Considerations for effective dissemination of evidence-based early intervention approaches.

LAY ABSTRACT: Dissemination, or the widespread sharing of information, is important for moving research evidence into community practice. Early intervention programs for young autistic children have not yet been widely disseminated to the early childhood workforce. This letter describes factors that may support or prevent dissemination to community-based settings, such as packaging and branding early intervention approaches. We argue that an increased focus on dissemination research is needed.

Beyond the Task List: A Proposed Integration of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions to BCBA Training.

Naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention (NDBI) is firmly rooted in both the science of ABA as well as developmental science. Research indicates that many practicing board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) are unfamiliar with NDBI models and do not implement these approaches when working with young autistic children (Hampton and Sandbank Autism, 26(4), 875-888, 2022). In this article we align NDBI to the seven dimensions of ABA, describe their compatibility with the ABA service system, and urge community agencies and insurance funders to support NDBI use. Finally, we provide a roadmap for BCBAs who provide behavior analytic intervention to young autistic children and for Verified Course Sequence faculty to effectively align the 6th edition BCBA Test Content Outline with the principles and application of NDBI.

Toward deeper understanding and wide-scale implementation of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions.

LAY ABSTRACT: Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) are a group of early interventions that use a variety of strategies from applied behavioral and developmental sciences. Although Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions have been demonstrated effective, Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions are not implemented on a wide scale within early intervention programs for children on the autism spectrum. Potential reasons likely stem from differing theoretical orientations of developmental and behavioral sciences and practitioners' lack training, knowledge, and support for implementing Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions. In support of efforts to promote wide-scale implementation of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions, we (1) clarify their common features, (2) discuss possible misconceptions, and (3) offer reasons why Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions should be widely implemented. We also provide recommendations to the autism service community, intervention developers, and researchers.

Inclusive Preschool Practitioners' Implementation of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Using Telehealth Training.

This single-case investigation was designed to evaluate the effects of telehealth training on practitioner implementation of a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention (NDBI). Six general education preschool practitioners engaged in an intervention with six children with varying disabilities in inclusive classroom settings. The telehealth training package included a collaborative approach to intervention planning, online training module, video self-evaluation, and performance feedback via videoconferencing. Following telehealth training, practitioners reached criteria for implementation fidelity and increased communication opportunities. Additionally, child participants increased communication behaviors above baseline levels. All behaviors generalized to a different activity context and maintained over time. Social validity was measured and results suggest high levels of acceptability for the telehealth training package.

Arthroscopy Up to Date: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Anatomy.

PURPOSE: To categorize and summarize up-to-date anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) research published in Arthroscopy and The American Journal of Sports Medicine and systematically review each subcategory, beginning with ACL anatomy. METHODS: After searching for "anterior cruciate ligament" OR "ACL" in Arthroscopy and The American Journal of Sports Medicine from January 2012 through December 2014, we excluded articles more pertinent to ACL augmentation; open growth plates; and meniscal, chondral, or multiligamentous pathology. Studies were subcategorized for data extraction. RESULTS: We included 212 studies that were classified into 8 categories: anatomy; basic science and biomechanics; tunnel position; graft selection; graft fixation; injury risk and rehabilitation; practice patterns and outcomes; and complications. Anatomic risk factors for ACL injury and post-reconstruction graft failure include a narrow intercondylar notch, low native ACL volume, and increased posterior slope. Regarding anatomic footprints, the femoral attachment is 43% of the proximal-to-distal lateral femoral condylar length whereas the posterior border of the tendon is 2.5 mm from the articular margin. The tibial attachment of the ACL is two-fifths of the medial-to-lateral interspinous distance and 15 mm anterior to the posterior cruciate ligament. Anatomic research using radiology and computed tomography to evaluate ACL graft placement shows poor interobserver and intraobserver reliability. CONCLUSIONS: With a mind to improving outcomes, surgeons should be aware of anatomic risk factors (stenotic femoral notch, low ligament volume, and increased posterior slope) for ACL graft failure, have a precise understanding of arthroscopic landmarks identifying femoral and tibial footprint locations, and understand that imaging to evaluate graft placement is unreliable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, systematic review of Level III evidence.