[Examination of the anthraquinone composition in root-stock and root samples of Rubia tinctorium L. plants of different origins]. / Az antrakinon-osszetétel vizsgálata különbözo származású Rubia tinctorum L. növények gyöktörzs- es gyökérmintában.

The aim of our work was to identify the anthraquinone derivatives in the underground organs (root-stock and root) of the madder root live plant sortiment Rubia tinctorium L, furthermore to isolate populations the anthraquinone compostitions of which are optimal from therapeutical point of view. In the course of the examinations, we studied the anthraquinone composition in root-stock and root samples of plants originating from 11 different habitats. The identification of the anthraquinone derivatives we carried out after the hydrolysis of these samples with HCl solution, by HPLC method and by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection. In the samples we identified 6 anthraquinone-aglicones. The main components were alizarin (9.6-21.8 mg/g), purpurin (3.7-12.3 mg/g), and lucidin (1.8-5.7 mg/g). The total anthraquinone-derivative content varied between 15.6 and 39.4 mg/g. After the evaluation of the results it can be stated that from therapeutical point of view the most favourable biggest ratio of total anthraquinone amount/lucidin amount (11.97) and one of the biggest total anthraquinone-derivative contents (38.1 mg/g) are found in the Rubia tinctorium sample marked R02 originating from Aachen (Germany). These results enable us at the same time to find--through the establishment of further collections and through the exploration of the biodiversity of these--basic material with more favourable composition than at present, especially in relation to lucidin derivatives which are risk factors.

[Comparative botanical and phytochemical investigations on the Gentiana species native to Hungary]. / Osszehasonlító botanikai és növenykémiai vizsgálatok a Magyarországon honos Gentiana fajokkal.

The aim of this work was to compare the three Gentiana species native to Hungary (Gentiana asclepiadea L., Gentiana pneumonanthe L. and Gentiana cruciata L.--all protected) based on their botanical and phytochemical properties. Furthermore we planned the exploration of the biodiversity of these species and the examination of the correlations of the variable elements observed to establish the importance of these factors. Morphological, histological and phytochemical investigations were made. A new analytical method was developed through the systematic optimization of sample preparation and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) separation. The results of the morphological, histological and phytochemical investigations were analysed by multivariate exploratory techniques. Based on our results, the investigated species can be distinguished as they are strongly heterogenous regarding certain morphological, histological and phytochemical characteristics. We made the first study on the biodiversity of these Gentiana species in their whole habitat in Hungary. Based on the results of the investigations mentioned above, distinct interspecific variability was found, in addition some results showed significant intraspecific variability as well. Numerous correlations were revealed between the variable characteristics, for example significant relationship was found between the average gentiopicroside content of the underground parts of Gentiana cruciata on the biotopes and the slope of the biotope. The knowledge of this variability and these correlations can be a benefit during the introduction and the improvement of medicinal plants with high contents of agents.