[PIK3CA mutations in the most common types of cancer]. / Mutacje genu PIK3CA w najczesciej wystepujacych nowotworach.

Continuous improvement of appropriate methods of dealing with cancer require active search for the possibility of applying more and newer targeted therapies. Scientific reports, in addition to best-described proteins KRAS, PI3K emphasize the important role in carcinogenesis. This paper presents overview PIK3CA mutations in the path PI3K/PTEN/Akt the most common cancers. Targeted to stop the most important components of this path can be used to create targeted therapies. PIK3CA mutation may also be a predictive factor in the selection of targeted therapies. A lot of questions remain unanswered such as: how the structure and biochemical effects of intracellular affect different mutations in PIK3CA, and all mutations in the gene lead to the activation of p110a subunit? Additional research on the biochemical structure and cell structure are necessary to complete the discovery of PIK3CA gene function and, in particular subunits of p110a.

Cytological picture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer.

The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal cancers in Poland has been constantly growing, which has led to an intensification of the search for new markers of the early clinical stage of this disease. The oral cavity,as the first part of the gastrointestinal tract, has a very important role. The oral cavity presents symptoms of both typically stomatological and systemic diseases. Oral cancers, benign or malignant, may originate and grow in any of the tissues of the mouth, and within this small area they may be of varied clinical, histological and biological features. These can be lesions typically observed in the oral cavity, but also characteristic of cases where the symptoms occur both in the mouth and in other body parts. The aim of this study was to present a cytological picture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer and to compare the cytological picture with that obtained from a group of patients with no cancer, using the Papanicolaou classification and the Bethesda system. The study was conducted in 126 patients treated surgically in the II General and Gastroenterological Surgery Clinic between 2006 and 2008. All patients were divided into two groups based on the type of lesions. In both of the studied groups, more than half of the patients did not present any abnormalities in the mucosa of the mouth, lips and cheeks in the physical examination. None of the patients had erosion, ulceration or lesions typical of leukoplakia or lichen planus. No malignant cells were detected in either of the studied groups, and there were no well-defined lesions found in the oral cavity that would distinguish the patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

[Health behaviors of workers in context of act of smoking permission in 2006-2007 yrs]. / Zachowania zdrowotne pracowników w swietle przestrzegania ustawy o zakazie palenia w latach 2006-2007.

Smoking defines as a gate open for development other addictions in a group of adolescents and educational institutions have significant influence on development of health behaviors. The aim of the study was the estimation the phenomena of respecting of law in area of smoking permission in Poland in 2006-2007 yrs. Schools and other educational institutions were considered especially. Over 209 000 work place participated in the observation and 46 000 of educational institutions were in that group. Permission of smoking cigarettes was respected in 99.3% of educational institutions. 15.1% of bars and restaurants respected the law in that area. The biggest problems in respecting the law were observed in Gorzów Wielkopolski and Bialystok. The results show there is the necessity of leading more efficient educational actions connected to health behaviors at schools and other institutions and finding new solutions for respecting the law.