[HUMAN SCABIES IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF PARAKOU (BENIN): EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS IN 2022]. / Gale humaine en population générale à Parakou (Bénin) : aspects épidémiologique et clinique en 2022.

Introduction: La gale, "maladie tropicale négligée" depuis 2017, est un problème de santé publique dans de nombreuses régions tropicales. L'objectif était d'étudier les aspects épidémiologique et clinique de la gale humaine en population générale à Parakou en 2022. Méthodes: Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive et à visée analytique menée à Parakou du 16 mai au 26 juin 2022. Un échantillonnage par sondage en grappes a été réalisé et l'analyse des données a été effectuée avec le logiciel Epi info version 7.2.4. Résultats: Au total, 727 sujets ont été enquêtés et 653 répondaient aux critères d'inclusion parmi lesquels 49 présentaient la gale humaine (7,5%). Parmi ces derniers, une prédominance masculine 51,1% a été observée (sex-ratio 1,23). L'âge moyen était de 21,4±14,4 ans avec des extrêmes de 1 et 70 ans. Le prurit généralisé est observé chez tous avec une notion de contage familial dans 40,8% des cas. La vésicule perlée était le principal signe (77,1%) et les mains constituaient le siège de prédilection des lésions cutanées (79,2%). Le bas niveau d'instruction universitaire (p=0,027), l'utilisation de lait corporel dépigmentant (p=0,023), les faibles fréquences de changement de vêtements (p=0,034) et de la literie (p=0,001) ainsi que le nombre élevé de personnes par lit (p=0,001) étaient les principaux facteurs associés. Conclusion: La prévalence de la gale humaine demeure non négligeable à Parakou. Il urge d'œuvrer à divers niveaux pour limiter sa propagation au sein de la population béninoise. Mots clés: Gale, épidémiologie, clinique, Parakou.

Comorbidities and Environmental Factors Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults in Dermatology-Venereology in Cotonou, Benin.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this work was to document the comorbidities and environmental factors associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) in dermatology Venereology in Cotonou. METHODS: A cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study included, from January 2016 to December 2018, in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the National Teaching Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou, children and adults after free and informed consent, in whom the diagnosis of AD was retained according to the criteria of the United Kingdom Working Party. Severity was assessed using SCORAD (severity scoring of atopic dermatitis). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of AD was 7.7%. AD was more frequent in children (56.8% and 40.6%) and adults (59.8% and 37.4%) from urban and periurban areas (0.003 < p < 0.034). It was more frequent in children who regularly dewormed and those with complete vaccination (0.001 < p < 0.01). In 54.8% of children and 58.9% of adults, flare-ups occurred during the warm season. The main associated comorbidities were rhinitis and conjunctivitis in both children (49.7% and 36.1%, respectively) and adults (32.7% and 26.2%, respectively). The main triggering factors in children were heat (43.2%), pneumallergens (28.4%), and skin irritants (22.6%). In adults, we noted skin irritants (58.9%), heat (47.7%), and psychological factors (34.6%). In adults, the use of detergent soaps was associated with lichenified and severe AD (0.003 < p < 0.006) and that of lightening soaps with acute AD (p=0.042). CONCLUSION: AD in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou was associated with comorbidities. It was influenced by environmental factors related to the tropical climate and by skin irritants or allergens.

Prurit généralisé sine materia en dermatologie à Cotonou (Bénin) / Generalized sine materia pruritus in dermatology in Cotonou

Introduction. Le prurit généralisé sine materia peut altérer la qualité de vie des patients. L'objectif de cette étude était d'en documenter les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et étiologiques en dermatologie à Cotonou. Méthodes.Une étude rétrospective et descriptive a été réalisée dans le service de dermatologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou du 1er janvier 2009 au 31 décembre 2018. Elle a inclus tous les patients chez qui le diagnostic de prurit généralisé sine materia était retenu sur la base d'arguments cliniques. En cas d'orientation clinique, un examen paraclinique à visée étiologique était demandé. Résultats.La prévalence du prurit généralisé sine materia était de 1,2% (126 cas/10627 consultants). Les adultes jeunes de 31-50 ans (34,1%) et les sujets âgés de plus de 60 ans (15,1%) étaient les plus atteints. La sex-ratio était de 1,1. Le prurit était le plus souvent chronique (80,2%), d'intensité légère à modérée (83,3%), intermittent (71,4%) et sans horaire (77,8%). Les principales étiologies retrouvées étaient l'eau (32,5%), les savons irritants (30,2%), la xérose cutanée (18,3%), la sénescence (12,7%). Les maladies internes ont été retrouvées dans 28,6% des cas. Dans 4% des cas, aucune étiologie n'a été retrouvée. Conclusion. Le prurit généralisé sine materia en dermatologie à Cotonou était plus fréquent chez les adultes jeunes et les sujets âgés. Les étiologies étaient dominées par les facteurs environnementaux et les anomalies physiologiques cutanées.

Epidemic, Endemic, or Stewart-Bluefarb? When Several Forms of Kaposi Seem to Dispute Paternity.

The role of human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) is demonstrated in the occurrence of Kaposi's disease, but the role of cofactors is still hardly known. We report a case of Kaposi's disease which occurred 10 years after a local trauma in an HIV-positive patient from Central Africa. A 38-year-old female, from and living in Central Africa, consulted for angiomatous papulo-nodules associated with purple-colored macules and painful lymphoedema of the right leg and foot that had been developing for 6 months. She reported a history of posttraumatic lymphoedema of the affected limb as a result of a road accident that occurred ten years earlier. The mucous were healthy. There was no sign of systemic lesions. The diagnosis of Kaposi's disease was evoked with, in differential, a Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome-type of pseudo-Kaposi and an epidemic Kaposi disease. Retroviral serology was positive to HIV1 with a CD4 count of 600 cells/mm3. Histopathology of the lesions and duplex ultrasonography could not be performed. The rest of the biological assessment was without particularity. The diagnosis of epidemic Kaposi's disease associated with cofactors involved in endemic Kaposi's disease and Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome was retained. An antiretroviral treatment (emtricitabine, tenofovir, and efavirenz) allowed to obtain after 6 months a noticeable improvement of the lesions and a disappearance of the pain with however the persistence of a residual lymphoedema. This is a special case of Kaposi's disease that seems to involve several factors. The role of cofactors in Kaposi's disease remains to be elucidated.

Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Dermatoses Observed in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients at the National Teaching Hospital (NTH-HKM) of Cotonou, Benin.

Introduction. Dermatological damage in chronic hemodialysis patients is not uncommon. In Benin, to date, no study on the dermatological manifestations of chronic hemodialysis patients has been carried out. However, the presence of cutaneous signs is evident in these patients, and the need for dermatological care is not negligible. The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological and clinical profile of the main dermatological manifestations presented by chronic hemodialysis patients at the NTH-HKM of Cotonou (Benin). METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in chronic hemodialysis patients from May 15th to September 15th, 2018. Included were all patients seen during the study period who had been on hemodialysis for at least three months, had at least one dermatological manifestation, and gave verbal or written consent. Chronic hemodialysis patients who did not wish to participate in the survey were excluded. RESULTS: 87 patients were included in the study for a hospital frequency of 33.8%. The sex ratio (male to female) was 2. The median age was 49 years (IQ [40.75-59]). Median age in hemodialysis was 36 months with two weekly sessions. The main dermatological manifestations were xerosis (48.3%), pruritus (34.5%), alopecia (14%), nail dystrophy (9.2%), equisegmented nails (8%), and melanoderma (8%). Pruritus was associated with a longer duration of hemodialysis sessions (p=0.01), while xerosis, alopecia, and melanoderma were associated with seniority in hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous manifestations in hemodialysis patients were frequent and dominated by xerosis, pruritus, and alopecia. Factors associated with some of these dermatologic manifestations were seniority in hemodialysis, long duration of the hemodialysis session, and female gender.

Disseminated and ulcerative basidiobolomycosis simulating a Buruli ulcer in an immunocompetent girl in Southern Benin.

Basidiobolomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis, for which non-specific clinical presentation can be a source of diagnostic wandering. A 5-year-old girl was brought for consultation with chronic ulcers of the pelvic limbs evolving for 8 months. The lesions started when the girl was 18 months old with a painless, pruritic nodule of the right buttock, indurated placard following progressive extension to the pelvic limbs, back and abdomen, and secondarily ulcerated in several places. On examination, there was an alteration of the general condition, a large, indurated and erythematous plaque, with sharp edges. On this plaque, there were nodular lesions and necrotic ulcers, with detached margins. The left knee was blocked in flexion. Ziehl staining and polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium ulcerans were negative. The histopathological picture was suggestive of basidiobolomycosis. The evolution was favorable after giving her ketoconazole (100mg per day) for 14 weeks associated with surgery and physiotherapy. This clinical case confirms the difficulties in diagnosing basidiobolomycosis, especially in endemic areas of Buruli ulcer.

[Scalp disorders in black Africans treated in a dermatology department in Cotonou (Benin): age-sex-specific epidemiological and clinical features]. / Pathologies du cuir chevelu chez le Noir africain en dermatologie à Cotonou (Bénin): aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques en fonction du sexe et de l´âge.

INTRODUCTION: scalp disorders are related to several factors including ethnicity, gender or age. In black people, they can be caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Very few studies have been conducted in this ethnic group residing in black Africa, hence the purpose of our survey was to highlight the epidemiological and clinical features of age-sex-specific scalp disorders in patients treated in a dermatology department in Cotonou (Benin). METHODS: we conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of all the medical records of new patients coming to consultation in the dermatology department at the National Hospital and University Center (CNHU) of Cotonou over a period of seven years. The main reason for consultation was scalp disorder. Data on epidemiological and clinical features were collected and analyzed with the EPI-Info 7 software. RESULTS: prevalence of scalp disorders was 2.4% (181/7554). Children (0-18 years) accounted for 38.7% (70 patients) and adults 61.3% (111 patients). Children aged 0-10 (54; 29.8%) and adults aged 25-40 (51; 28,2%) were the most affected. Sex ratio was 1.8. Non-alopecizing dermatosis was diagnosed in 10; 5.5% of cases while alopecizing dermatosis in 171 patients (94.5%), of whom 82.9% (151/171) had non-scarring dermatosis and 11.7% (20/171) had scarring dermatosis. The most common conditions were ringworm (41; 22.6%), mainly occurring in 0-10-year-old boys, chronic non-scarring folliculitis (39; 21.5%) mainly occurring in 0-5-year-old boys and 19-40-year-old men, pelade (38; 21%) occurring in both male and female sexes, especially between the ages of 6-10 and 25-40, traction alopecia (17; 9.4%) occurring exclusively in women and mainly in the 25-40-year-old age group, fibrous folliculitis at the nape of the neck (12; 6.6%) occurring exclusively in men from 19 to 50 years, trichotillomania (9; 5%) occurring in both male and female sexes, mainly in children aged 6-10 years and in adults aged 25-40 years, Quinquaud folliculitis decalvans (6; 3.3%) occurring uniformly in both male and female sexes and mainly between 25-40 years of age. CONCLUSION: scalp disorders mainly affect male patients before puberty and young adults. They were arranged in descending order in non-scarring alopecizing dermatoses, scarring alopecia and non-alopecizing dermatoses.

Prurigo in Children of Tropical Zone: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Etiological Characteristics in a Dermatology Department in Cotonou (Benin).

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this work is to document the epidemiological, clinical, and etiological features of prurigo in children. METHODS: This is a descriptive and retrospective study done from January 2013 to September 2018 in the Dermatology Department of National and Teaching Hospital HKM of Cotonou. All children from 0-18 years diagnosed clinically with prurigo were the study sample. Visual analog scale was used to assess the severity of pruritus. The data were entered and analyzed with EpiData and Epi Info 7 software. RESULTS: The prevalence of prurigo was 14.9% (234/1565) in the pediatric population. The mean age of the children at the onset of the disease was 5.4 years ± 4.9 years. Their sex ratio was 0.8. Pruritus was reported in 97.8% of cases; it was moderate in 50% and severe in 50%. Several phenotypes were described, including erosivo-crusted prurigo (36.3%) and papulo-vesicular prurigo (32%). Frequently observed clinical forms were chronic (44.4%), acute (38.9%), impetiginized (8.1%), and lichenified (4.3%). Prurigo predominated on the lower limbs (74.8%), upper limbs (47.9%), and buttocks and trunk (24.8% each). The main etiologies were prurigo strophulus (PS) (55.5%), scabiosis (20.5%), prurigo of Besnier (10.7%), and hookworm cutaneous larva migrans (HCLM) (8.5%). The PS was seasonal (p=0.036), while prurigo of Besnier, scabies, and HCLM were perennial. CONCLUSION: The main etiologies of prurigo in the study participants were PS, prurigo of Besnier, scabiosis, and HCLM. It affected with predilection the limbs of children of less than 5 years. Prurigo was almost always itchy and often evolved in an acute or chronic mode.

Un cas de polysensibilisation à neuf allergènes de contact au Bénin

Introduction : La polysensibilisation est définie par une réaction positive à au moins trois allergènes de contact chez la même personne. Nous rapportons ici le premier cas de polysensibilisation à neuf allergènes de contact observé dans notre pays. Observation : il s'agissait d'un cas de patch-test réalisé chez un homme de 35 ans qui était suivi pour un eczéma chronique récidivant des mains et des pieds sur un terrain d'atopie. Résultat : la lecture faite à 48 h et à 96 h a objectivé une polysensibilisation à neuf allergènes de contact. Discussion : Il s'agit du premier cas de polysensibilisation à neuf allergènes de contact décrit au Bénin. Dans une publication récente nous avions présenté les trois cas de polysensibilisation à six allergènes de contact observés dans notre pays. Conclusion : l'originalité de cette observation réside à la fois dans le nombre impressionnant d'allergènes de contact positifs et dans la forte intensité de ces réactions pour les neufs allergènes

A case of reccuring giant condyloma of vulva in infant without sexual abuse successfully treated with electrocoagulation in Benin.

We report here a case of giant vulval condyloma in a two-year-old infant infected by her "baby sitter" without sexual abuse. Treated by surgical excision coupled with electrocoagulation, it was noted a rapid recurrence two weeks after treatment requiring a second electrocoagulation session. More than a year later, no lesion was noted, thus demonstrating therapeutic success. The unavailability of imiquimod in our context requires a systematic use of invasive treatment regardless of the age of the patient.

Vitiligo on black skin: epidemiological and clinical aspects in dermatology, Cotonou (Benin).

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is unsightly on darkly pigmented skin and leads important stigmatization because of the mix-up with leprosy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the epidemiological and clinical patterns of vitiligo on darkly pigmented skin between 1988 and 2008 in the Department of Dermatology in Cotonou (Benin). The diagnosis was made based on the clinical characteristics of vitiligo. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-six patients were seen, representing 0.9% of new consultations. The gender ratio was 1 : 1, and the mean age of patients was 25.9 years. The mean duration of the lesions was 30.9 months. Among the 246 patients, an associated pathology was found in 26% of cases. These included atopy (23.2%), diabetes (1.6%), thyroid disease (0.8%), and alopecia (0.4%). A family history of vitiligo was present in 1.2% of cases. The sites of the lesions were in descending order of frequency: head (60.6%), lower limbs (40.2%), upper limbs (33.3%), trunk (22.4%), genitals (13.0%), and neck (8.9%). On the head, the most common sites affected were the lips (65.1%), cheek (20.8%), and ears (16.8%). According to the different clinical forms, vitiligo was achromic (76%), speckled (12.6%), and trichromic (11.4%). Vitiligo vulgaris was the commonest form of the disease (52.4%), followed by localized vitiligo (36.2%), segmental vitiligo (9.8%), and vitiligo universalis (1.6%). Triggering factors were identified in 4.5% of patients. CONCLUSION: Our survey shows that the patterns of vitiligo are similar to that reported from other African countries with a few distinguishing particularities.

Allergènes de contact au Bénin: études transversale à propos de 30 cas

Dans une étude transversale portant sur 30 patch-tests réalisés sur trois ans dans un cabinet privé de Dermatologie au Bénin, le taux de positivité était de 90% avec un sex ratio de 1,7. Les quatre allergènes les plus souvent positifs étaient : Paraphénylène diamine, Baume de Pérou, Bichromate de potassium et Sesquiterpène lactone Mix