Re-Examination of the Maxillary Vestibular Approach with Emphasis on Facial Mimetic Muscle Preservation.

Introduction: The standard Keen's or the maxillary vestibular incision allows direct access to the zygomatico-maxillary complex with inadvertent transection of the facial muscles and more laborious visualisation of the zygoma. Materials and Methods: We describe modifications to the vestibular and Keen's technique, based on identification and re-orientation of the facial muscles as well as utilisation of anatomical gaps between the facial mimetic muscles. Conclusion: Our modifications are based on the principle of facial mimetic muscle identification, preservation and re-orientation to near normal anatomy.

Anatomic Variation of Submental Artery: A Case of Submental Artery Coursing Through a Developmental Defect of Mylohyoid Muscle.

Knowledge about variations in mylohyoid muscle and submental artery is essential for maxillofacial surgeons, as these structures are commonly encountered in maxillofacial ablative and reconstructive surgery. While cadaveric and radiologic studies on mylohyoid variations have been documented in the literature, we report an intraoperative variation observed in relation to mylohyoid muscle and submental artery.

A Modified Peri-Angular Approach for Exposure of Condylar Fractures.

PURPOSE: To describe a modified peri-angular approach to address subcondylar and condylar neck fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A modified peri-angular incision is used to approach a fractured condyle through the anteroparotid transmasseteric approach. RESULTS: In the authors' experience, this method provides quick and clean exposure to the fractured condylar base and neck fractures for open reduction and internal fixation. CONCLUSION: Although the peri-angular approach has been discussed in the literature, the authors' modification lessens the chance of complications, such as marginal nerve injury and parotid fistula formation, because the nerve is visualized and kept isolated throughout.

Spectroscopic characterization of zinc oxide nanorods synthesized by solid-state reaction.

Well-crystallized zinc oxide nanorods have been fabricated by single step solid-state reaction using zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide, at room temperature. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) stabilized zinc oxide nanorods were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction revealed the wurtzite structure of zinc oxide. The size estimation by XRD and TEM confirmed that the ZnO nanorods are made of single crystals. The growth of zinc oxide crystals into rod shape was found to be closely related to its hexagonal nature. The mass ratio of SLS:ZnO in the nanorods was found to be 1:10 based on the thermogravimetric analysis. Blue shift of photoluminescence emission was noticed in the ZnO nanorods when compared to that of ZnO bulk. FT-IR analysis confirmed the binding of SLS with ZnO nanorods. Apart from ease of preparation, this method has the advantage of eco-friendliness since the solvent and other harmful chemicals were eliminated in the synthesis protocol.