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1.
Rev. esp. med. prev. salud pública ; 23(3): 21-28, 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180098

RESUMO

Objetivo: Investigar la cobertura mediática y el contenido de los mensajes comunicados por la prensa escrita ante el caso de un menor no vacunado, fallecido por difteria en España en junio de 2015. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, basado en el análisis de contenido de las noticias publicadas en los 6 periódicos nacionales de mayor difusión, del 1 al 30 de junio de 2015. Se analizó también el tipo de titular, la ubicación y extensión de la noticia, la existencia de fotografías e infografías, y el día de la semana de publicación. Resultados: Se identificaron 40 noticias relacionadas; 5 de ellas fueron portada (13%), 27 (68%) se publicaron en días laborables, y 5 (13%) contenían infografías. Se observaron importantes cambios cronológicos, tanto en la extensión como en la cobertura y el contenido de las noticias relacionadas. Conclusiones: La cobertura mediática y el tipo de mensajes difundidos presentó importantes áreas de mejora. El modo y frecuencia de difusión de noticias de relevancia sanitaria condicionan el éxito de autoridades y profesionales de la salud en el control de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. Es crucial la olaboración mutua con los profesionales de la comunicación, para asegurar una información sanitaria útil, completa, contrastada y veraz


Objective: To investigate the media coverage and content of the messages communicated by the written press in the case of an unvaccinated minor, who died of diphtheria in Spain in June 2015. Methods: Qualitative study, based on content analysis of news published in 2015 in the 6 most widely distributed national newspapers, from June 1 to 30. The type of headline, the location and extent of the news, the existence of graphic support, and the day of the publication were also analyzed. Results: 40 related news were identified; 5 of them were front page (13%), 27 (68%) were published on working days, and 5 (13%) contained infographics. Important chronological changes were observed, both in the extensión, coverage and contents of the news. Conclusions: Media coverage and the type of messages disseminated presented important areas for improvement. How and how often news of high health relevance are disseminated condition significantly the success of health authorities and professionals in the control immunopreventable diseases. Mutual collaboration with communication professionals is crucial to ensure useful, complete, contrasted and truthful information


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Difteria/história , 50135 , 25783 , Espanha
2.
Rev. calid. asist ; 27(2): 103-107, mar.-abr. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99741

RESUMO

Objetivos. Estimar, mediante un sistema de vigilancia de infección nosocomial, indicadores de calidad en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Pacientes y método. Estudio prospectivo observacional incluyendo a todos los pacientes ingresados durante más de 48 horas en la UCI médica del Hospital Ramón y Cajal (Madrid) del 1 de enero de 2008 al 31 de diciembre de 2009. Resultados. Se incluyeron 503 pacientes. El 7,4% desarrolló una infección hospitalaria atribuible a su ingreso en la UCI. La mediana de estancia fue de 5 días. La incidencia acumulada de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica fue de 1,9%, con una densidad de incidencia de 3,8 por mil días de dispositivo. La incidencia acumulada de infección del tracto urinario asociada a sondaje vesical fue de 3,6%, con una densidad de incidencia de 4,5 por mil días de dispositivo. La bacteriemia asociada a catéter venoso central presentó una tasa de incidencia acumulada de 1,8% y una densidad de incidencia de 2,2 por mil días de dispositivo. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados se asemejan a los de otros estudios con metodología similar. Un sistema de vigilancia de la infección nosocomial es un punto clave para establecer un sistema de mejora de la calidad en UCI. Los indicadores obtenidos permiten compararnos con nosotros mismos a lo largo del tiempo y con otros hospitales similares, y monitorizar medidas de control de estas infecciones para reducir el riesgo de infección, y por tanto, mejorar la calidad asistencial y en definitiva la seguridad de los pacientes(AU)


Objective. To estimate quality healthcare indicators in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on all patients referred to the medical ICU of Ramón y Cajal hospital (Madrid) for more than 48hours, from January 1 2008 to December 31 2009. Results. A total of 503 patients were included, of whom 7.4% developed a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) attributable to their stay in the ICU. The median length of stay was 5 days. A ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was observed in 1.9% of patients, with a VAP rate of 3.8 per 1,000 ventilator-days. A catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was found in 3.6% of the patients, with a CAUTI rate of 4.5 per 1,000 catheter-days. The cumulative incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was 1.8%, with a CLABSI rate of 2.2 per 1,000 central line-days. Conclusions. Our results are similar to those of other studies using the same methodology. An HAI surveillance system is a key factor for implementing a healthcare quality improvement system. The obtained indicators allow intra-comparison over time and with other similar hospitals, the monitoring of infection control measures, and thus an effective improvement in healthcare quality and patient safety(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/organização & administração , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/normas , Infecções/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Cuidados Críticos/organização & administração , Cuidados Críticos/tendências , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia
3.
Rev Calid Asist ; 27(2): 103-7, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22177693

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate quality healthcare indicators in an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on all patients referred to the medical ICU of Ramón y Cajal hospital (Madrid) for more than 48 hours, from January 1 2008 to December 31 2009. RESULTS: A total of 503 patients were included, of whom 7.4% developed a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) attributable to their stay in the ICU. The median length of stay was 5 days. A ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was observed in 1.9% of patients, with a VAP rate of 3.8 per 1,000 ventilator-days. A catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was found in 3.6% of the patients, with a CAUTI rate of 4.5 per 1,000 catheter-days. The cumulative incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was 1.8%, with a CLABSI rate of 2.2 per 1,000 central line-days. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are similar to those of other studies using the same methodology. An HAI surveillance system is a key factor for implementing a healthcare quality improvement system. The obtained indicators allow intra-comparison over time and with other similar hospitals, the monitoring of infection control measures, and thus an effective improvement in healthcare quality and patient safety.


Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância da População , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Estado Terminal , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Feminino , Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/normas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Melhoria de Qualidade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Cateterismo Urinário/efeitos adversos , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia
4.
Actas urol. esp ; 35(5): 266-271, mayo 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88832

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer las tasas de infección nosocomial en cirugía abierta de próstata y valorar la aplicación de los protocolos de preparación prequirúrgica y profilaxis antibiótica preoperatoria establecidos en tres hospitales públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional multicéntrico, incluyendo a todos los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en los servicios sometidos a vigilancia e ingresados durante más de 48 horas, entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2009. Fueron vigilados desde el ingreso hasta el alta. Resultados: La tasa de infección hospitalaria observada fue del 3,38%. La infección más frecuente fue la de localización quirúrgica, con una incidencia del 2,77% (superficial = 1,23%; profunda = 0,31%; órgano-espacio = 1,23%). El porcentaje de profilaxis quirúrgicas adecuadas, tanto en indicación como en elección del antibiótico, inicio y duración, respecto a todos aquellos pacientes que la recibieron fue del 47,42%. Según los datos obtenidos de las historias clínicas el porcentaje de pacientes en los que se cumplió correctamente el protocolo de preparación prequirúrgica fue del 92%. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio multicéntrico, no sólo pueden servir como referencia a otros hospitales públicos, sino que también son comparables con otros sistemas de vigilancia internacionales. La vigilancia y control de las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria deben ser un aspecto clave en los programas de calidad asistencial y seguridad del paciente (AU)


Objectives: To know the rate of nosocomial infections in open prostate surgery and to assess the application of pre-surgery preparation and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis protocols at three public hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Materials and methods: Prospective observational and multicentre study, including all the patients operated on at the services monitored and admitted for more than 48 hours between1 January and 31 December 2009. They were monitored from admittance until their discharge. Results: The rate of hospital infection observed was 3.38%. The most frequent infection was surgical localization, with an incidence rate of 2.77% (superficial = 1.23%; deep = 0.31%; organ space= 1.23%). The percentage of appropriate surgical prophylaxis, both in the indication and in the selection of antibiotics, initiation and duration, with respect to all those patients that received it, was 47.42%. According to the data obtained from their clinical records, the percentage of patients in which the pre-surgery preparation protocol was correctly complied with, was 92%. Conclusions: The results obtained in this multicentre study can serve not only as a reference to other public hospitals, but they are also comparable to other international monitoring systems. Monitoring and controlling infections associated with healthcare must be a key aspect in Patient Care and Safety programmes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Prostatectomia/ética , Prostatectomia/história , Prostatectomia/métodos , Prostatectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Antibioticoprofilaxia/estatística & dados numéricos , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Prostatectomia/classificação , Prostatectomia/enfermagem , Prostatectomia/normas , Prostatectomia/tendências , Prostatectomia , Antibioticoprofilaxia/ética , Antibioticoprofilaxia/normas , Antibioticoprofilaxia/tendências
5.
Actas Urol Esp ; 35(5): 266-71, 2011 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21474203

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To know the rate of nosocomial infections in open prostate surgery and to assess the application of pre-surgery preparation and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis protocols at three public hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational and multicentre study, including all the patients operated on at the services monitored and admitted for more than 48 hours between 1 January and 31 December 2009. They were monitored from admittance until their discharge. RESULTS: The rate of hospital infection observed was 3.38%. The most frequent infection was surgical localization, with an incidence rate of 2.77% (superficial=1.23%; deep=0.31%; organ-space=1.23%). The percentage of appropriate surgical prophylaxis, both in the indication and in the selection of antibiotics, initiation and duration, with respect to all those patients that received it, was 47.42%. According to the data obtained from their clinical records, the percentage of patients in which the pre-surgery preparation protocol was correctly complied with, was 92%. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this multicentre study can serve not only as a reference to other public hospitals, but they are also comparable to other international monitoring systems. Monitoring and controlling infections associated with healthcare must be a key aspect in Patient Care and Safety programmes.


Assuntos
Biópsia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Próstata/patologia , Prostatectomia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Idoso , Antibioticoprofilaxia/estatística & dados numéricos , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Biópsia/efeitos adversos , Biópsia/estatística & dados numéricos , Desinfecção/estatística & dados numéricos , Desinfecção das Mãos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Prostatectomia/métodos , Prostatectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia
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