to 5.75 kg for the 29 captured males (mean 2.56 kg) and 0.1 to 6.9 kg for the 24 captured females (mean 3.49 kg). The length ranged from 0.5 to 1.95 cm for males and 0.5 to 1.85 cm for females, with averages of 1.47 and 1.45respectively. Nomacroscopic ectoparasite was found on the inspected individuals. Since boas came from disturbed natural areas, it is possible that the animals are profiting from the anthropic environment, occupying an inadequate environment to maintain their natural populations of ectoparasites.

Como parte do programa municipal de Vigilância Zoosanitária e Epidemiológica da Febre Maculosa Brasileira do município de Monte Mor, situado na região metropolitana de Campinas, estado de São Paulo, durante um período de 36 meses, foram inspecionadas 55 jibóias (Boa constrictor amarali) de vida livre, capturadas pelo Serviço de Controle de Zoonoses para a identificação da fauna de ectoparasitas, após a notificação de moradores da cidade que encontravam os animais ao acaso. O peso das jibóias variou de 0,1 a 5,75 kg para os 29 machos (média de 2,56 kg) e de 0,1 a 6,9 kg para as 24 fêmeas (média de 3,49 kg). O comprimento variou de 0,5 a 1,95 cm para os machos e de 0,5 a 1,85 cm para as fêmeas, com médias respectivamente de 1,47 e 1,45 para machos e fêmeas. Em nenhum dos exemplares capturados foi registrada a presença de ectoparasitas macroscópicos. Por serem provenientes de áreas naturais alteradas, é provável que as jibóias estejam se beneficiando do meio antrópico, ocupando locais inadequados para manter as populações naturais de seus ectoparasitas.

[Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cerrado area of Corumbataí Municipality, Central East Region of São Paulo State, Brazil]. / Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) de área de cerrado no Município de Corumbataí, Centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Distribution and ecology knowledge of sandfly species is essential for epidemiology vigilance and risk determination for transmission of leishmaniasis. Sandfly trapping was carried out in a cerrado strictu sensu vegetation fragment in a rural area of Corumbataí Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, during July to November 2004. Two CDC light traps were used from 18h to 8h, once a month, resulting in 112 total hours of capture. During this period, 60 sandfly specimens of ten different species were sampled. The most abundant species and the one found in all captures was Pintomyia monticola totalizing 15 (25.0%) specimens, the second more abundant one was P. pessoai with 14 (23.3%) and the third one was Brumptomyia guimaraesi with 12 (20.0%) individuals collected. Other captured species were Psathyromyia aragaoi, B. avellari, B. brumpti, B. cunhai, P. bianchigalatiae, Evandromyia termitophila and Nyssomyia whitmani which corresponded to 19 (31.2%) specimens captured. Pintomyia pessoai and N. whitmani presence indicates transmission risk of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the area.

Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) de área de cerrado no Município de Corumbataí, Centro-Leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cerrado area of Corumbataí Municipality, Central East Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

O conhecimento da distribuição e ecologia das espécies de flebotomíneos é fundamental para a vigilância epidemiológica das leishmanioses. A pesquisa e a divulgação do encontro destes insetos colaboram para a determinação do risco de transmissão das mesmas. Realizaram-se capturas de flebotomíneos em fragmento de cerrado strictu sensu em área rural do município de Corumbataí, no período de julho a novembro de 2004. Foram utilizadas duas armadilhas luminosas automáticas do tipo CDC, das 18h às 8h, sendo uma coleta por mês, resultando em 112 horas de exposição. Durante o período de estudo, foi capturado um total de 60 flebotomíneos pertencentes a dez espécies diferentes. A espécie mais abundante e a única presente em todas as capturas foi Pintomyia monticola com um total de 15 (25,0 por cento) espécimes, a segunda foi P. pessoai com 14 (23,3 por cento) e a terceira Brumptomyia guimaraesi com 12 (20,0 por cento) indivíduos coletados. As demais espécies, Psathyromyia aragaoi, B. avellari, B. brumpti, B. cunhai, Pintomyia bianchigalatiae, Evandromyia termitophila e Nyssomyia whitmani somaram 19 (31,2 por cento) exemplares capturados. A presença de P. pessoai e N. whitmani indica risco de transmissão da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana na área estudada.

Distribution and ecology knowledge of sandfly species is essential for epidemiology vigilance and risk determination for transmission of leishmaniasis. Sandfly trapping was carried out in a cerrado strictu sensu vegetation fragment in a rural area of Corumbataí Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, during July to November 2004. Two CDC light traps were used from 18h to 8h, once a month, resulting in 112 total hours of capture. During this period, 60 sandfly specimens of ten different species were sampled. The most abundant species and the one found in all captures was Pintomyia monticola totalizing 15 (25.0 percent) specimens, the second more abundant one was P. pessoai with 14 (23.3 percent) and the third one was Brumptomyia guimaraesi with 12 (20.0 percent) individuals collected. Other captured species were Psathyromyia aragaoi, B. avellari, B. brumpti, B. cunhai, P. bianchigalatiae, Evandromyia termitophila and Nyssomyia whitmani which corresponded to 19 (31.2 percent) specimens captured. Pintomyia pessoai and N. whitmani presence indicates transmission risk of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the area.