Herniación de quiste de seno maxilar a través de fístula oroantral: reporte de un caso / Hermiation of a maxillary sinus cyst through an oroantral fistula: report of a case

Los quistes de retención mucosa y los mucoceles son las lesiones máscomunes de los senos paranasales. Éstos comparten características muysimilares y su diferencia estará determinada por su etiología. A diferencia del quiste de retención mucosa, cuyo comportamiento es mucho más sutil, el mucocele causa fenómenos infl amatorios locales, y algunas veces,reabsorción ósea de las estructuras adyacentes. El tratamiento será laenucleación quirúrgica. En el caso clínico que presentamos a continuación,se evidencia una lesión quística que se expone a través del alvéolo no cicatrizal de extracción traumática realizada semanas atrás, además se presenta la técnica que utilizamos para el cierre de fístula oroantral.

Mucus retention cysts and mucoceles are the most common lesions of the paranasal sinuses. They share very similar characteristics and the difference between them depends on their etiology. Unlike mucous reten-tion cysts, whose behavior is much more subtle, mucoceles cause local infl ammatory phenomena and sometimes bone resorption of adjacent structures. The treatment called for is surgical enucleation. The clinical case presented deals with a cystic lesion protruding through the non-cicatricial alveolus following a traumatic extraction performed weeks earlier. We also present the technique used to close the oroantral fi stula.

Oral cysticercosis: a collaborative study of 16 cases.

Cysticercosis is a potentially fatal parasitic disease that rarely involves the oral region in humans. This study includes 21 lesions seen in 16 Latin American patients. There were 8 men and 8 women, with an age range from 6 to 67 years (mean 33.6 years). Most cases appeared as asymptomatic submucosal nodules that resembled mucous cysts or benign mesenchymal neoplasms. Most were found in the tongue (11 cases), followed by buccal mucosa and the lower lip (4 cases each) and upper lip (2 cases). These were well circumscribed, and ranged in size from 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter. Typical histologic features of viable cysticerci were observed in 15 cases, and the presence of colloid degeneration and granular mineralization were detected in only 1 case. In all cases, simple surgical excision was sufficient to ensure complete removal of the lesions without postoperative complications. It is important to carry out a detailed study in every case, in order to exclude the presence of the parasite in other sites.

Analysis of p53 protein by PAb240, Ki-67 expression and human papillomavirus DNA detection in different types of odontogenic keratocyst.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association between alterations in the p53 system and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the etiology of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and to study proliferation and epithelial maturation patterns by topographic analysis of Ki-67 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three OKC samples (29 cases associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, 29 solitary non-recurrent cases 20 solitary recurrent cases, and 5 chondroid keratocysts) were studied by immunohistochemistry to detect p53 protein (PAb 244) and Ki-67 (MIB-1) expression, and by PCR to detect HPV DNA. RESULTS: Twelve cases (14.6%) expressed p53 protein; no case showed the presence of HPV DNA; 9 cases (11%) presented with mild epithelial dysplasia. The suprabasal expression of Ki-67 was significantly more frequent than its basal expression (p < 0.001). p53 protein expression was significantly associated with the presence of epithelial dysplasia (p = 0.023). Ki-67 expression was not associated with OKC type, the presence of dysplasia, or p53 expression. CONCLUSION: HPVs do not participate in the etiology of OKC, and it appears unlikely that a p53 gene mutation mechanism plays a major role in the genesis of OKC. OKCs show proliferation and genuine maturation behavior reminiscent of benign neoplasms with local destructive capacity.

Efecto del clorhidrato de pilocarpina como estimulante de la producción salival en pacientes sometidos a radioterapia de cabeza y cuello / Effect of pilocarpine hydrochloride on salivary production in previously irradiated head and neck cancer patients

Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del clorhidrato de pilocarpina sobre la producción salival total en pacientes mexicanos con hiposalivación secundaria a radioterapia de la región de cabeza y cuello. Diseño del estudio: Previo consentimiento informado, 20 pacientes con hiposalivación secundaria a radioterapia de la región de cabeza y cuello (> 40 Gy) fueron evaluados mediante el Test de Saliva Global (TSG) antes, durante y al final de 10 semanas de tratamiento con clorhidrato de pilocarpina (5 mg 3 veces al día). La sintomatología relacionada a la hiposalivación fue evaluada mediante un cuestionario con escala ordinal de 0 a 10. La cantidad de saliva producida al final del tratamiento se comparó con los valores obtenidos al inicio del tratamiento en cada paciente y estos datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba de t de Student pareada. La comparación de los síntomas bucales que incluyeron sensación de humedad, malestar, dificultades para hablar y para deglutir se realizó mediante una prueba de Wilcoxon pareada. Resultados: El TSG basal indicó un promedio de 0.8 cm (d.e. 0.7) de producción salival (rango de 0 a 2.9 cm). Al cabo de las diez semanas de tratamiento el promedio de saliva producido por los pacientes fue de 2.24 cm (d.e..0.7), con un rango de 1.2 a 4.0 cm. El incremento de la producción de saliva fue del 64.5% (p<0.001). Asimismo, al final del estudio se registró mejoría en cuanto a la sensación de humedad, dificultad para hablar relacionada con la falta de saliva en la cavidad bucal, deglución y molestias bucales relacionadas a la falta de saliva en comparación con los datos iniciales (p<0.01). Los trastornos colaterales detectados fueron generalmente leves, y en ningún caso fueron causa de suspensión del tratamiento. Conclusiones: El clorhidrato de pilocarpina en dosis de 5 mg 3 veces al día produjo un incremento significativo en la producción salival y mejoría clínica en cuanto a la sintomatología bucal secundaria a hiposalivación con mínimos efectos secundarios. Asimismo, el TSG representa un método rápido, técnicamente simple y de alta confiabilidad para el registro de la producción salival en estudios prospectivos (AU)

Objective: To study the effects of pilocarpine hydrochloride on whole salivary gland production in Mexican patients affected by hyposalivation secondary to radiotherapy of the head and neck region. Study design: With previous written informed consent, 20 patients affected by hyposalivation secondary to head and neck radiation therapy (> 40Gy) were evaluated through the whole saliva test (WST) before, during and after ten weeks of treatment with pilocarpine hydrochloride (5 mg t.i.d.). Hyposalivation-related symptomatology was assessed before and at every week by means of a questionnaire with an ordinal scale ranging from 0-10. Salivary production values recorded at the end of the study and those obtained before treatment were compared by means of Student ́s t test. A paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare the differences in the oral symptoms, such as oral dryness, soreness, ability for speaking and swallowing before and after treatment. Results: Initial WST had a mean salivary production of 0.8 cm (s.d. 0.7), with a range from 0 to 2.9 cm). After ten weeks of treatment salivary production increased to a mean of 2.24 cm (s.d. 0.7), with a range from 1.2 to 4.0 cm. There was a salivary flow increase of 64.5% (p<0.001). In addition, there were significant improvements in oral dryness, mouth comfort, ability to speak and ability to swallow (p<0.01). Adverse effects were usually minimal and they did not cause withdraw from the study in any case. Conclusions: Administration of 5-mg pilocarpine hydrochloride tablets three times daily significantly improved salivary production and clinical symptomatology secondary to radiation-induced hyposalivation with minimal side-effects. In addition, this study showed that WST is a fast, technically simple and highly reliable method to study salivary production in prospective studies (AU)

Effect of pilocarpine hydrochloride on salivary production in previously irradiated head and neck cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of pilocarpine hydrochloride on whole salivary gland production in Mexican patients affected by hyposalivation secondary to radiotherapy of the head and neck region. STUDY DESIGN: With previous written informed consent, 20 patients affected by hyposalivation secondary to head and neck radiation therapy (>40 Gy) were evaluated through the whole saliva test (WST) before, during and after ten weeks of treatment with pilocarpine hydrochloride (5 mg t.i.d.). Hyposalivationrelated symptomatology was assessed before and at every week by means of a questionnaire with an ordinal scale ranging from 0-10. Salivary production values recorded at the end of the study and those obtained before treatment were compared by means of student's t test. A paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare the differences in the oral symptoms, such as oral dryness, soreness, ability for speaking and swallowing before and after treatment. RESULTS: Initial WST had a mean salivary production of 0.8 cm (s.d. 0.7), with a range from 0 to 2.9 cm). After ten weeks of treatment salivary production increased to a mean of 2.24 cm (s.d. 0.7), with a range from 1.2 to 4.0 cm. There was a salivary flow increase of 64.5% (p<0.001). In addition, there were significant improvements in oral dryness, mouth comfort, ability to speak and ability to swallow (p<0.01). Adverse effects were usually minimal and they did not cause withdraw from the study in any case. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of 5-mg pilocarpine hydrochloride tablets three times daily significantly improved salivary production and clinical symptomatology secondary to radiation-induced hyposalivation with minimal side-effects. In addition, this study showed that WST is a fast, technically simple and highly reliable method to study salivary production in prospective studies.

Quistes odontogénicos. Análisis de 856 casos / Odontogenic cysts. Analysis o f 856 cases

Los quistes odontogénicos (QO) representan una de las principales causas de destrucción de los maxilares. La información relativa a estas entidades en la población mexicana es escasa, por lo que el propósito de la presente investigación es el presentar la frecuencia de los distintos tipos de QO registrados en dos servicios de diagnóstico histopatológico bucal en la ciudad de México, así como comparar los hallazgos con lo reportado en otros estudios y analizar su posible asociación con el sexo de los afectados y el tipo de servicio de diagnóstico de procedencia. Se registraron 856 QO, de los cuales 449 (52,5 por ciento) se presentaron en hombres, 403 (47 por ciento) en mujeres y en 4 casos (0,5 por ciento) no se conoció el sexo. Se identificaron 8 variedades de QO de un total de 10 entidades reconocidas por la OMS. Los QO más frecuentes fueron: quiste radicular (342 casos), quiste dentígero (283 casos) y queratoquiste odontogénico (184 casos). En conjunto, estas tres entidades representaron el 94,5 por cientodel total. Tanto el sexo como el tipo de servicio de procedencia tuvieron una asociación significativa con quistes dentígeros y radiculares (p< 0,01). El conocer el origen, los aspectos clínico-patológicos y la conducta biológica de estas lesiones son aspectos fundamentales para su detección oportuna y manejo adecuado (AU)