Impact of intervention on nutritional status, consumption of processed foods, and quality of life of adolescents with excess weight.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a nutritional intervention on nutritional status, ultra-processed food consumption, and quality of life of adolescents with excess weight. METHODS: Experimental study with adolescent students with excess weight, divided into two groups, an intervention group and a control group. The nutritional intervention lasted six months, with an educational and motivational approach. Nutritional status (waist circumference and body mass index), quality of life, and ultra-processed food consumption were evaluated before and after the period. RESULTS: Sixty-two adolescents with overweight or obesity participated in the study, 37 in the intervention group and 25 in the control group, aged 13.2±1.5 years in intervention group, and 13.0±1.8 years in control group, both of which had a higher female participation. There were changes in the body mass index (intervention group Δ: -0.81±2.28, control group Δ: -0.64±1.28) and in the waist circumference for intervention group (Δ:-3.31±5.47). For the pre- and post-ultra-processed food consumption, there was a significant reduction in the consumption of soft drinks in the intervention group (Δ: -0.07 [-0.27 to 0.00]), instant noodles (Δ: -0.03 [-0.07 to 0.00]), and sandwich cookies (Δ: -0.06 [-0.26 to 0.00]). The quality of life increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group, with no intra- (p=0.162) or intergroup statistical relevance in the pre- (p=0.426) and post- (0.249) intervention period, with a reduction in the emotional domain score, with a significant variation in the intervention group (pre and post; Δ: -19.0±40.6). CONCLUSION: There was a decrease in body mass index and waist circumference (central obesity being more often related to insulin resistance), reduction of ultra-processed food consumption (soft drinks, sandwich cookies, and instant noodles), and a tendency toward quality of life improvement (however, there was a decrease in the domains of emotional and school quality of life).

Health-related quality of life in adolescents with excess weight / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em adolescentes com excesso de peso

Abstract Objective: To identify health-related quality of life in adolescents with excess weight and associated factors, such as gender, age, and weight categories. Method: A cross-sectional study with collected and secondary data from 276 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years with overweight and obesity, and whose parents or guardians authorized their participation. Anthropometric data, pubertal development, and the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire were collected for the health-related quality of life assessment. Categorical data were described as numbers and percentages. For the description of health-related quality of life subscales, medians and the 25th and 75th percentiles were used, as well as the Mann -Whitney test for comparisons between age group, gender, and weight categories. Results: The median health-related quality of life total score was 78.3 (68.5 -87.4). The lowest scale was the "emotional score", 65 (50 -80). Higher health-related quality of life was found in boys in most of the scores (p < 0.05), except for the "school score" (p = 0.09). Regarding the age group, the median of the "physical scores" (p = 0.03) and "social score" (p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the group younger than 14 years. When separated according to weight categories, it was verified that obese adolescents differed significantly in relation to the "physical score" (p = 0.00), "school score" (p = 0.04), and "total score" (p = 0.02) of the health-related quality of life. However, there was no significant difference between the emotional, social, and psychosocial scores. Conclusions: Adolescents with overweight and obesity show losses in the health-related quality of life and also between the different domains, when separated by age, gender, and weight categories.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre adolescentes com excesso de peso e fatores associados, como gênero, idade e categorias de peso. Método: Estudo transversal com dados coletados e secundários de 276 adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos, com sobrepeso e obesidade, cujos responsáveis autorizaram a participação. Foram coletados dados antropométricos, desenvolvimento puberal e questionário PedsQL 4.0 para a avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Os dados categóricos foram descritos por contagens e percentuais. Para a descrição das subescalas da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foram usadas medianas e percentis 25 e 75 e teste de Mann-Whitney para comparações entre grupos de faixa etária, gênero e categorias de peso. Resultados: A mediana do escore total da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foi de 78,3 (68,5-87,4). A menor escala foi o "escore emocional" 65 (50-80). Encontramos a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde maior nos meninos na maioria dos escores (p < 0,05), exceto o "escore escolar" (p = 0,09). Quanto à faixa etária, a mediana dos "escores físico" (p = 0,03) e "escore social" (p = 0,02) foram significativamente menores no grupo menor de 14 anos. Ao separar as categorias de peso, percebe-se que os adolescentes obesos diferem significativamente com relação ao "escore físico" (p = 0,00); "escore escolar" (p = 0,04) e "escore total" (p = 0,02) da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Contudo, não houve diferença significativa entre os escores emocional, social e psicossocial. Conclusões: Adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade têm prejuízos na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e também entre os diferentes domínios, quando separados por faixa etária, gênero e categorias de peso.

Health-related quality of life in adolescents with excess weight.

OBJECTIVE: To identify health-related quality of life in adolescents with excess weight and associated factors, such as gender, age, and weight categories. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with collected and secondary data from 276 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years with overweight and obesity, and whose parents or guardians authorized their participation. Anthropometric data, pubertal development, and the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire were collected for the health-related quality of life assessment. Categorical data were described as numbers and percentages. For the description of health-related quality of life subscales, medians and the 25th and 75th percentiles were used, as well as the Mann-Whitney test for comparisons between age group, gender, and weight categories. RESULTS: The median health-related quality of life total score was 78.3 (68.5-87.4). The lowest scale was the "emotional score", 65 (50-80). Higher health-related quality of life was found in boys in most of the scores (p<0.05), except for the "school score" (p=0.09). Regarding the age group, the median of the "physical scores" (p=0.03) and "social score" (p=0.02) were significantly lower in the group younger than 14 years. When separated according to weight categories, it was verified that obese adolescents differed significantly in relation to the "physical score" (p=0.00), "school score" (p=0.04), and "total score" (p=0.02) of the health-related quality of life. However, there was no significant difference between the emotional, social, and psychosocial scores. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with overweight and obesity show losses in the health-related quality of life and also between the different domains, when separated by age, gender, and weight categories.