Incidental finding of an ectopic b2 thymoma attached to the pericardium.

Ectopic thymoma is a rare tumor that arises from the abnormal migration of thymus tissue. They are extremely rare and have a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis is complex and can be easily misdiagnosed. Complete resection is the treatment of choice to avoid recurrence, radiotherapy and enhanced survival. Regretfully, many patients arrive at a late stage, limiting our therapeutic options; therefore, pre-operative diagnosis is vital. We present the case of an otherwise healthy 32-year-old woman; after a chest X-ray was done for a routine medical evaluation, a mass was discovered in her mediastinum. After surgery, a B2 thymoma attached to the pericardium was discovered and successfully treated.

Dysphagia lusoria in a young patient with a concomitant aortic arch anomaly, successfully treated with surgery: a case report.

Dysphagia is a common condition in clinical practice; however, an unusual type of dysphagia due to compression of the esophagus by an abnormal right subclavian artery may be discovered in a rare subset of patients. The prognosis and treatment will depend on the severity of the symptoms and the compromise of surrounding structures. We present the case of an 18-year-old female who presented with gradually progressive dysphagia. At first, it was treated as gastroesophageal reflux disease; nonetheless, the dysphagia became severe, and after a thorough evaluation, an aberrant right subclavian artery that compressed the esophagus was discovered along with a truncus bicaroticus. She was successfully treated with surgery without any complications. On follow-ups, she's doing well.

'Chest gossypiboma after spinal surgery, not so easy to forget'.

During any surgical procedure, complications may arise, some of which are fortuitous, whereas others, unfortunately, occur because of errors of the surgical team. Fortunately, most are minor and do not affect the patient's recovery, but others can cause severe morbidity and even mortality. A retained cotton or gauze surgical sponge inadvertently left in the body during an operation is known as a gossypiboma. This dreadful oversight is a marked complication that can cause serious postoperative complications, a severe economic burden on the healthcare system, and many medicolegal implications. We report the case of a 30-year-old male, who suffered a spinal fracture which was repaired through an anterior fixation approach 12 years ago in a local state hospital without complications. Suddenly, he presented with chest pain and cough, and sought medical attention. An 8 × 5 × 8 cm low-density heterogeneous mass was discovered on his chest; after successful surgery, a gossypiboma formed by several gauzes without radiopaque markers was discovered.

Paget-Schroetter syndrome in an active young female after unsupervised exercise.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare syndrome caused by compression of one of the three neurovascular structures in their passage from the cervical area toward the axilla and proximal arm either at the interscalene triangle, the costoclavicular triangle, or the sub coracoid space. The mainstay of management is nonsurgical; however, surgery may be needed when patients persist with symptoms despite conservative management and when vascular structures are involved. Symptoms are non-specific and require high clinical awareness since this pathology tends to affect otherwise healthy young patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 45-year-old female without any past medical history. She was active and did plenty of exercises. After a high-intensity routine without any guidance, she presented with acute upper limb swelling with pain. After further examination, a venous thoracic outlet syndrome was identified and treated without complications. CLINICAL DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: Venous TOS is a rare pathology associated with high long-term morbidity and disability if left untreated; heightened clinical awareness of the possibility of acute thrombosis obstructing venous return and producing these rare symptoms should lead the medical team to assess the patient further and lead to the appropriate medical and surgical intervention.

Case Report: Desmoid fibromatosis in the mediastinum of a 6-month-old toddler, what to do?

Desmoid fibromatosis is a rare, aggressive borderline lesion arising from soft tissues. Treatment will depend on the structures that the tumor has involved. Surgery with negative margins is the recommended strategy as it can usually achieve disease control; however, the tumor's location sometimes does not allow it. Therefore, a combination of medical therapies along with strict surveillance is crucial. We present the case of a 6-month-old boy with a chest mass. After further evaluation, a rapidly growing mediastinal mass involving the sternum and costal cartilage was detected. Desmoid fibromatosis was the final diagnosis.

COVID-19 infection and cardiac angiosarcoma: a dangerous combination-a case report.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has strained all medical systems, especially in countries like Ecuador, where health services were already limited. These conditions, combined with a deadly and unusual disease, like primary heart angiosarcoma, can lead to severe outcomes. Angiosarcomas represent the most common and aggressive primary malignant heart tumor; regretfully, its clinical manifestations are vague and can be easily missed. Most patients become symptomatic when there is local invasion, embolization, or metastases, leading to late diagnosis and poor survival. High clinical awareness, adequate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are vital in these rare diseases, in which time is of paramount importance. Case presentation: We report the case of a 28-year-old female who had cough, hemoptysis, and ground-glass opacities in the CT (computed tomography). Since Ecuador is in the middle of this pandemic, she was misdiagnosed and mistreated. Primary heart angiosarcoma was diagnosed, and regretfully, the patient suffered multiple complications due to diagnosis and died. Conclusion: To this day, most cardiac angiosarcomas are found in a late-stage with distal metastasis and advanced local invasion. Sadly, this tumor is frequently missed due to its incidence and broad-spectrum of clinical symptoms. Considering that its manifestations can be misleading, misdiagnosis can occur, especially in pandemic times. Therefore, knowledge of other pathologies prevents COVID-19 from overshadowing other diagnoses, hence preventing delayed diagnosis or even misdiagnosis and consequent adverse outcomes for patients. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43057-021-00042-7.

Antiphospholipid syndrome and valvular heart disease, a complex scenario of thrombotic events, a case report.

BACKGROUND: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare coagulation disorder associated with thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and valvular heart disease. During valvular replacement surgery, the high risk of thrombosis combined with the operative risks in these specific groups of patients poses a challenge to the medical team. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a female patient with APS and mixed aortic valve disease. During surgery, she suddenly developed complete cardiac arrest. Three months later, after she recovered, and while she was still on close follow up, a thrombotic event caused myocardial infarction. After prompt and precise treatment, the patient successfully recovered; one year after surgery patient is doing well. CONCLUSION: Adequate surgical technique along with optimal anticoagulation strategies and long term follow up are of paramount importance to ensure an uneventful recovery. A multidisciplinary team is required to manage these complex scenarios and high-risk patients.

Abnormal development of the inferior vena cava and its implications on distal venous drainage during cardiac surgery and other clinical entities.

Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are caused by an abnormal persistence or regression of embryonic precursor veins; they are usually incidental findings on imaging studies. These rare conditions have a 0.6% prevalence in individuals with congenital heart diseases and 0.3% in healthy patients. The purpose of this paper was to report two cases of interruption of IVC with hemiazygos continuation and its implications during surgery, highlighting that after recognizing this anomalous drainage the surgeon should be prepared to change the surgical strategies, especially in cardiovascular surgery, in order to obtain adequate circulatory flows or surgical exposure where venous cannulation could be difficult. We have also reported two cases of healthy patients with the same isolated IVC anomaly with no clinical repercussions, which can develop in the future.

Asphyxia Caused by a Giant Fibrovascular Polyp of the Esophagus.

Fibrovascular polyps (FVPs) are rare, benign tumors of the esophagus; they usually appear as an intraluminal mass within the esophagus, which can grow and reach enormous sizes if left untreated. They can cause a variety of symptoms, from mild dysphagia to life-threatening asphyxia. Diagnosis is challenging because FVPs can resemble any respiratory condition, which can lead to misdiagnosis and potentially dangerous therapies. We present a 47-year-old man who suffered from recurrent episodes of odynophagia. This time he suffered an incident of severe asphyxia and loss of consciousness. After complementary examinations, an FVP was detected and successfully treated.

Young male survivor of a spontaneous left main coronary artery dissection treated with surgery.

Spontaneous dissection of the coronary arteries is a rare disease with a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from angina to myocardial infarction (MI); its pathophysiology has not yet been fully established. In this paper, we present the case of a 31-year-old male with an acute coronary syndrome. The initial results of the electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes were consistent with MI. However, a coronary angio-tomography revealed a dissection of the left main coronary artery and the patient underwent emergent surgery with coronary artery bypass grafting. The treatment of spontaneous dissection of the coronary arteries depends on the anatomical location and the patient's clinical presentation. Coronary revascularization is associated with good results.

Azygous vein laceration secondary to blunt thoraco-abdominal trauma.

Less than 25 cases of azygous vein lacerations secondary to blunt trauma have been published in the medical literature, most of these injuries were resulting from motor vehicle accidents, but have been described due to falls or assaults. These lesions should be considered as thoracic great vessels injuries and if not recognized promptly carry a high morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a young male involved in a high-speed car collision, admitted to the emergency room in an unstable condition secondary to hypovolemic shock due to azygous vein injury. The patient underwent emergent right antero-lateral thoracotomy followed by sternotomy for surgical control of the vascular injury and resuscitation. Laparotomy and splenectomy were also required, the abdomen was closed. The thoracic cavity was left packed and closure was delayed for 48 h. The patient survived and was transferred to another hospital seven days later.

Esophageal perforation during gastric bypass: delayed diagnosis and management.

Mediastinitis secondary to esophageal perforation is usually a life-threatening problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present a 44-year-old morbidly obese female who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass, during which she suffered perforation of the distal thoracic esophagus diagnosed 5 days later during progression of mediastinitis. She was treated with left posterolateral thoracotomy, drainage of a peri-esophageal abscess and primary repair of the esophagus with intercostal muscle reinforcement, and cervical esophagostomy. Thereafter, she had an uneventful hospital course, and remains well on 12-month follow-up.