Neurological, otolaryngological and ophthalmological implications of Susac syndrome - a case report.

Susac syndrome is an endotheliopathy affecting the arterioles of the brain, retina, and inner ear. Many cases of Susac syndrome are underdiagnosed, mainly at the early stages of the disease, while prompt diagnosis enables a speedy recovery. Immediate treatment can halt disease progression and even prevent future disability. We report a case of Susac syndrome, describe the difficulties in the diagnosis of this case, and include a detailed history of a 35-year-old man via the presentation of extensive laboratory work-up and imaging studies. Audiometry showed sensorineural hearing loss of about 75 dB in the left ear. Ovoid lesions of the corpus callosum in magnetic resonance (MR) were present as were advanced binocular ophthalmological changes in fluorescent angiography. Methylprednisolone with acetylsalicylic acid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were implemented with a positive outcome (clinical and audiometric improvement).

Susac syndrome--clinical insight and strategies of therapy.

Susac syndrome is an uncommon autoimmune microangiopathy characterized mainly by neurological disorders and, to date, 304 clinical cases have been described. The background of this syndrome is an immune-mediated endotheliopathy that affects the microvasculature of the brain, retina, and inner ear resulting in encephalopathy, hearing loss, and branch retinal artery occlusions. However, the cause and the pathogenesis of this microangiopathy remain unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging, retinal fluorescein angiography, and audiography findings enable the diagnosis of this syndrome. In this review, we have demonstrated the epidemiology and pathology of Susac syndrome with detailed description of clinical signs, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic possibilities.

[Betadine for antisepsis of the conjunctival sac]. / Betadyna w antyseptyce worka spojówkowego.

12.5% solution of betadine is used for conjunctival sac antiseptics. To estimate effectiveness of betadine in 50 eyes, bacteriological examination was performed before and after local betadine application. Betadine is effective against Staphylococcus. Peptococcaceae were cultured after betadine application, in 3 cases.

[Optic disc drusen--clinical picture and diagnostic problems]. / Druzy tarczy nerwu wzrokowego--obraz kliniczny i trudnosci diagnostyczne.

The aim of the paper was to establish the methods which allow to diagnose optic disc drusen and to differentiate them from other diseases with similar clinical picture. 10 patients with diagnosis or suspicion of optic disc drusen were examined. The results suggest that usefulness of ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography and static perimetry.

[Selected cases of metastatic tumors to the visual system]. / Wybrane przypadki przerzutów nowotworowych do narzadu wzroku.

Metastases are always bad prognostic symptoms. They occur rather rarely, but may involve each element of visual system uni- or bilaterally. Usually we found these metastatic tumors in patients with earlier diagnosed neoplastic disease, in various tissues and organs. Therefore, in majority of cases treatment is only palliative, especially in those with the only eye or when the process is bilateral.

[Traumatic avulsion of the optic nerve in the chiasm region]. / Urazowe wyrwanie nerwu wzrokowego w miejscu skrzyzowania nerwów wzrokowych.

Avulsion of the optic nerve in the chiasmal region is a very rare injury. The authors presented a case of such avulsion with concomitant temporal visual field defect in the other eye. The pathomechanism of this type of optic nerve injuries is discussed.

[Retinoschisis vs. retinal detachment--diagnosis and treatment]. / Rozwarstwienie a odwarstwienie siatkówki--diagnostyka i leczenie.

In the years 1985-1990, 987 patients with retinal detachment were treated in the Ophthalmological Clinic of Medical Academy in Poznan. In 25 patients, from the above group, the coexistence of retinoschisis was observed. The clinical picture of retinal detachment and retinoschisis was the basis for explaining the pathogenesis of two different phenomena: "retinoschisis versus retinal detachment" and "retinal detachment versus retinoschisis". The surgical treatment applied to 25 eyes resulted in 88% retinal attachment.