Reconstrucción con colgajo de músculo temporal en defecto del tercio medio de la región facial. Nuestra experiencia en un hospital de mediana complejidad / Reconstruction with Temporal Muscle Flap for Mid-Facial Defect: Our Experience in a Medium Complexity Hospital

Introducción: El colgajo pediculado realizado con músculo temporal es una opción terapéutica válida para la reconstrucción de defectos de la región facial posterior a una resección quirúrgica, es una alternativa aceptable a los colgajos libres cuando estos no pueden ser utilizados ya sea por el performance status o patología de base de los pacientes a tratar o por no contar con cirujano microvascular. Objetivo: Describir nuestra experiencia en el uso de este colgajo para la reconstrucción de 7 pacientes con defectos de órbita, paladar y mucosa yugal tras la cirugía ablativa de diversas patologías. Materiales y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes del Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital José Ramon Vidal, Corrientes-Argentina operados en el periodo comprendido desde enero del 2019 hasta enero del 2021.En este lapso, 7 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía reconstructiva inmediata con colgajo de músculo temporal en defectos del tercio medio de la región facial. Resultados: Un total de siete pacientes, (4 masculino- 3 femenino), sometidos a cirugía ablativa por presentar patología maligna (6) y patología benigna (1), con una edad media de 60 años. Dos colgajos se utilizaron para defectos de región orbitaria y partes blandas, seis para defectos en la cavidadoral­ en un paciente se emplearon los 2 músculos temporales-. El colgajo fue exitoso en todos los casos, se presentaron complicaciones menores como: dolor postoperatorio, hematoma, trismus, depresión de la zona dadora. Se obtuvo márgenes libres en el total de los procedimientos. Discusión: La cirugía reconstructiva con colgajo pediculado de musculo temporal es una excelente alternativa de colgajo regional con buenos resultados, posee alta tasa de éxito justificada por su buena vascularización. Además, la proximidad del músculo temporal con la región maxilofacial y su inserción contribuyen a obtener un arco de rotación hasta 180° sin comprometersu vitalidad. Es útil para la reconstrucción en un acto quirúrgico, acortando el tiempo intraoperatorio y sin cambios posicionales. Conclusiones: El colgajo de músculo temporal resulta una opción válida a los colgajos libres osteo-mio-cutáneos para defectos mixtos (óseos y de partes blandas) del tercio medio facial luego de la cirugía ablativa, cuando estos últimos no pueden ser implementados teniendo en cuenta varios aspectos como performance estatus de los pacientes, patología de base y necesidad de contar con un cirujano microvascular

Introduction: temporalis muscle vascularized flaps is a valid therapeutic option for reconstruction of defects in facial region after surgical resections. It is an acceptable alternative to free transfer flaps when these cannot be used because of the patient's performance state and base pathologies. Or because of the lack of a microvascular surgeon. Objectives: To describe on experience applying this kind of flaps for the reconstruction or 7 patients, with defects in palate orbit and yugal mucose after resective surgeries for various pathologies. Materials and methods: retrospective revision of patients in the general department, of Jose R Vidal Hospital (Corrientes - Argentina) into underwent surgery during the period between January 2019 ad January 2021. A total of 7 patients underwent immediate reconstructive surgery using a temporalis muscle flap. Results: 7 patients (4 males y 3 female) underwent resective surgery for different malignant (6) and benign (1) with a median age of 60. Two flaps were used for defects of the orbitary region and soft tissue, six for defects of the oral cavity (in one patient both temporalis muscle were used. Te procedure was successful in all cases, and minor complication were present, (post operatory pain, hematoma, trismus, excavation of the donor region) all procedures resulted un surgical margins of lesion of malignancy. Discussion: reconstructive surgery using a vascularized flap of temporalis muscle is an excellent alternative for regional flaps with good results and a high success justified because of its a good irrigation. Besides the proximity between temporalis muscle and the maxillofacial region, possibilities a flap rotation of up to 180 grades without compromising its vitality it is also useful for reconstruction in a single surgery shortening intra-operatory time while avoiding repositioning of the patients during the procedure. Conclusions: Temporalis muscle flaps are valid option to free osteo- mayo- cutaneal flaps for mixed defects (involving bone and soft tissue) of the medium third of facial region after resective surgeries when the latter cannot be carried and because of various aspects little performance status base pathologies and lack of microvascular margin.

Evolution of instabilities in filament buckling processes.

In this work we study the dynamical buckling process of a thin filament immersed in a highly viscous medium. We perform an experimental study to track the shape evolution of the filament during a constant velocity compression. Numerical simulations reproduce the dynamical features observed from the experimental data and allow quantifying the filament's load. We observe that both the filament's load and the wave number evolve in a stepwise manner. In order to achieve a physical insight of the process, we apply a theoretical model to describe the buckling of a filament in a viscous medium. We solve a hydrodynamic equation in terms of normal modes for clamped-clamped boundary conditions and constant applied load. We find a good agreement between experimental data and simulations, suggesting that the proposed mechanistic model captures the essential features underlying the dynamical buckling process.

Hacia la implementación de un protocolo nacional de alerta temprana basado en el monitoreo de los parámetros fisiológicos en pacientes internados / Towards the implementation of a national early warning protocol based on the monitoring of physiological parameters in hospitalized patients

INTRODUCCIÓN La escala NEWS (National Early Warning Score) clasifica a los pacientes según su probabilidad de deterioro. Fue desarrollada a partir de signos vitales (SV) obtenidos automáticamente. En Argentina, los SV son tomados manualmente; hay una percepción de que no son confiables y su capacidad predictiva es baja. OBJETIVOS Validar la capacidad de discriminación del NEWS a partir de SV, tal como se toman en el medio local. MÉTODOS Nueve hospitales ingresaron pacientes en forma prospectiva, relevando los SV, su hora y fecha, datos demográficos, co-morbilidades, eventos severos y muerte. Se calculó la escala NEWS con cada set de parámetros. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística evaluando la capacidad del primer valor de NEWS de predecir un evento durante la internación independientemente de la edad, co-morbilidades y sexo. Mediante una curva ROC se analizó la capacidad de discriminación de la media del NEWS y, a través de árboles de decisión, se analizó el mejor valor de corte que predecía muerte y/o evento a las 12 y a las 24 horas. RESULTADOS Ingresaron 1705 pacientes, 869 mujeres, con edad de 18 a 100; 10% de los pacientes presentó algún evento y la mortalidad fue 3,5%. El 90% fue clasificado al ingreso como NEWS de bajo grado de deterioro (0-4), el 5% de riesgo moderado (5-6) y el 5% de riesgo alto (mayor a 7). El valor de NEWS al ingreso de la internación predijo el riesgo de presentar un evento severo durante ella (OR 3,40; IC 2,8-3,5), independientemente de la edad, sexo, y la presencia de co-morbilidades. La escala NEWS fue mejor predictora a las 12 horas previas de un evento que la edad sumada a las co-morbilidades; un valor mayor a 3 fue el predictor más "seguro" de muerte a las 12 horas y a las 24 horas. La media del NEWS durante la internación presentó un área bajo la curva de 0,90 para mortalidad y de 0,80 para evento severo. DISCUSIÓN La escala NEWS es una excelente predictora de la ocurrencia de eventos durante la internación, inclusive a partir de la toma tal como se realiza en este medio.

Eficácia dos tratamentos estabelecidos pelo Manual da IETS, em oócitos, expostos à Leptospira interrogans / Effectiveness of treatments established by the Manual of IETS, in oocytes, exposed to Leptospira interrogans

Avaliou-se a eficácia dos tratamentos, definidos pela International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS), de oócitos bovinos, maturados in vitro e expostos experimentalmente à Leptospira interrogans sorovar Grippotyphosa. Os oócitos foram obtidos por meio de punção folicular, selecionados e distribuídos em quatro grupos, expostos ao patógeno e submetidos aos diferentes tipos de tratamentos. Foram expostos à cepa na concentração de 4,7.10(5)/µL, virulenta e não adaptada ao meio de manutenção EMJH, e, de 6,3.10(5)/µL, avirulenta e adaptada ao meio, por 24 horas. Os grupos tratados com tripsina ou antibióticos apresentaram eficácia de 21,7 por cento, e o grupo lavado sequencialmente 33,4 por cento. Os tratamentos não foram eficazes para os contaminados com a cepa avirulenta. Concluiu-se que as normas de controle de qualidade estabelecidas pela IETS poderiam ser revisadas e, possivelmente, redefinidas, uma vez que a eficácia dos tratamentos, provavelmente, não depende somente da espécie do patógeno, pois há interferência da virulência e de ação dos tratamentos sobre o tipo de patógeno.

The research purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments established by the IETS, in bovine oocytes maturated in vitro, exposed experimentally to Leptospira interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa. The oocytes were obtained through follicular puncture, selected and randomly allotted in four groups, exposed to the pathogen and subjected to different types of treatments. They were exposed to the strain in the concentration of 4.7x10(5)/µL virulent and not adapted to the EMJH, and to 6,3x10(5)/µL, virulent and adapted to the medium, for 24 hours. The treatments presented for the groups with trypsin or antibiotics, 21.7 percent efficiency, and the group washed sequentially presented 33.4 percent efficiency. The treatments were not effective for those infected with avirulent strain. In the statistical analysis, by χ², was found significance in the results obtained. The standards of quality control established by IETS could be reviewed and possibly redefined, since the effectiveness of treatment probably depends not only on the species of the pathogen, but is also affected by its virulence and treatment effectiveness.

Eficácia dos tratamentos estabelecidos pelo Manual da IETS, em oócitos, expostos à Leptospira interrogans / Effectiveness of treatments established by the Manual of IETS, in oocytes, exposed to Leptospira interrogans

Avaliou-se a eficácia dos tratamentos, definidos pela International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS), de oócitos bovinos, maturados in vitro e expostos experimentalmente à Leptospira interrogans sorovar Grippotyphosa. Os oócitos foram obtidos por meio de punção folicular, selecionados e distribuídos em quatro grupos, expostos ao patógeno e submetidos aos diferentes tipos de tratamentos. Foram expostos à cepa na concentração de 4,7.10(5)/µL, virulenta e não adaptada ao meio de manutenção EMJH, e, de 6,3.10(5)/µL, avirulenta e adaptada ao meio, por 24 horas. Os grupos tratados com tripsina ou antibióticos apresentaram eficácia de 21,7 por cento, e o grupo lavado sequencialmente 33,4 por cento. Os tratamentos não foram eficazes para os contaminados com a cepa avirulenta. Concluiu-se que as normas de controle de qualidade estabelecidas pela IETS poderiam ser revisadas e, possivelmente, redefinidas, uma vez que a eficácia dos tratamentos, provavelmente, não depende somente da espécie do patógeno, pois há interferência da virulência e de ação dos tratamentos sobre o tipo de patógeno.(AU)

The research purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments established by the IETS, in bovine oocytes maturated in vitro, exposed experimentally to Leptospira interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa. The oocytes were obtained through follicular puncture, selected and randomly allotted in four groups, exposed to the pathogen and subjected to different types of treatments. They were exposed to the strain in the concentration of 4.7x10(5)/µL virulent and not adapted to the EMJH, and to 6,3x10(5)/µL, virulent and adapted to the medium, for 24 hours. The treatments presented for the groups with trypsin or antibiotics, 21.7 percent efficiency, and the group washed sequentially presented 33.4 percent efficiency. The treatments were not effective for those infected with avirulent strain. In the statistical analysis, by χ², was found significance in the results obtained. The standards of quality control established by IETS could be reviewed and possibly redefined, since the effectiveness of treatment probably depends not only on the species of the pathogen, but is also affected by its virulence and treatment effectiveness.(AU)

Interação do Mycoplasma bovigenitalium com células do cumulus in vitro após o período de maturação oocitária bovina

The Mycoplasma is considered cosmopolitan and can be disseminated through international trade of animals, industrialized semen and embryo transfer products. The expansion of cumulus cells is used as a parameter for evaluating cattle oocytes cultivated in vitro, and their morphological changes are representative. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium with primary-culture cumulus cells, after the in vitro maturation period. Cumulus complex oocytes (COCs) obtained through follicular puncture of ovaries from a cattle slaughterhouse were divided into two groups to be matured for 24 hours in the maturation medium (TCM 199 + hormones) in a climate controlled chamber at 38º C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity. Subsequently, the oocytes were removed from the plates, which remained with only the cumulus cells attached. With the monostratum cell formed, one group was infected with 30 ºL (5 x 10(6) cells/mL) M. bovigenitalium, replicated in modified Hayflick medium at 37º C in a mycroaerofilic chamber, while the other was kept as a control. The results showed that with 24 hours of exposure to the pathogen, the cultures showed a small number of rounded and grainy cells, when compared to the controls. This effect persisted until the 7th day, when a process of cell detachment began. It can be concluded that a mycoplasma contamination may be imperceptible to the manipulations of FIV, because cells infected by this group of bacteria present no cloudiness in the culture field, and when they do not lyse the host cell, they make it more susceptible to environment and other infectious agents.

O Mycoplasma é considerado cosmopolita, podendo ser disseminado através do comércio internacional de animais, sêmen industrializado e de produtos de transferência de embriões. A expansão de células do cumulus é utilizada como parâmetro de avaliação de oócitos bovinos cultivados in vitro e suas alterações morfológicas são representativas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação do Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, exposto experimentalmente à cultura primária de célula do cumulus, após o período de maturação. Complexos oócitos cumulus (COCs) obtidos através de punção folicular de ovários bovinos, provenientes de abatedouro, foram divididos em dois grupos para serem maturados durante 24h em meio de maturação (TCM199 + hormônios) em estufa a 38º C, 5% de CO2, 95% de umidade. Posteriormente, os oócitos foram retirados das placas, permanecendo somente com as células do cumulus aderidas. Com o monoestrato celular formado, um grupo foi infectado com 30 mL de M. bovigenitalium, replicado em meio Hayflick modificado a 37º C em estufa de microaerofilia, enquanto o outro foi mantido como controle. Os resultados mostraram que, com 24h de exposição ao patógeno, as culturas apresentaram um pequeno número de células arredondadas e granulosas, quando comparadas as dos controles. Esse efeito persistiu até o sétimo dia, onde se iniciou um processo de descolamento das células. Pode-se concluir que uma contaminação por micoplasma pode ser imperceptível às manipulações da FIV, pois células infectadas por esse grupo de bactérias não apresentam turvações no meio de cultura e, quando não lisam a célula hospedeira, tornam mais suscetível ao ambiente e outros agentes infecciosos.

Interação do Mycoplasma bovigenitalium com células do cumulus in vitro após o período de maturação oocitária bovina / Interaction of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium with primary-culture cumulus cells after in vitro maturation period

O Mycoplasma é considerado cosmopolita, podendo ser disseminado através do comércio internacional de animais, sêmen industrializado e de produtos de transferência de embriões. A expansão de células do cumulus é utilizada como parâmetro de avaliação de oócitos bovinos cultivados in vitro e suas alterações morfológicas são representativas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação do Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, exposto experimentalmente à cultura primária de célula do cumulus, após o período de maturação. Complexos oócitos cumulus (COCs) obtidos através de punção folicular de ovários bovinos, provenientes de abatedouro, foram divididos em dois grupos para serem maturados durante 24h em meio de maturação (TCM199 + hormônios) em estufa a 38º C, 5% de CO2, 95% de umidade. Posteriormente, os oócitos foram retirados das placas, permanecendo somente com as células do cumulus aderidas. Com o monoestrato celular formado, um grupo foi infectado com 30 mL de M. bovigenitalium, replicado em meio Hayflick modificado a 37º C em estufa de microaerofilia, enquanto o outro foi mantido como controle. Os resultados mostraram que, com 24h de exposição ao patógeno, as culturas apresentaram um pequeno número de células arredondadas e granulosas, quando comparadas as dos controles. Esse efeito persistiu até o sétimo dia, onde se iniciou um processo de descolamento das células. Pode-se concluir que uma contaminação por micoplasma pode ser imperceptível às manipulações da FIV, pois células infectadas por esse grupo de bactérias não apresentam turvações no meio de cultura e, quando não lisam a célula hospedeira, tornam mais suscetível ao ambiente e outros agentes infecciosos.

INTERACTION OF MYCOPLASMA BOVIGENITALIUM WITH PRIMARY-CULTURE CUMULUS CELLS AFTER IN VITRO MATURATION PERIOD. The Mycoplasma is considered cosmopolitan and can be disseminated through international trade of animals, industrialized semen and embryo transfer products. The expansion of cumulus cells is used as a parameter for evaluating cattle oocytes cultivated in vitro, and their morphological changes are representative. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium with primary-culture cumulus cells, after the in vitro maturation period. Cumulus complex oocytes (COCs) obtained through follicular puncture of ovaries from a cattle slaughterhouse were divided into two groups to be matured for 24 hours in the maturation medium (TCM 199 + hormones) in a climate controlled chamber at 38° C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity. Subsequently, the oocytes were removed from the plates, which remained with only the cumulus cells attached. With the monostratum cell formed, one group was infected with 30 mL (5 x 106 cells/mL) M. bovigenitalium, replicated in modified Hayflick medium at 37° C in a mycroaerofilic chamber, while the other was kept as a control. The results showed that with 24 hours of exposure to the pathogen, the cultures showed a small number of rounded and grainy cells, when compared to the controls. This effect persisted until the 7th day, when a process of cell detachment began. It can be concluded that a mycoplasma contamination may be imperceptible to the manipulations of FIV, because cells infected by this group of bacteria present no cloudiness in the culture field, and when they do not lyse the host cell, they make it more susceptible to environment and other infectious agents.

Multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes associated with Mexican-style cheese made from pasteurized milk among pregnant, Hispanic women.

Listeriosis is a severe infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Since 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has requested that listeriosis patients be interviewed using a standardized Listeria Initiative (LI) questionnaire. In January 2009, states and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began investigating a multistate outbreak of listeriosis among pregnant, Hispanic women. We defined a case as an illness occurring between October 2008 and March 2009 with an L. monocytogenes isolate indistinguishable from the outbreak strain by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We conducted a multistate case-control study using controls that were selected from L. monocytogenes illnesses in non-outbreak-related pregnant, Hispanic women that were reported to the LI during 2004 to 2008. Eight cases in five states were identified. Seven of these were pregnant, Hispanic females aged 21 to 43 years, and one was a 3-year-old Hispanic girl, who was excluded from the study. Seven (100%) cases but only 26 (60%) of 43 controls had consumed Mexican-style cheese in the month before illness (odds ratio, 5.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to ∞; P = 0.04). Cultures of asadero cheese made from pasteurized milk collected at a manufacturing facility during routine sampling by the Michigan Department of Agriculture on 23 February 2009 yielded the outbreak strain, leading to a recall of cheeses produced in the plant. Recalled product was traced to stores where at least three of the women had purchased cheese. This investigation highlights the usefulness of routine product sampling for identifying contaminated foods, of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis to detect multistate outbreaks, and of the LI for providing timely exposure information for case-control analyses. Recalls of contaminated cheeses likely prevented additional illnesses.

Caracterização anatomofuncional do sistema genital de fêmeas bubalinas (Bubalus bubalis) e suas implicações na múltipla ovulação e transferência de embriões / Anatomical and functional characterization of the genital system of female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and its implications on multiple ovulation and embryo transfer

Realizaram-se estudos para aferir as prováveis causas da baixa taxa de recuperação de estruturas embrionárias em búfalas superovuladas. No primeiro estudo (Experimento 1), foram utilizados sistemas genitais de búfalas e de bovinas tratadas para a indução de ovulações únicas ou múltiplas, os quais foram submetidos à morfometria, seguidos de lavagem dos ovidutos para a recuperação dos oócitos. Posteriormente, os ovidutos foram encaminhados à histologia. No Experimento 2, foram utilizados ovidutos de búfalas e de bovinas, tratadas para a indução de ovulação única. O lúmen do oviduto foi exposto e, após isso, os ovidutos foram incubados em meio de cultura com ou sem E2, com posterior colocação de microesferas na sua superfície para a aferição do movimento ciliar. No Experimento 3, foram utilizados ovidutos de búfalas e de bovinas tratadas para a indução de ovulação única. Os ovidutos foram incubados em meio de cultura com ou sem E2, com a inserção de oócitos bubalinos ou bovinos em seu lúmen, sendo posteriormente lavados para a recuperação e contagem dos oócitos. No Experimento 4, búfalas e bovinas foram tratadas para a indução de ovulações únicas ou múltiplas. Após a ovulação, os animais foram submetidos à laparotomia para a inserção de oócitos bubalinos ou bovinos no oviduto.

Studies were performed to assess the probable causes of the low embryonic structures recovery rate in superovulated buffaloes. In the first study (Experiment 1) were used buffaloes and bovines genital systems treated to induce single or multiple ovulations, which were submitted to morphometry followed by oviducts flushing for the oocytes recovery. Subsequently, the oviducts were sent to histology. In Experiment 2, were used buffaloes and bovines oviducts treated for single ovulation. The oviduct lumen was exposed and, thereafter, incubated in culture medium with or without E2, with subsequent placement of microspheres on its surface for the ciliary movement measure. In Experiment 3, were used buffaloes and bovines oviducts treated for a single ovulation. The oviducts were incubated in culture medium with or without E2, with the inclusion of bovine or buffalo oocytes in the lumen, and subsequently flushed for the oocytes recovery and counting. In Experiment 4, buffaloes and bovines were treated to induce single or multiple ovulations. After ovulation, the animals underwent laparotomy for the insertion of bovine or buffalo oocytes in the oviduct. Later (five and six days after buffalo and bovine oocytes insertion, respectively), the genital systems were flushed in vivo for the embryonic structures recovery.

Evaluation of trypsin treatment on the inactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on in vitro produced pre-implantation embryos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of trypsin treatment on the inactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) on in vitro produced by fertilization and artificially infected bovine embryos. Bovine embryos on day 7 were exposed with 10 microl of BoHV-1, Los Angeles strain 10(7.5) TCID. These embryos and control embryos were divided in two groups: submitted to the sequential washes or to the trypsin treatment according to the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) guidelines. The embryos and the last washing drop of each group were used as inoculum to infect Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and submitted to nested PCR reaction using the primer that encodes the gene conserved region of virus glycoprotein gB. The data have shown that the control embryos and their last washing drop were negative. The exposed embryos that were treated with trypsin have shown positive results on the n-PCR and MDBK culture, and their last washing drop were negative. Our data have demonstrated that the trypsin treatment was not able to eliminate the BHV-1 of the embryos, suggesting an interaction between virus and embryo.

Genomic polymorphism in Uruguayan Creole cattle using RAPD and microsatellite markers.

Uruguayan Creole cattle inhabit areas that cannot sustain conventional farming. They have adapted to fragile environments and are influenced only by natural selection. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite (MS) markers were used to analyse Creole cattle genome polymorphism. A comparative analysis using the RAPD technique was performed in pooled DNA of three cattle breeds (Holstein Friesian, Creole and Hereford) in order to evaluate their amplification patterns. A primary screening of RAPD primers allowed us to select and use those with higher percentage of GC base composition. A total of 215 loci ranging between 300 and 2500 bp were amplified. Bandsharing frequency (BSF) among breeds showed that less related fingerprints were observed between Creole and Hereford cattle (0.77), while the highest similarity frequency corresponded to Holstein Friesian compared to Hereford (0.81). Specific RAPD bands were identified in the three DNA pools and they were tested in every individual of each breed. It may be possible to isolate and sequence these bands to create breed-specific molecular markers. The identification of multiple alleles of the MSCYP 21 in Creole cattle with an heterozygosity of He = 0.846 supported the variability of this genetic resource. The use of molecular markers such as RAPD s and microsatellites is proposed to establish genetic distance among American Creole cattle and possibly related ancestral Iberian breeds.

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus in Brazil by polymerase chain reaction assay.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) was first isolated in 1978 in the USA. Analysis of CPV isolates by monoclonal antibodies and restriction enzymes have shown that after the first emergence of CPV (CPV-2) it evolved to give rise to new antigenic types, which were designated CPV type 2a and type 2b. These new types have replaced the original CPV type 2, although the proportions of each of the new antigenic types vary in different countries. In Brazil, CPV-like infections were first observed in 1979, however, there has been no information concerning the antigenic types of CPV prevailing in South America. In this study, we designed a PCR assay to type canine parvovirus strains in fecal samples collected from symptomatic dogs during 1980 through 1986 and 1990 through 1995. Our data showed that the CPV epizootic in Brazil followed the same pattern observed in the USA of emergence of CPV-2 followed by replacement by the variants CPV-2a and 2b. The predominant strain found during 1980 was CPV-2a, which was substantially replaced by CPV-2b from 1990 to 1995.

Factors from Trypanosoma cruzi interacting with AP-1 sequences.

Interaction between factors from Trypanosoma cruzi extracts and AP-1 sequences was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Using a double-stranded probe carrying the AP-1 sequence from the SV40 promoter, three specific complexes designated A, B, and C were detected. Complexes A and C were formed when using single-stranded probes. The relative amount of complex B, specific for double-stranded DNA, increased as a function of probe length. Complexes were stabilized by cross-linking with UVC irradiation and resolved on denaturing SDS-PAGE. Complex A generated bands of 60- and 39 kDa; complex B produced two bands of 46- and 43 kDa; and complex C generated one band of 43 kDa. The AP-1 binding activity was much higher in purified nuclear preparations than in soluble fractions, and was detected in crude extracts from the three forms of the parasite. The binding signal, however, was much stronger in amastigote and trypomastigote than in the epimastigote forms. Specific binding was increased by oxidative stress. Antibodies raised against peptides corresponding to conserved domains of mammalian c-Jun and c-Fos detected bands of 40- and 60 kDa, respectively, in a nuclear epimastigote preparation.

Amitraz effects on foot-and-mouth disease virus in mammalian cells in vitro.

The toxicity of the acaricide amitraz and its effect on foot-and-mouth disease virus multiplication were evaluated in IB-RS-2 cells in vitro. A reduction of cell growth rate that was dependent on the dose and the length of treatment was observed in cells exposed to amitraz concentrations ranging from 20 to 50 micrograms/ml. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infectivity remained essentially unchanged in cells exposed to amitraz (20 micrograms/ml) 24 hr prior to virus infection or after the adsorption period. Viral RNA synthesis evaluated through [3H]uridine incorporation in cells treated for 24 hr prior to infection was not affected by amitraz.

Cytotoxicity of captafol in mammalian cells.

The cytotoxicity of captafol, a phthalimide-derived fungicide, was evaluated in IB-RS-2 cells. Captafol at 0.12-1.0 microgram/ml blocks the cell multiplication. This effect is concentration-dependent, only partially reversible and the degree of inhibition increases with time. The synthesis of DNA and RNA is inhibited in parallel by increasing concentrations of the chemical.

Eletrogoniômetro: instrumento para análise quantitativa da marcha / Electrogoniometer: an instrument for quantitative analysis of gait

Descreve-se o desenvolvimento de uma técnica de medida para análise quantitativa dos parâmetros angulares da marcha humana. Resultados de mediçöes da marcha efetuados em indivíduos normais säo apresentados. Discute-se a logística experimental, assim como formas de diagramas do tipo ângulo x ângulo, onde se pode evidenciar as condiçöes de simetria dos movimentos articulares

Aneurismas de las arterias gastroduodenal y pancreaticoduodenales. Procedimientos quirurgicos. / Aneurysm of gastroduodenal and pancreatoduodenal arteries. Surgical procedures

Se presentan 3 pacientes con aneurismas de las arterias gastroduodenal y pancreaticoduodenal. Se hacen algunas consideraciones respecto a las modalidades tecnicas que el cirujano puede utilizar en el tratamiento de la afeccion

Cirugia carotidea sin shunt. / Carotid surgery without shunt

Se analizan los resultados obtenidos en una serie de 132 intervenciones efectuadas sin "shunt" interno en la que solo fallecio 1 enfermo (hipertension arterial incontrolable). Tuvieron deficit neurologico transitorio 3 pacientes (2,2%) y definitivo 2 (1,5%). El tiempo de oclusion carotidea vario entre 3' y 9' en el 85% de las operaciones y entre 9 y 19' en el 15% restante. De acuerdo a estos resultados los autores consideran que la endarterectomia carotidea realizada con anestesia general, ligera hipertension arterial, en normocarbia, sin "shunt" intraarterial, permite sostener la opinion que el procedimiento es sencillo, pudiendo efectuar minuciosa correccion de la patologia presente, con indice de seguridad simulares o mejores que con otras tecnicas, incluindo el "shunt" interno, aun en pacientes en que este estaria teoricamente indicado

Las anastomosis mesentericocavas en el tratamiento quirurgico de la hipertension portal. / The mesentericocaval anastomosis in the surgical treatment of portal hypertension

Se presentan y analizan 25 pacientes sometidos a 26 anastomosis mesentericocavas;en 6 casos se realizo la tecnica de Marlon Claworthy y en 19 la de Drapanas con interposicion de protesis en H. Se aboga por esta ultima tecnica en indicaciones electivas, entre las cuales los autores tienen 2 decesos en 17 casos. Se discuten los factores que permiten aseverar que la tecnica comentada satisface de similar manera que otras la derivacion portosistemica