Batchwise and continuous nanofiltration of POSS-tagged Grubbs-Hoveyda-type olefin metathesis catalysts.

New molecular-weight-enlarged metathesis catalysts, which bear polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) tags, were synthesized and characterized. The catalysts can be recovered from the reaction mixture by using nanofiltration techniques and can be reused. It was found that the membranes Starmem 228 and PuraMem 280 successfully separate the catalyst from the post-reaction mixtures to below 3 ppm. The application of these POSS-tagged catalysts in a continuous metathesis reaction was also investigated.

Force field parametrization and molecular dynamics simulation of flexible POSS-linked (NHC; phosphine) Ru catalytic complexes.

In recent years, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or phospine groups have been put forward as candidate catalysts ligands for olefin metathesis reactions to be performed using multistep methods. Some of these proposed ligands contain polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) structures linked to NHC rings by means of alkyl chains. Some important properties for the prediction of catalytic activity, such as the theoretically defined buried volume, are related to the conformational characteristics of these complex ligands that can be studied through molecular dynamics simulations. However, the chemical structure of resulting catalytic complexes usually contains atoms or groups that are not included in the common forcefields used in simulations. In this work we focus on complexes formed by a catalytic metal center (Ru) with both phospine and POSS-linked NHC groups. The central part of the complexes contain atoms and groups that have bonds, bond angles, and torsional angles whose parameters have not been previously evaluated and included in existing force fields. We have performed basic ab initio quantum mechanical calculations based on the density functional theory to obtain energies for this central section. The force field parameters for bonds, bond angles, and torsional angles are then calculated from an analysis of energies calculated for the equilibrium and different locally deformed structures. Nonbonded interactions are also conveniently evaluated. From subsequent molecular dynamics simulations, we have obtained results that illustrate the conformational characteristics most closely connected with the catalytic activity.