[Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Health Workers During the Second Year of the Pandemic in Latin America: Cross-Sectional Survey Study]. / Impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en los trabajadores sanitarios durante el segundo año de pandemia en Latinoamérica: estudio de encuesta transversal.

Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic continues to affect the mental health of healthcare personnel in Latin America (LA). Objective: To estimate the prevalence of psychological disturbances and associated risk factors for mental health in healthcare personnel in LA during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This multicenter cross-sectional study included a total sample of 5437 healthcare professionals from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and a brief demographic questionnaire were used. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was estimated based on the cut-off points of the instruments. Two multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Results: A population burden of anxiety (40.1%) and depression (62.2%) was found in healthcare personnel in LA. Among professionals in Argentina (OR = 1.374; P<.001), those working in state hospitals (OR = 1.536; P<.003), frontline healthcare workers for COVID patients (OR = 1.848; P<.001), general practitioners (OR = 1.335; P<.001), and specialists (OR = 1.298; P<.001), a higher risk of experiencing mental disorders was observed. Among women, younger personnel, and administrative staff, a higher probability of experiencing anxiety and depression was identified. Conclusions: The burden of mental disorders on healthcare personnel in Latin America is alarming. Psychological support services are necessary, aimed at providing measures for professionals to develop healthy coping mechanisms that mitigate the impact of the pandemic on their well-being and facilitate post-crisis adjustment.

Measuring geospatial healthcare access to primary level facilities in Mexico: a GIS-based diagnosis analysis.

To describe a general overview of health services delivery in Mexico and geospatially analyze the current distribution and accessibility of Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities to contribute to new approaches to improve healthcare planning in Mexico. We performed a spatial analysis of official data to analyze current distances from health facilities to population, to determine the underserved areas of health services delivery in three selected states using a ranking of indicators. We estimated service area coverage of PHC facilities with road networks of three Mexican states (Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca). Our estimations provide an overview of spatial access to healthcare of the Mexican population in Mexico's three most impoverished states. We did not consider social security nor private providers. Geospatial access to health facilities is critical to achieving PHC and adequate coverage. Countries like Mexico must measure this to identify underserved areas with a lack of geospatial access to healthcare to solve it. This type of analysis provides critical information to help decision-makers decide where to build new health facilities to increase effective geospatial access to care and to achieve Universal Health Coverage.

Measuring geospatial healthcare access to primary level facilities in Mexico: a GIS-based diagnosis analysis / Medindo o acesso geoespacial da assistência médica a instalações de nível primário no México: uma análise de diagnóstico baseada em sistemas de informação geográfica

Abstract To describe a general overview of health services delivery in Mexico and geospatially analyze the current distribution and accessibility of Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities to contribute to new approaches to improve healthcare planning in Mexico. We performed a spatial analysis of official data to analyze current distances from health facilities to population, to determine the underserved areas of health services delivery in three selected states using a ranking of indicators. We estimated service area coverage of PHC facilities with road networks of three Mexican states (Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca). Our estimations provide an overview of spatial access to healthcare of the Mexican population in Mexico's three most impoverished states. We did not consider social security nor private providers. Geospatial access to health facilities is critical to achieving PHC and adequate coverage. Countries like Mexico must measure this to identify underserved areas with a lack of geospatial access to healthcare to solve it. This type of analysis provides critical information to help decision-makers decide where to build new health facilities to increase effective geospatial access to care and to achieve Universal Health Coverage.

Resumo Descrever uma visão geral da prestação de serviços de saúde no México e analisar geoespacialmente a atual distribuição e acessibilidade das unidades de APS para contribuir com novas abordagens para melhorar o planejamento da saúde no México. Realizamos uma análise espacial de dados oficiais para analisar as distâncias atuais das unidades de saúde à população, para determinar as áreas descobertas de prestação de serviços de saúde em 3 estados selecionados usando uma classificação de indicadores. Estimamos a cobertura da área de serviço das unidades de APS com redes viárias de 3 estados do México (Chiapas, Guerrero e Oaxaca). Nossas estimativas fornecem uma visão geral do acesso espacial à saúde da população mexicana nos três estados mais pobres do México. Não consideramos seguridade social nem prestadores privados. O acesso geoespacial às unidades de saúde é fundamental para alcançar a cobertura universal de saúde e uma cobertura eficaz. Países, como o México, devem medir isso para identificar áreas não merecidas com falta de acesso geoespacial à saúde para resolvê-lo. Os governos devem gerar políticas e mecanismos para distribuir efetivamente novas instalações de saúde para aumentar o acesso geoespacial efetivo à saúde, bem como para evitar instalações de saúde não planejadas.

Moyamoya disease / Enfermedad de Moyamoya

Moyamoya disease is a chronic neurovascular disease characterized by progressive bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid arteries with abnormal formation of new abnormal blood vessels whose blockage of blood flow causes a variety of clinical manifestations and complications associated with acute cerebrovascular events (ischemic or hemorrhagic), which may even be fatal. This article seeks to describe this entity, its incidence, prevalence, forms of presentation, therapeutic measures and prognosis through a clinical case report. (Acta Med Colomb 2020; 45. DOI:http://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2020.1424).

La enfermedad de Moyamoya es una enfermedad neurovascular crónica caracterizada por una estenosis progresiva bilateral de las arterias carótidas internas, con la formación anormal de nuevos vasos sanguíneos, cuyo bloqueo en flujo sanguíneo ocasiona variadas manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones asociadas a eventos cerebrovasculares (isquémicos o hemorrágicos) agudos que pueden llegar a ser incluso mortales. El presente artículo pretende realizar una aproximación acerca de esta entidad, su incidencia, prevalencia, formas de presentación y medidas terapéuticas y pronostico mediante el reporte de un caso clínico.(Acta Med Colomb 2020; 45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2020.1424).