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1.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 43(8): 557-564, nov.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169261

RESUMO

Introducción. El infradiagnóstico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) debido a un escaso uso de la espirometría en atención primaria es un hecho bien conocido, pero hay menos información sobre el fenómeno del sobrediagnóstico: pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de EPOC que realmente no tienen la enfermedad. Objetivo. Principal: estimar la prevalencia del sobrediagnóstico de EPOC en el ámbito de atención primaria. Secundarios: esclarecer factores asociados al fenómeno del sobrediagnóstico y aclarar si el perfil de tratamientos prescritos difiere en pacientes con diagnóstico incorrecto. Método. Estudio observacional, prospectivo y transversal. Se realizó espirometría a 206 sujetos con diagnóstico clínico de EPOC y tratados con fármacos inhalados a los que no se les había realizado nunca esta prueba, y se compararon las características y los tratamientos de los pacientes con diagnóstico correcto y erróneo. Resultados. La prevalencia del sobrediagnóstico en la población estudiada fue de 42,7%. Los principales factores asociados a un diagnóstico erróneo de EPOC fueron el sexo femenino (p<0,0001), la presencia de obesidad (p=0,009), la ausencia de hábito tabáquico (p<0,0001), una menor edad (p=0,001) y menor grado de disnea (p=0,001). Los anticolinérgicos de larga duración fueron prescritos más frecuentemente a pacientes con diagnóstico correcto. No hubo otras diferencias en tratamientos inhalados entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones. El sobrediagnóstico de EPOC en atención primaria es un hecho frecuente en pacientes con un diagnóstico clínico de la enfermedad. Existen características diferenciales entre sujetos correcta e incorrectamente diagnosticados. La espirometría es una herramienta esencial para reducir este fenómeno (AU)


Introduction. COPD under-diagnosis is common in Primary Health Care medicine, due to the low use of spirometry, but there is less information about over-diagnosis of the disease in patients that have a clinical diagnosis of COPD. Objective. The main objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of COPD over-diagnosis in Primary Care medicine. Secondary objectives were to determine the factors associated with an incorrect clinical diagnosis of COPD and to analyse whether the pharmacological treatment is different for patients with correct or incorrect diagnosis. Method. A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using the spirometry results of 206 patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD, with no prior lung function testing, and who were treated with inhaled therapy. Characteristics and treatment of patients with a correct or incorrect COPD diagnosis were compared. Results. The prevalence of COPD over-diagnosis was 42.7% in the study population. Factors associated with an incorrect diagnosis were female sex (P<.0001), obesity (P=.009), absence of smoking history (P<.0001), lower age (P=.001), and less severe dyspnoea (P=.001). Long-acting muscarinic agents were more frequently prescribed to patients with a correct COPD diagnosis. There were no other differences regarding inhaled therapies between both groups. Conclusions. Over-diagnosis is a frequent phenomenon in patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD managed in Primary Care medicine. There are different features between patients with a correct and incorrect diagnosis. Spirometry is an essential tool to reduce COPD over-diagnosis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Espirometria , Erros de Diagnóstico/tendências , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes de Função Respiratória , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Administração por Inalação , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico
2.
Semergen ; 43(8): 557-564, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28526439

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: COPD under-diagnosis is common in Primary Health Care medicine, due to the low use of spirometry, but there is less information about over-diagnosis of the disease in patients that have a clinical diagnosis of COPD. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of COPD over-diagnosis in Primary Care medicine. Secondary objectives were to determine the factors associated with an incorrect clinical diagnosis of COPD and to analyse whether the pharmacological treatment is different for patients with correct or incorrect diagnosis. METHOD: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using the spirometry results of 206 patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD, with no prior lung function testing, and who were treated with inhaled therapy. Characteristics and treatment of patients with a correct or incorrect COPD diagnosis were compared. RESULTS: The prevalence of COPD over-diagnosis was 42.7% in the study population. Factors associated with an incorrect diagnosis were female sex (P<.0001), obesity (P=.009), absence of smoking history (P<.0001), lower age (P=.001), and less severe dyspnoea (P=.001). Long-acting muscarinic agents were more frequently prescribed to patients with a correct COPD diagnosis. There were no other differences regarding inhaled therapies between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Over-diagnosis is a frequent phenomenon in patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD managed in Primary Care medicine. There are different features between patients with a correct and incorrect diagnosis. Spirometry is an essential tool to reduce COPD over-diagnosis.


Assuntos
Erros de Diagnóstico/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Espirometria/métodos , Administração por Inalação , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colinérgicos/administração & dosagem , Estudos Transversais , Dispneia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/epidemiologia
3.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(supl.3): 1-25, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-71167

RESUMO

La obesidad mórbida es, habitualmente, refractaria a los tratamientos convencionales, por lo que la modificación de hábitos dietéticos y de actividad física y/o el uso de fármacos consiguen pérdidas de peso parciales con habitual recuperación posterior. La cirugía bariátrica constituye una opción terapéutica para los casos de obesidad con elevado índice de masa corporal(IMC) asociada a comorbilidades, con buenos resultados a corto y largo plazo. El Grupo de Trabajo sobre Obesidad de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (GOSEEN) ha elaborado un documento con recomendaciones prácticas basadas en la evidencia para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad.La revisión se estructura en 3 partes. En la primera se definen los conceptos de obesidad y comorbilidades asociadas, los tratamientos médicos y sus resultados, las indicaciones y contraindicaciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico con los criterios de selección de los pacientes, el manejo pre y perioperatorio y la valoración de grupos especiales, como adolescentes y personas de edad avanzada. En la segunda parte se describen las distintas técnicas quirúrgicas, las vías de acceso y los resultados comparativos, las complicaciones tanto a corto como a largo plazo, la repercusión de la pérdida ponderal sobre las comorbilidades y los criterios para evaluar la efectividad de la cirugía. En la tercera parte se desarrolla el seguimiento postoperatorio, el control dietético en fases tempranas y más tardías tras la cirugía, y el calendario de control médico y analítico con la suplementación de los distintos macro y micronutrientes en función de la técnica quirúrgica empleada. Se incluye un apartado final sobre gestación y cirugía bariátrica, así como tablas y gráficos complementarios al texto desarrollado. La cirugía bariátrica sigue siendo un tratamiento discutido para la obesidad, pero los resultados en la corrección del exceso ponderal con mejoría en las patologías asociadas y en la calidad de vida confirman que puede ser el tratamiento de elección en pacientes seleccionados, con la técnica quirúrgica apropiada y con un correcto control pre y postoperatorio (AU)


Morbid obesity is usually refractory to conventional treatments. Consequently, weight that is lost by modifying diet and exercise and/or the use of drugs is usually later regained. Bariatric surgery constitutes a therapeutic option in obese patients with a high body mass index associated with comorbidities and achieves good results in both the short and the long term. The Obesity Working Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition has produced a document with practical, evidence based recommendations for the surgical treatment of obesity .The review is structured in three parts. The first part defines the concepts of obesity and associated comorbidities, medical treatments, their results, and the indications and contraindications for surgical treatment, as well as the criteria for patient selection, pre- and perisurgica lmanagement, and assessment of special groups such as adolescents and the elderly. The second part discusses the different surgical techniques, approaches and comparative results, short- and long-term complications, the repercussions of weight loss on comorbidities, and the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of surgery. The third part discusses postsurgical follow-up, dietary control in the early and subsequent stages after surgery and the schedule for medical and laboratory follow-up, together with the different macro- and micronutrient supplements that should be used depending on the surgical technique employed. A final section is included on pregnancy and bariatric surgery, as well as tables and figures that complement the text. Although bariatric surgery continues to be a questionable treatment for obesity, the results correcting excess weight, with improvements in associated comorbidities and in quality of life, confirm that this option could be the treatment of choice in selected patients when the appropriate surgical technique and correct preandpostoperative follow-up are employed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Gastroplastia/métodos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Comorbidade
11.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 11(7): 452-455, oct. 2004. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-36927

RESUMO

Introducción: El hematoma epidural secundario a una anestesia neuroaxial es una complicación poco frecuente, pero de gran trascendencia tanto por sus implicaciones clínicas como por las médico legales; según algunos autores su incidencia puede oscilar entre 1/190.000-1/200.000 para las punciones peridurales y 1/320.000 en el caso de las espinales. El aspecto prioritario en su manejo terapéutico es el del diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, antes de las 6-12 primeras horas. No obstante, en determinados pacientes como en el caso que presentamos puede no ser precisa la cirugía, resolviéndose el cuadro con tratamiento conservador. Caso clínico: Varón de 73 años, ASA IV, con antecedentes de cirrosis con hipertensión portal, hiperesplenismo, EPOC, obesidad, cardiopatía hipertensiva e insuficiencia tricuspídea. Se programa para alcoholización prostática al haber sido desechada la cirugía. En la analítica preoperatoria destacaba una actividad de protrombina del 80 por ciento y 90.000 plaquetas. Se realizaron varios intentos fallidos de punción espinal, finalmente fue precisa una anestesia general con ventilación espontánea mediante mascarilla laríngea, propofol, fentanilo y sevoflurano. A las 36 horas, comienza la clínica en forma de dolor intenso lumbar, sin irradiación y arreflexia cutáneo plantar, confirmándose en la RMN la presencia de un hematoma epidural de L1 a L4. Ante la ausencia de paraparesia flácida, afectación esfinteriana u otros signos sensitivo-motores y tras consulta con la Unidad de Raquis y con el Servicio de Neurología se decide tratamiento conservador y actitud expectante en forma de analgesia y monitorización neurológica estricta, clínica y radiológica. Evolucionando favorablemente en los siguientes días. Discusión: Determinadas condiciones clínicas pueden influir en la aparición de un hematoma tras la realización de un bloqueo regional central: heparinas de bajo peso molecular, punciones dificultosas, cirugía vertebral previa, hepatopatías, fármacos, etc. El tratamiento quirúrgico en forma de laminectomía descompresiva realizada de forma precoz suele ser necesario y es el tratamiento de elección en muchas ocasiones, pero en determinadas condiciones como la que nos ocupa, sin síntomas compresivos, sin un carácter progresivo o bien que estos disminuyan rápidamente, puede optarse por un tratamiento conservador en forma de analgesia y corticoterapia, siempre bajo un estricto control que permita actuar de forma rápida ante cualquier eventualidad negativa en su evolución (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Fibrose/complicações , Hipertensão Portal/complicações , Hipertensão Portal/diagnóstico , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/diagnóstico , Hematoma Epidural Craniano/terapia , Hematoma Epidural Craniano/complicações , Hematoma Epidural Craniano/tratamento farmacológico , Hematoma Epidural Craniano/fisiopatologia , Hematoma Epidural Craniano
12.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 50(supl.4): 1-39, oct. 2003. ab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135347

RESUMO

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial de gran trascendencia sociosanitaria y económica y constituye un problema de salud pública. Causa o empeora un gran número de problemas relacionados con la salud: diabetes, enfermedad coronaria, hipertensión y determinados tumores. Se asocia con mayor riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular, mayor prevalencia de alteraciones psicopatológicas, incremento del coste sanitario y disminución de la esperanza de vida. Actualmente en España, la prevalencia de exceso de peso afecta aproximadamente al 50% de la población. La Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN) ha elaborado una Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre el diagnóstico, la evaluación y el tratamiento del sobrepeso y de la obesidad en adultos estructurada en dos partes: 1) Definición y clasificación, epidemiología, etiopatogenia, complicaciones, beneficios de la reducción ponderal y evaluación del enfermo con sobrepeso u obesidad; 2) identificación de enfermos con riesgo de obesidad subsidiarios de tratamiento, objetivos de tratamiento y estrategias terapéuticas disponibles para conseguirlos, indicándose además, el grado de recomendación basado en la evidencia científica sobre cada uno de estos aspectos. Aun siendo la obesidad una enfermedad que debiera implicar no sólo a personal sanitario, sino también a autoridades políticas, agentes sociales, educadores e industria alimentaria entre otros, la SEEN ha querido desarrollar esta guía dados los evidentes aspectos endocrinológicos y metabólicos de este trastorno. Esta guía establece recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica para ayudar a tomar decisiones sobre el diagnóstico, la evaluación y el tratamiento del exceso ponderal en adultos y posibilitar una atención más homogénea y de calidad (AU)


Obesity is a chronic, multifactor disease with sizeable socio sanitary and economic consequences and is an issue in public health, mostly in developing countries. It causes or exacerbates a large number of health problems: diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and the incidence of certain cancers. It has been linked to a greater risk of cardiovascular mortality, a higher prevalence of psychopathology disorders and social maladjustment with a higher health care cost and shorter life-expectancy. In Spain, nowadays, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is nearly 50% of population. SEEN has developed a Clinical Practice Guide on diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adult people with two sections: 1) Definition and classification of adult obesity, its epidemiology, etiopathogeny, complications, benefits of weight reduction and clinical evaluation of patients with overweight or obesity, and 2) Identification of patients with obesity risk subsidiary to weight reduction treatment, therapy goals and therapeutical strategies available to achieve them indicating as well the degree of recommendation based upon scientific evidence on each aspect. Although obesity is a disease which is supposed to involve not only medical but also political authorities, social agents, educators and food industry among others, SEEN decided to develop this Guide taking into account the evident endocrinological and metabolical aspects of this disorder. The Guide contains scientific evidencebased recommendations intended to help doctors making decisions on diagnose, evaluations and treatment of adult overweight so that a more homogeneous attendance with settled quality can be achieved (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Hiperlipoproteinemias/etiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Obesidade/terapia , Obesidade/complicações , Espanha , Sociedades Médicas
13.
Rev Int Sociol ; (17): 133-51, 1997.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12293399

RESUMO

PIP: A 1996 survey of 1200 families in the principality of Asturias, Spain, provided data for development of a model simultaneously determining the number and quality of children within the framework of the New Home Economics. The model emphasized interaction between the quality and quantity of children, female labor force participation, and family leisure activities. A system of simultaneous equations was estimated to contrast empirically the main linkages between the endogenous variables and those characterizing the economic and social position of the family: male and female wage rates, non-labor income, age and education of the spouses, rural or urban residence, and others. The model was estimated using a two-stage least squares method. The estimates obtained were consistent with the study hypotheses, reflecting satisfactorily the effects of the demographic and economic variables studied on the number and quality of children, labor force participation of women, and leisure activities, as well as interrelations among the endogenous variables.^ieng


Assuntos
Economia , Emprego , Fertilidade , Atividades de Lazer , Modelos Econômicos , Pesquisa , Mulheres , Comportamento , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Europa (Continente) , Modelos Teóricos , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Espanha
14.
An Esp Pediatr ; 44(2): 126-8, 1996 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8830570

RESUMO

Cholangitis has been the most common postoperative complication of Kasai's operation for biliary atresia. A host of ingenious surgical procedures have been used to prevent this complication, some including exteriorization of the bilioenteric conduit. The purpose of this report was to investigate the role of the derivation on the incidence of cholangitis, liver function and the survival of patients with biliary atresia treated with Kasai's operation. We have analyzed the clinical data of thirty-six patients with biliary atresia treated with Kasai's portoenterostomy during a seven year period (1987-1993). The patients were divided into two groups: Group I, patients treated with portoenterostomy and exteriorization of the bilioenteric conduit (n = 18) and Group II, patients treated with portoenterostomy without enterostomy. Our results suggest that the use of the exteriorization of the bilioenteric conduit was not shown to be effective in the prevention of episodes of cholangitis. The survival for both groups was not statistically significant and there was no increase in morbidity after the postoperative period or during the liver transplant.


Assuntos
Atresia Biliar/cirurgia , Portoenterostomia Hepática/métodos , Anastomose em-Y de Roux , Atresia Biliar/diagnóstico , Atresia Biliar/mortalidade , Colangite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
An Esp Pediatr ; 32(2): 139-42, 1990 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2189322

RESUMO

Impression cytology has been suggested as a relatively simple, cheap, practical and non invasive technique for documenting physiologically significant vitamin A deficiency. The vitamin A status of 41 patients was evaluated by serum retinol concentration by high power liquid chromatography (HPLC) and conjunctival impression cytology was performed on each child. All children with normal vitamin A status had normal conjunctival impression cytology. The sensibility of this method was 100%. However, in the 8 vitamin A deficient patients by impression cytology, only 6 of them showed low serum vitamin A levels. Impression cytology appears to detect preclinical vitamin A deficiency that this technique may by of potential usefulness as a screening tool for preclinical vitamin A deficiency populations.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Deficiência de Vitamina A/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Túnica Conjuntiva/citologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Distúrbios Nutricionais/complicações , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Necessidades Nutricionais , Espanha , Deficiência de Vitamina A/etiologia
18.
An Esp Pediatr ; 32(2): 143-8, 1990 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2189323

RESUMO

Six pediatric patients with Niemann-Pick disease are reported. They have been studied at Hepatology Unit HI "La Paz" (Madrid) in the period of time between 1975-1988. They are one case of type A, one case of type B and four cases of type C. This group of pediatric patients serve us to make a revision of the disease attending to clinical and biochemical classification aspects, diagnosis and treatment. We insist on two aspects: 1) greater importance of enzymatic diagnose for the "Niemann-Pick complex", in view of the overlapping of clinical symptoms, 2) bone-marrow transplantation as therapeutic alternative and its indications.


Assuntos
Doenças de Niemann-Pick/diagnóstico , Exame de Medula Óssea , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Criança , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Doenças de Niemann-Pick/classificação , Doenças de Niemann-Pick/enzimologia , Doenças de Niemann-Pick/cirurgia
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