[From patient safety to the resilience of healthcare systems: the state of the art]. / De la sécurité des patients à la résilience des systèmes de soins: un état de l'art.

Patient security has become a priority in public health policies. In 30 years, health systems have adopted the risk management tools designed for industries. The purpose of this review of the literature is to describe the current security models and approaches deployed in health systems and to explore new perspectives. The bibliographic search was conducted from three databases, in French and in English. The thematic analysis of the selected material (48 references) guided the construction of the article and the identification of a typology of prevention approaches. After a presentation of the «classical¼ approaches, the limits of these approaches in the specific context of care are exposed. The scientific perspectives currently envisaged to build new approaches to prevention in health are then presented. By way of conclusion, these perspectives question the need for a paradigm shift, as proposed by the current of «resilience engineering¼.

La sécurité des patients est devenue une priorité des politiques de santé publique. En 30 ans, les systèmes de santé se sont approprié les outils de gestion des risques conçus pour les industries. L'objectif de cette revue de littérature est de décrire les modèles et les démarches de sécurité actuellement déployés dans les systèmes de santé et d'explorer les nouvelles perspectives. La recherche bibliographique a été réalisée à partir de trois bases de données, en français et en anglais. L'analyse thématique du matériel retenu (48 références) a guidé la construction de l'article et l'identification d'une typologie de démarches de prévention. Après une présentation des démarches « classiques ¼, nous exposons les limites de ces démarches dans le contexte spécifique des soins. Puis nous présenterons les perspectives scientifiques actuellement envisagées pour construire de nouvelles approches de prévention en santé. Ces perspectives interrogent, en conclusion, la nécessité d'un changement de paradigme, comme le propose le courant de l'« ingénierie de la résilience ¼.

De la sécurité des patients à la résilience des systèmes de soins: un état de l'art / From patient safety to the resilience of healthcare systems: the state of the art

Résumé La sécurité des patients est devenue une priorité des politiques de santé publique. En 30 ans, les systèmes de santé se sont approprié les outils de gestion des risques conçus pour les industries. L'objectif de cette revue de littérature est de décrire les modèles et les démarches de sécurité actuellement déployés dans les systèmes de santé et d'explorer les nouvelles perspectives. La recherche bibliographique a été réalisée à partir de trois bases de données, en français et en anglais. L'analyse thématique du matériel retenu (48 références) a guidé la construction de l'article et l'identification d'une typologie de démarches de prévention. Après une présentation des démarches « classiques ¼, nous exposons les limites de ces démarches dans le contexte spécifique des soins. Puis nous présenterons les perspectives scientifiques actuellement envisagées pour construire de nouvelles approches de prévention en santé. Ces perspectives interrogent, en conclusion, la nécessité d'un changement de paradigme, comme le propose le courant de l'« ingénierie de la résilience ¼.

Abstract Patient security has become a priority in public health policies. In 30 years, health systems have adopted the risk management tools designed for industries. The purpose of this review of the literature is to describe the current security models and approaches deployed in health systems and to explore new perspectives. The bibliographic search was conducted from three databases, in French and in English. The thematic analysis of the selected material (48 references) guided the construction of the article and the identification of a typology of prevention approaches. After a presentation of the «classical¼ approaches, the limits of these approaches in the specific context of care are exposed. The scientific perspectives currently envisaged to build new approaches to prevention in health are then presented. By way of conclusion, these perspectives question the need for a paradigm shift, as proposed by the current of «resilience engineering¼.

[Building resilience in healthcare to improve patient safety? The case of anesthesia]. / L'ingénierie de la résilience: un nouveau modèle pour améliorer la sécuritê des patients? L'exemple de l'anesthésie.

Patient safety is a major issue and a challenge to be addressed by public policy. New alternative approaches are currently being developed within the international community. In particular, these new approaches include the concept of "resilience" In this context, this literature review presents this new trend called "resilience engineering". It is based on scientific articles in French and English identified in two large databases (Cairn and Science Direct). The overall objective was to determine how this concept can help us to understand the functioning of the healthcare system and propose new ways to improve patient safety. Three main characteristics of the resilience approach were identified, supporting the value of resilience engineering in healthcare systems. To illustrate these results, the review presents an illustrative example in the field of anaesthesia. In conclusion, it is now clear that traditional approaches to safety have many limitations for risk prevention in healthcare: work organization must promote adaptive strategies built by healthcare teams. The new concept of "resilience" appears to be a relevant tool to achieve this goal.

Planning safe anesthesia: the role of collective resources management.

OBJECTIVE: Anticipation and planning are essential steps of risk management but the mechanisms of planning behavior are incompletely understood, especially the factors including collective work. The aim of this research is to understand how anesthetists plan safe solution to perform anesthesia. METHODS: A study based on interviews was conducted in two French hospitals. Data processing focused on the main decisions made by 20 anesthetists during two simulated pre-anesthetic consultation. The main decisions made have been identified and the decision criteria have been analyzed. RESULTS: To ensure patient safety, all anesthetists do not plan the same solution. The rejection or the selection of solutions by each physician rests on two types of criteria: the assessment of risks for the patient and the assessment of resources available to handle the situation. For the latter, the knowledge on the individual skills of each and the adoption of "local benchmark practices" play an essential role. CONCLUSION: Ultra safe performance in highly variable systems cannot be achieved only through standardization but also through the possibility and ability of the subjects to adapt their practices to their own skills and to that of their colleagues. The conditions for the development of this "adaptative safety" are discussed.