First Report on Abortion Caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis is one of the major pathogens associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. Thus, due to the importance of Salmonella spp. infections for animal production and public health, the aim of the present study was to describe the first detection of S. enteritidis in an aborted water buffalo fetus in southern Italy by characterizing the phylogroup profile and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated pathogenic strains. The different clinical manifestations of salmonellosis in animals include diarrhea, abortion, pneumonia, septic arthritis, meningitis, and others, depending on the virulence of the serovars, infectious dose, and host immunity. This study reports the first case of abortion caused by Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Enteritidis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Campania region, southern Italy. Complete necropsy was performed on the aborted water buffalo fetus under study, and samples and swabs from different organs were collected. Samples were processed by microbiological and molecular analyses to detect bacterial, viral, and protozoarian pathogens possibly responsible for abortion. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out to further characterize the isolated S. Enteritidis strain. Our findings highlight the crucial role of S. Enteritidis as a potential abortive agent in water buffalo and its presence should therefore be investigated in cases of bubaline abortion.

Identification of a New Serovar of Salmonella enterica in Mediterranean Buffalo Calves (Bubalus bubalis).

This case report describes for the first-time cases of severe gastroenteritis in water buffalo calves due to a new serovar of Salmonella enterica. The study was carried out on fecal matrix collected from live water buffalo calves that showed profuse diarrhea, severe dehydration and fever, exhibiting a systemic course. Culture and molecular investigations identified the pathogens isolated from intestinal contents as two Salmonella serovars, Salmonella enterica enterica O:35 and a new serovar of Salmonella enterica. The isolates showed multi-drug resistance. Timely diagnosis associated with a targeted antimicrobial treatment were found to be sufficient for the survival and recovery of the infected animals. Herd vaccines prepared from isolated pathogens were used to prevent further deaths of the calves.

Corpos trans* na medida socioeducativa de internação: desestabilizando práticas e produzindo novidades / Trans* bodies in the juvenile detention centers: destabilizing practices and producing novelties / Los cuerpos trans* en centros de encarcelamiento juvenil: prácticas desestabilizadoras y producción de novedades

O presente trabalho discute como a chegada de uma jovem trans* em uma unidade feminina de internação do Departamento Geral de Ações Socioeducativas (Degase-RJ) movimentou, produziu tensões e revelou importantes dinâmicas, práticas e discursos a respeito de gênero, sexualidade, transexualidade e direitos. Tomando como acontecimento a chegada de dessa jovem, a qual chamaremos de Estrela, procuramos identificar as forças que possibilitam e/ou dificultam a discussão de gênero no sistema socioeducativo, bem como os modos como o corpo de Estrela produz movimentos instituintes que desestabilizam certezas e verdades a respeito do gênero, do sexo e do desejo. O trabalho se desenvolveu a partir de duas pesquisas realizadas na referida unidade, ambas pautadas pelo paradigma ético/estético/político da cartografia. Buscando acompanhar alguns processos desenrolados a partir da chegada de Estrela, como a criação de um Grupo de Trabalho sobre diversidade sexual e de gênero e a produção do Regimento Interno do Degase (Decreto n. 46.525/18), discutimos como a presença da jovem demandou a criação de ações e estratégias institucionais que, não sem dificuldades e desafios, buscaram pautar a temática de gênero a partir de uma perspectiva da garantia de direitos...(AU)

This article debates how the arrival of a young transexual woman in a female juveniledetention center (Degase) in Rio de Janeiro tensioned and revealed important dynamics, practices and discourses about gender, sexuality, transexuality and rights. Taking Esrela's arrival as a starting point, we aim to identify the forces that produce and/or make difficult some discussions about gender in this context, as well as to debate the ways Estrela's body made unstable some certainties about gender, sex and desire. The discussions here come from two different researches developed in the female juvenile detention center where Estrela was, both using the cartographic method and its ethical/aesthetic/political paradigm. In order to follow some processes unrolled by Estrela's arrival, such as the creation of a group to discuss gender and sexual diversity and Degase's internal regiment, we discuss how Estrela's presence emanded actions and strategies to talk about gender from a human right's perspective, although not without difficulties and challenges...(AU)

El presente trabajo discute cómo la llegada de una joven trans* en una unidad femenina de internación del Departamento General de Acciones Socioeducativas (Degase-RJ) movió, produjo tensiones y reveló importantes dinámicas, prácticas y discursos acerca de género, sexualidad, transexualidad y derechos. Tomando como acontecimiento la llegada de esa joven, a la que llamaremos Estrela, buscamos identificar las fuerzas que posibilitan y/o dificultan la discusión de género en el sistema socioeducativo, así como los modos como el cuerpo de Estrela produce movimientos instituyentes que desestabilizan certezas y verdades sobre género, sexo y deseo. El trabajo se desarrolló a partir de dos investigaciones realizadas en la referida unidad, ambas pautadas por el paradigma etico/estético/político de la cartografía. Buscando acompañar algunos procesos desenrollados a partir de la llegada de Estrela, como la creación de un Grupo de Trabajo sobre diversidad sexual y de género y la producción del Reglamento Interno del Degase, discutimos cómo la presencia de la joven demandó la creación de acciones y estrategias institucionales que, no sin dificultades y desafíos, buscaron pautar la temática de género desde una perspectiva de la garantía de derechos...(AU)

Body construction and health itineraries: a survey among travestis and trans people in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The article examines health itineraries followed by Brazilian travestis, trans men and trans women in the affirmation of their gender, based on the survey Trans Uerj: Health and Citizenship of Trans People in Brazil. The survey's main objectives were to gauge the trans/travesti population's diversity and sociodemographic profile; and to map the various ways they access their rights as citizens, especially to healthcare services and body modification technologies. Interviewers, mainly trans people and travestis, applied 391 questionnaires in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its metropolitan region to interviewees of different social classes, schooling levels and gender identity configurations, contacted through the interviewers' social networks. For defining respondents' gender identities the survey used an original method based on self-definitions, which were then aggregated into 6 categories for data analysis purposes. This article discusses the multiple strategies used by this trans population in gender affirmation processes to gain access to regulated and/or unregulated use of hormones and surgical procedures.

Impact of intramammary inoculation of inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus and antibiotics on the milk microbiota of water buffalo with subclinical mastitis.

Water buffalo mastitis represents a major issue in terms of animal health, cost of therapy, premature culling and decreased milk yeld. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to investigate strategies to avoid or reduce antibiotics' based therapies, in particular during subclinical mastitis. The use of Generally Regarded As Safe bacteria (GRAS) such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus to restore the unbalance in mammary gland microbiota could provide potential corrective measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in milk microbiota after the intramammary treatment with inactivated cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus of mammary gland quarters naturally affected by subclinical mastitis as compared to antibiotic therapy.A number of 43 quarters affected by subclinical mastitis with no signs of clinical inflammation and aerobic culture positive for pathogens were included in the study. The experimental design was as follows: 11 quarters were treated with antibiotics, 15 with inactivated cultures of Lactobacillus rhmnosus and 17 with PBS as negative control, by means of intrammary injection. Samples were collected at eight time points, pre- (T-29, T-21, T-15, T-7, T0 days) and post- treatment (T1, T2, and T6 days). Microbiological culture and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) were perfomed on all the samples, and microbiota was determined on milk samples collected at T0 and T6 by amplifying the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene by PCR and sequencing using next generation sequencing technique. Treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus elicited a strong chemotactic response, as determined by a significant increase of leukocytes in milk, but did not change the microbiological culture results of the treated quarters. For what concerns the analysis of the microbiota, the treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced the modification in relative abundance of some genera such as Pseudomonas and 5-7N15. As expected, antibiotic treatment caused major changes in microbiota structure with an increase of Methylobacterium relative abundance. No changes were detected after PBS treatment. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that the in vivo intrammmary treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus has a transient pro-inflammatory activity by increasing SCC and is capable to modify the microbiota of milk after six days from inoculation, albeit slightly, even when the bacterial cultures were heat inactivated. Further studies are necessary to assess the potential use of this GRAS as supportive therapy against mastitis.

Body construction and health itineraries: a survey among travestis and trans people in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / A construção do corpo e itinerários de saúde: um estudo entre travestis e pessoas trans no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Construcción corporal e itinerarios de salud: una encuesta entre travestis y personas trans en Río de Janeiro, Brasil

The article examines health itineraries followed by Brazilian travestis, trans men and trans women in the affirmation of their gender, based on the survey Trans Uerj: Health and Citizenship of Trans People in Brazil. The survey's main objectives were to gauge the trans/travesti population's diversity and sociodemographic profile; and to map the various ways they access their rights as citizens, especially to healthcare services and body modification technologies. Interviewers, mainly trans people and travestis, applied 391 questionnaires in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its metropolitan region to interviewees of different social classes, schooling levels and gender identity configurations, contacted through the interviewers' social networks. For defining respondents' gender identities the survey used an original method based on self-definitions, which were then aggregated into 6 categories for data analysis purposes. This article discusses the multiple strategies used by this trans population in gender affirmation processes to gain access to regulated and/or unregulated use of hormones and surgical procedures.

O artigo examina os itinerários de saúde seguidos por travestis e mulheres e homens trans brasileiros na afirmação do seu próprio gênero, com base no inquérito Trans Uerj: Health and Citizenship of Trans People in Brazil. O inquérito teve como objetivos avaliar a diversidade e o perfil sociodemográfico da população trans/travesti e mapear as diversas maneiras pelas quais garantem seus direitos de cidadania, principalmente nos serviços saúde e em tecnologias de modificação do corpo. Os entrevistadores, majoritariamente pessoas trans e travestis, aplicaram 391 questionários na cidade e Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, com entrevistados/as de diferentes classes sociais, níveis de escolaridade e configurações de identidade de gênero, contatados através das redes sociais dos entrevistadores. A definição da identidade de gênero dos entrevistados usou um método original baseado nas autodefinições; as definições foram agregadas depois em seis categorias para fins de análise dos dados. O artigo discute as múltiplas estratégias utilizadas pela população trans nos processos de afirmação de gênero para obter acesso ao uso regulado e/ou não regulado de hormônios e procedimentos cirúrgicos.

El artículo examina los itinerarios de salud seguidos por travestis brasileños, hombres trans y mujeres trans para la afirmación de su género, está basado en la encuesta Trans Uerj: Health and Citizenship of Trans People in Brazil. Los objetivos principales de esta encuesta fueron evaluar la diversidad de la población trans/travesti y su perfil sociodemográfico; así como mapear los diferentes caminos gracias a los que consiguen tener acceso a sus derechos como ciudadanos, especialmente en lo que concierne a servicios de salud y técnicas de modificación corporales. Se entrevistaron principalmente a personas trans y travestis, de quienes se recabaron 391 cuestionarios en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro y su región metropolitana, procedentes de diferentes clases sociales, niveles educacionales y configuraciones de identidad de género, que fueron contactados a través de redes sociales por parte de los entrevistadores. Con el fin de definir las identidades de género de quienes respondieron la encuesta, se usó un método original basado en autodefiniciones, que posteriormente fueron añadidas a 6 categorías para fines de análisis de datos. Este artículo discute las múltiples estrategias utilizadas, por parte de esta población trans en procesos de afirmación de género, para conseguir acceso al uso de hormonas reguladas y/o irregulares, así como procedimientos quirúrgicos.

Performatividades de Gênero em Unidades Prisionais Femininas do Rio de Janeiro / Gender Performativities in Female Prison Units in Rio de Janeiro / Performatividades de Género en Unidades Penitenciarias femeninas de Río de Janeiro

O Brasil vive hoje um superencarceramento e, em seu bojo, tem especial destaque o aumento da população carcerária nas unidades femininas. Este artigo tem como objetivo pensar, a partir de algumas linhas que conectam três pesquisas realizadas entre 2009 e 2017, no Rio de Janeiro, como se des/re/criam performatividades de gênero no contexto de unidades prisionais femininas. Para tal, convidamos algumas personagens, conjugando interlocutoras que habitaram os campos de pesquisa, para ingressarmos em uma Cartografia, perspectiva que costura um posicionamento ético, político e metodológico. Através de catuques e cartas como dispositivos de escrita, essas personagens se narram nas forças que compõem a trama de relações de poder, afeto e erotismo nas experiências de restrição e privação de liberdade. A partir disso, discutiremos como performatividades de gênero, conformando e transbordando categorias, compõem a paisagem prisional, habitada por intensidades, jogos, disputas e negociações, constituindo linhas que produzem variados arranjos de gênero e sexualidade....(AU)

Brazil deals today with a process of mass incarceration that has as one of its developments a stunning increase of the female prison population. This article's objective is to think about gender performativities in female prisons and how they are done, undone and remade. For that, we will analyze three researches that took place in Rio de Janeiro from 2009 to 2017. In order to do so, we created three fictional characters conjugating elements of real people that we interviewed and that guide a cartography of female prisons. We use Cartography as a method and aesthetic/ politic positioning and as a starting point. Through notes and scraps that are frequently used by those who are incarcerated, these characters will show themselves and the forces that connect the network of power relations, affection and eroticism in the experiences of restriction and deprivation of liberty. With and through them, we will discuss how gender performativities and identity categories comprise the prison landscape, inhabited by intensities, games, disputes and negotiations, constituting lines that produce varied arrangements of gender and sexuality....(AU)

Brasil vive hoy un superencarcelamiento y, en su conjunto, tiene especial destaque el aumento de la población carcelaria en las unidades femeninas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo pensar, a partir de algunas líneas que conectan tres investigaciones realizadas del 2009 al 2017, en Río de Janeiro, cómo se des/re/crean performatividades de género en el contexto de las prisiones femeninas. Para esto, invitamos a algunos personajes, conjugando interlocutoras que habitaron los campos de investigación, para ingresar a una Cartografía, perspectiva que teje un posicionamiento ético, político y metodológico. A través de catuques y cartas como dispositivos de escritura, esos personajes se narran en las fuerzas que componen la trama de relaciones de poder, afecto y erotismo en las experiencias de restricción y privación de libertad. A partir de eso, discutiremos cómo performatividades de género, conformando y transbordando categorías, componen el paisaje penitenciario, habitado por intensidades, juegos, disputas y negociaciones, constituyendo líneas que producen variados arreglos de género y sexualidad....(AU)

Response of Leuconostoc strains against technological stress factors: Growth performance and volatile profiles.

The ability of twelve strains belonging to three Leuconostoc species (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc lactis and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides) to grow under diverse sub-lethal technological stress conditions (cold, acidic, alkaline and osmotic) was evaluated in MRS broth. Two strains, Leuconostoc lactis Ln N6 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides Ln MB7, were selected based on their growth under sub-lethal conditions, and volatile profiles in RSM (reconstituted skim milk) at optimal and under stress conditions were analyzed. Growth rates under sub-lethal conditions were strain- and not species-dependent. Volatilomes obtained from the two strains studied were rather diverse. Particularly, Ln N6 (Ln. lactis) produced more ethanol and acetic acid than Ln MB7 (Ln. mesenteroides) and higher amounts and diversity of the rest of volatile compounds as well, at all times of incubation. For the two strains studied, most of stress conditions applied diminished the amounts of ethanol and acetic acid produced and the diversity and levels of the rest of volatile compounds. These results were consequence of the different capacity of the strains to grow under each stress condition tested.

Leuconostoc strains isolated from dairy products: Response against food stress conditions.

A systematic study about the intrinsic resistance of 29 strains (26 autochthonous and 3 commercial ones), belonging to Leuconostoc genus, against diverse stress factors (thermal, acidic, alkaline, osmotic and oxidative) commonly present at industrial or conservation processes were evaluated. Exhaustive result processing was made by applying one-way ANOVA, Student's test (t), multivariate analysis by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Matrix Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. In addition, heat adaptation on 4 strains carefully selected based on previous data analysis was assayed. The strains revealed wide diversity of resistance to stress factors and, in general, a clear relationship between resistance and Leuconostoc species was established. In this sense, the highest resistance was shown by Leuconostoc lactis followed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains, while Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum strains revealed the lowest resistance to the stress factors applied. Heat adaptation improved thermal cell survival and resulted in a cross-resistance against the acidic factor. However, all adapted cells showed diminished their oxidative resistance. According to our knowledge, this is the first study regarding response of Leuconostoc strains against technological stress factors and could establish the basis for the selection of "more robust" strains and propose the possibility of improving their performance during industrial processes.

Genetic identification and distribution of the parasitic larvae of Anisakis pegreffii and Anisakis simplex (s. s.) in European hake Merluccius merluccius from the Tyrrhenian Sea and Spanish Atlantic coast: implications for food safety.

The consumption of the hake Merluccius merluccius is widespread in European countries, where this fish has a high commercial value. To date, different larval species of Anisakis have been identified as parasites in M. merluccius from European waters, Anisakis pegreffii and Anisakis simplex (s. s.) being the two most common. The aim of the study is to present data on the occurrence of Anisakis spp. larvae in the viscera and flesh of M. merluccius. Consequently, the distribution and infection rates of different species of Anisakis in different sites (viscera, and dorsal and ventral fillets) were investigated in hake caught in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (FAO 37.1.3) and the NE Atlantic Ocean (FAO 27 IXa). A sample of N=65 fish individuals (length>26 cm) was examined parasitologically from each fishing ground. The fillets were examined using the pepsin digestion method. A large number (1310) of Anisakis specimens were identified by multilocus allozyme electrophoresis (MAE) and mtDNA cox2 sequence analysis; among these, 814 larvae corresponded to A. simplex (s. s.) and 476 to A. pegreffii. They were found to infect both the flesh and the viscera. The two species co-infected the same individual fish (both in the viscera and in the flesh) from the FAO 27 area, whereas only A. pegreffii was found in hake from the Tyrrhenian Sea. The average parasite burden of A. pegreffii in hake from the Tyrrhenian Sea was significantly lower to that observed from hake off the Atlantic coast of Spain, both in prevalence and in abundance. In addition, whereas no significant difference in overall prevalence values was recorded between the two Anisakis species in the viscera of the FAO 27 sample, significant differences were found in the abundance levels observed between these species in the flesh, with A. simplex (s. s.) exhibiting significantly higher levels than that observed for A. pegreffii (p<0.001). Given that the pathogenic role in relation to man is known for these two species of Anisakis, both the flesh inspection and the infection rates of the different anisakid species assume particular importance in terms of assessing the risk they pose to humans.