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1.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 33(1): 53-62, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201116

RESUMO

Las conductas autolesivas en niños y adolescentes constituyen un importante problema de salud pública con cifras de prevalencia en la población clínica entre el 40 y 80%. Los objetivos del estudio son analizar y comparar las submuestras españolas de dos trabajos, SEYLE y WE-STAY, para conocer la prevalencia, los patrones de autolesión y los factores asociados a las conductas autolesivas, en particular el consumo de alcohol o drogas. Los cuestionarios utilizados en ambos estudios fueron la Encuesta Global de Salud Escolar (GSHS), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II), el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades (SDQ). Los comportamientos autolesivos fueron evaluados con una versión modificada de 6 ítems basada en el Inventario de Autolesiones Deliberadas (DSHI). La independencia de las variables categóricas del estudio se evaluó mediante la prueba Ji-Cuadrado. El cambio en el riesgo relativo de autolesión entre el estudio SEYLE y WE-STAY, se evaluó a través del cálculo de odds ratio (OR). Se calcularon dos modelos de regresión logística diferentes con el fin de establecer los factores asociados con comportamientos autolesivos en cada estudio. En el presente estudio las tasas de DSH varían en función del estudio y del sexo en un rango entre 0,58% y 2,08%, presentando patrones de autolesiones diferentes según el sexo, los hombres se autolesionaron más frecuentemente mediante golpes autoinfligidos y quemaduras, mientras que las mujeres se hicieron más frecuentemente cortes. La presencia de síntomas depresivos y el consumo de alcohol fueron los factores asociados de forma más robusta a un mayor riesgo de DSH


Self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents constitute an important public health problem with prevalence figures in the clinical population between 40 and 80%. The objectives of the study were to analyze and compare the Spanish sub-samples of two studies, SEYLE and WE-STAY to determine prevalence, self-harm patterns and factors associated with self-harm behaviors, notably the use of alcohol or drugs. The questionnaires used in both studies were the Global School Health Survey (GSHS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The self-harm behaviors were evaluated with a modified 6-item version of s the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). The independence of the study's categorical variables was assessed using the Chi-square test. The change in the relative risk of self-harm between the SEYLE study and WE-STAY was evaluated through the odds ratio (OR) calculation. Two different logistic regression models were calculated in order to establish the factors associated with self-harm behaviors in each study. In the present study, the rates of DSH vary according to study and sex, ranging from 0.58% to 2.08%, and different patterns of selfharm are evidenced by sex, with males self-injuring more frequently by self-inflicted blows and burns, while young women more often cut themselves. The presence of depressive symptoms and alcohol use were the factors most strongly associated with an increased risk of DSH


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/psicologia , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Depressão/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Sexo , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 31(1): 52-63, 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180716

RESUMO

El uso/abuso de alcohol es un problema de salud en los adolescentes. La última Encuesta sobre uso de drogas en Enseñanzas Secundarias realizada en España (ESTUDES 2014-2015), pone de manifiesto que 76,8% de los adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años consumieron alcohol en el último año y 68,2% en el último mes. El principal objetivo es determinar los factores que se asocian con el consumo de alcohol a medio plazo en una muestra de adolescentes españoles. El estudio forma parte del proyecto Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE). La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 708 estudiantes, evaluados en dos momentos temporales [basal (T0) y al año (T1)] [varones: 51,98%, edad media basal (DE)=4,43 (0,67)]. Se realizaron análisis de regresión univariante y multivariante, con el fin de investigar las relaciones entre posibles variables predictoras descritas en el momento temporal T0 y el consumo de alcohol en el momento T1.En el momento basal (T0) la prevalencia de abuso de alcohol fue del 25,56%, mientras que la prevalencia al año fue del 49,72% (T1). Las variables que predicen de forma significativa el abuso de alcohol al cabo de un año son: abuso previo del alcohol en el momento T0 (p< 0,001), abuso previo de drogas (p=0,011), padres que asisten a sus competiciones deportivas (p=0,005), problemas de relación con compañeros (p=0,019) y ausencia de comportamiento prosocial (p=0,043). A la vista de nuestros resultados se puede concluir que, en adolescentes, los trastornos externalizantes parecen ser factores determinantes de consumo de alcohol a medio plazo


Alcohol use/abuse is a health problem in adolescents. The last Survey on use of drugs in Secondary Schoolers carried out in Spain (ESTUDES 2014-2015), reveals that 76.8% of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years consumed alcohol in the previous year and 68.2% in the last month. The aim of this study is to determine the medium-term factors associated with alcohol consumption in a sample of Spanish adolescents. The present study was carried out as a part of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives project in Europe (SEYLE) project. The final sample was composed of 708 students, assessed at two times [basal (T0) and one year later (T1)] [males: 51.98%, basal mean age (SD)=4.43 (0.67)]. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to investigate relationships between possible predictive variables found at time T0 and alcohol consumption at time T1. At basal time (T0) the prevalence of alcohol abuse was 25.56%, whereas the prevalence one year later was 49.72% (T1). Variables that significantly predict alcohol abuse within a year are: previous alcohol abuse at T0 (p<0.001), previous abuse of drugs (p=0.011), parents attending their sporting events (p=0.005), peer problems (p=0.019), and lack of prosocial behaviour (p=0.043). In the light of our results, it can be concluded that, in adolescents, externalizing disorders seem to be determining factors of medium-term alcohol consumption


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/tendências , Comportamento do Adolescente , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Análise Multivariada
3.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 29(2): 97-104, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163020

RESUMO

El uso o abuso de sustancias o internet, la psicopatología y la ideación suicida parecen estar relacionadas. El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar la asociación en población adolescente entre consumo de sustancias potencialmente adictivas, uso inadecuado de internet, psicopatología e ideación suicida. El estudio forma parte del proyecto europeo Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE). La muestra está compuesta por 1026 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 16 años procedentes de 12 centros escolares públicos del Principado de Asturias (530 varones y 496 mujeres). El presente trabajo aporta la posibilidad de conocer si los datos generales del proyecto SEYLE varían en una zona relativamente aislada y socioeconómicamente en recesión. Las tasas obtenidas de consumo de las distintas sustancias y de uso de internet fueron: a) alcohol: 11,89% en varones y 7,86% en mujeres; b) tabaco: 4,15% y 5,44% en varones y mujeres respectivamente; c) otras drogas: 6,98% en varones y un 4,44% en mujeres; d) uso de internet desadaptativo o patológico: 14,53% y 20,77% en varones y mujeres respectivamente. Se ha observado que las variables con capacidad predictiva sobre las conductas suicidas fueron: tentativas suicidas previas, síntomas depresivos, uso desadaptativo o patológico de internet, problemas con los compañeros y consumo de alcohol


Substance and Internet use or abuse, psychopathology and suicidal ideation appear to be related. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between use of psychotropic substances, inadequate Internet use, suicidal ideation and other psychopathological symptoms within the adolescent population. The present study was carried out as part of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) project, funded by the European Union. The sample is composed of 1026 adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years from 12 state schools in Asturias (530 men and 496 women). This study adds to the possibility of knowing whether the SEYLE data is confirmed in a relatively isolated and recession hit province of Spain. In the present study the following consumption rates were obtained: a) alcohol 11.89% in males and 7.86% in females; b) tobacco: 4.15% and 5.44 % in males and females respectively; c) other drugs: 6.98% in males and 4.44% in females; d) maladaptive or pathological Internet use: 14.53% and 20.77% in males and females respectively. The variables that predict suicide ideation in the logistic regression model were: previous suicide attempts, depression, maladaptive or pathological Internet use, peer problems and alcohol consumption


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Internet , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
4.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 29(1): 6-12, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159418

RESUMO

Las personas con esquizofrenia constituyen una parte sustancial de las personas que todavía fuman. La hipótesis de la automedicación en relación al rendimiento cognitivo mantiene que los pacientes fuman para mejorar su déficit cognitivo basándose en los efectos estimulantes de la nicotina. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la metodología del estudio COGNICO. Estudio cuasiexperimental, observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico y con seguimiento a 3, 6, 12 y 18 meses. Fue llevado a cabo en tres ciudades del norte de España (Oviedo, Ourense y Santiago de Compostela). Se reclutaron 81pacientes con esquizofrenia fumadores (edad media de 43,35 años (DT=8,83). 72,8% varones). Se asignaron a 3 grupos: a) control: pacientes fumadores; b) pacientes que dejan de fumar mediante parches de nicotina; c) pacientes que dejan de fumar mediante vareniclina. Como medida primaria se aplicó la batería neuropsicológica MATRICS. Además, se llevó a cabo una evaluación comprehensiva de los pacientes, que incluía el número de cigarrillos por día, la dependencia física y psicológica a la nicotina y el CO expirado. También se realizó una evaluación clínica general (PANSS, HDRS, ICG, C-SSRS) así como un seguimiento de las medidas antropométricas y los signos vitales. Se pretende identificar la relación entre el patrón de consumo de tabaco y el rendimiento cognitivo mediante la comparación de las puntuaciones en la batería neuropsicológica MATRICS durante los períodos de seguimiento


People with schizophrenia constitute a substantial part of the people who still smoke. Regarding cognitive performance, the self-medication hypothesis states that patients smoke to improve their cognitive deficits based on the stimulating effects of nicotine. The aim of this paper is to describe in detail the methodology used in the COGNICO study. A quasi-experimental, observational, prospective, multicenter study with follow-ups over 18 months was conducted in three cities in northern Spain (Oviedo, Ourense and Santiago de Compostela). A total of 81 outpatient smokers with schizophrenia were recruited with a mean age 43.35 years (SD = 8.83), 72.8% of them male. They were assigned to 3 groups: a) control group (smokers); b) patients who quit smoking using nicotine patches; c) patients who quit smoking with Varenicline. The MATRICS neuropsychological battery was applied as a primary measure. In addition, a comprehensive assessment of patients was performed, including the number of cigarettes per day, physical and psychological dependence on nicotine and CO expired. Clinical evaluation (PANSS, HDRS, CGI, C-SSRS), anthropometric measurements and vital signs assessment was also performed. The aim is to identify the relationship between the pattern of tobacco use and cognitive performance by comparing scores on the neuropsychological battery MATRICS during the follow-up periods (3, 6, 12 and 18months). The importance of this study lies in addressing a topical issue often ignored by clinicians: the unacceptably high rates of tobacco use in patients with severe mental disorders


Assuntos
Humanos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria)/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cognição , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos
5.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 9(3): 134-142, jul.-sept. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-153960

RESUMO

Objetivo. Examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la escala C-SSRS (Sp-CSSRS). Método. Estudio de validación naturalista, transversal y multicéntrico. Muestra: 467 pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios (242 con tentativa de suicidio previa). Instrumentos: C-SSRS; Escala de Hamilton para la Depresión (HDRS); Escala de Intencionalidad Suicida de Beck; Escala de Gravedad Médica de la Tentativa (MDS). Resultados. Validez del constructo: el coeficiente de Pearson entre la subescala de gravedad (C-Grave) y la de intensidad (C-Int) de la Sp-C-SSRS fue 0,44 (p < 0,000). El coeficiente de Pearson entre C-Grave y el ítem 3 de la HDRS fue 0,56 (p < 0,000). Para la submuestra de pacientes con tentativa de suicidio previa, se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre C-Grave y la Escala de Intencionalidad Suicida de Beck (r = 0,22; p = 0,001). Validez discriminante: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones de C-Grave y de C-Int entre pacientes con tentativa de suicidio y sin ella (p < 0,000). La puntuación de la C-Grave clasificó adecuadamente a los pacientes en función de su puntuación en el ítem 3 de la HDRS (p < 0,009). Sensibilidad al cambio: la regresión lineal mostró que la disminución de una unidad en el ítem 3 de la HDRS se correspondió con la disminución de 5,08 unidades en la C-Grave (p = 0,141). El cambio de una unidad en el ítem 3 de la HDRS se correspondió con un cambio de 13,51 unidades en la C-Int (p = 0,007). El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,53. El análisis factorial de la C-Int identificó 2 componentes que explicaron el 55,66% de la varianza total. Conclusión. La Sp-C-SSRS es un instrumento fiable y válido para evaluar la ideación y la conducta suicidas en la práctica clínica y en contextos de investigación (AU)


Objective. To examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the C-SSRS (Sp-CSSRS). Method. Data are from a naturalistic, cross-sectional, multicentre, validation study, including 467 psychiatric outpatients, 242 of whom had a history of suicide attempt. The study measures were: C-SSRS; the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS); the Beck Suicide Intent Scale; the Medical Damage Scale. Results. Construct validity: Pearson coefficient between the C-SSRS severity (C-Sev) and intensity (C-Int) of ideation subscale scores was 0.44 (P < .000) for the total sample. Likewise, Pearson coefficient between C-Sev score and HDRS item 3 was 0.56 (P < .000). For the sub-sample of patients with suicide attempt, significant Pearson correlations were found between the C-Sev and the Beck Suicide Intent Scale scores (r = 0.22; P = .001). Discriminant validity: Significant differences were found in C-Sev and C-Int scores between patients with and without suicide attempt (P < .000). The C-Sev score discriminated between patients based on HDRS item 3 (P < .009). Sensitivity to change: Linear regression showed that a one-unit decrease in HDRS item 3 corresponded to a decrease of 5.08 units in the C-Sev score (P = .141). A one-unit change in HDRS item 3 corresponded to a change of 13.51 on the C-Int assessments (P = .007). Cronbach's alpha was 0.53 for C-Int. The principal component analysis identified 2 components that explain 55.66% of the total variance (C-Int). Conclusion. The data support that the Sp-C-SSRS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing suicidal ideation and behaviour in daily clinical practice and research settings (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Suicídio/tendências , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Tentativa de Suicídio/tendências , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/tendências , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Modelos Lineares , Análise Fatorial , Análise Discriminante
6.
Adicciones ; 29(1): 6-12, 2016 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27391843

RESUMO

People with schizophrenia constitute a substantial part of the people who still smoke. Regarding cognitive performance, the self-medication hypothesis states that patients smoke to improve their cognitive deficits based on the stimulating effects of nicotine. The aim of this paper is to describe in detail the methodology used in the COGNICO study. A quasi-experimental, observational, prospective, multicenter study with follow-ups over 18 months was conducted in three cities in northern Spain (Oviedo, Ourense and Santiago de Compostela). A total of 81 outpatient smokers with schizophrenia were recruited with a mean age 43.35 years (SD = 8.83), 72.8% of them male. They were assigned to 3 groups: a) control group (smokers); b) patients who quit smoking using nicotine patches; c) patients who quit smoking with Varenicline. The MATRICS neuropsychological battery was applied as a primary measure. In addition, a comprehensive assessment of patients was performed, including the number of cigarettes per day, physical and psychological dependence on nicotine and CO expired. Clinical evaluation (PANSS, HDRS, CGI, C-SSRS), anthropometric measurements and vital signs assessment was also performed. The aim is to identify the relationship between the pattern of tobacco use and cognitive performance by comparing scores on the neuropsychological battery MATRICS during the follow-up periods (3, 6, 12 and 18months). The importance of this study lies in addressing a topical issue often ignored by clinicians: the unacceptably high rates of tobacco use in patients with severe mental disorders.


Las personas con esquizofrenia constituyen una parte sustancial de las personas que todavía fuman. La hipótesis de la automedicación en relación al rendimiento cognitivo mantiene que los pacientes fuman para mejorar su déficit cognitivo basándose en los efectos estimulantes de la nicotina. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la metodología del estudio COGNICO. Estudio cuasiexperimental, observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico y  con seguimiento a 3, 6, 12 y 18 meses. Fue llevado a cabo en tres ciudades del norte de España (Oviedo, Ourense y Santiago de Compostela). Se reclutaron 81pacientes con esquizofrenia fumadores (edad media de 43,35 años (DT=8,83). 72,8% varones). Se asignaron a 3 grupos: a) control: pacientes fumadores; b) pacientes que dejan de fumar mediante parches de nicotina; c) pacientes que dejan de fumar mediante vareniclina. Como medida primaria se aplicó la batería neuropsicológica MATRICS. Además, se llevó a cabo una evaluación comprehensiva de los pacientes, que incluía  el número de cigarrillos por día, la dependencia física y psicológica a la nicotina y el CO expirado. También se realizó una evaluación clínica general (PANSS, HDRS, ICG, C-SSRS) así como un seguimiento de las medidas antropométricas y los signos vitales. Se pretende  identificar la relación entre el patrón de consumo de tabaco y el rendimiento cognitivo mediante la comparación de las puntuaciones en la batería neuropsicológica MATRICS durante los períodos de seguimiento.


Assuntos
Cognição , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Fumar/psicologia , Fumar/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar
7.
Adicciones ; 28(4): 221-230, 2016 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27391850

RESUMO

Gender has been associated with substance use disorders (SUD). However, there are few studies that have evaluated gender differences in a global and a standardized way, and with a large sample of patients with SUD. Our goal is to analyze the role of gender in addiction severity throughout multiple life domains, using the Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6). A naturalistic, multicenter and prospective study was conducted. A total of 221 patients with SUD (80.1% men) were interviewed with the ASI-6. Our results indicate that the Recent Summary Scores (RSSs) of men and women are similar, with the exception of Psychiatric and Partner- Problems, where women showed higher severity (p = .017 and p = .013, respectively). Statistically significant gender differences were found in certain aspects of the ASI-6 domains: men have more problems of physical health, legal issues, and alcohol and other substance use; and woman score higher in problems of mental health, social network, subjective evaluations of SUD consequences, and treatment needs. These results should be taken into account to improve the identification, prevention, and treatment of SUD.


Se ha descrito que el género es un factor que condiciona los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS). Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esas diferencias de género de manera global, estandarizada y en una muestra amplia de pacientes con TUS. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el rol del género en la gravedad de la adicción a través de los diversos dominios de vida mediante el Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6). Se llevó a cabo un estudio naturalístico, multicéntrico y prospectivo con una muestra compuesta por 221 pacientes con TUS (80,1% hombres). Los participantes fueron entrevistados con el ASI-6. Los resultados han mostrado que las Puntuaciones Sumarias Recientes (PSRs) son similares entre hombres y mujeres a excepción de las correspondientes a Salud mental y Pareja- Problemas, donde las mujeres presentan mayor gravedad (p = 0,017 y p = 0,013, respectivamente). Por otra parte, se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en diversos aspectos concretos de las áreas contempladas por el ASI-6, que indican que los hombres presentan más problemas en cuanto a salud física, cuestiones legales y uso de alcohol y drogas, y la mujeres en salud mental, red social y la valoración subjetiva sobre las consecuencias del TUS y la necesidad de tratamiento. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de implementar una mejora en la identificación, prevención y tratamiento de los TUS.


Assuntos
Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais
8.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment ; 9(3): 134-42, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27158026

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the C-SSRS (Sp-CSSRS). METHOD: Data are from a naturalistic, cross-sectional, multicentre, validation study, including 467 psychiatric outpatients, 242 of whom had a history of suicide attempt. The study measures were: C-SSRS; the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS); the Beck Suicide Intent Scale; the Medical Damage Scale. RESULTS: Construct validity: Pearson coefficient between the C-SSRS severity (C-Sev) and intensity (C-Int) of ideation subscale scores was 0.44 (P<.000) for the total sample. Likewise, Pearson coefficient between C-Sev score and HDRS item 3 was 0.56 (P<.000). For the sub-sample of patients with suicide attempt, significant Pearson correlations were found between the C-Sev and the Beck Suicide Intent Scale scores (r=0.22; P=.001). Discriminant validity: Significant differences were found in C-Sev and C-Int scores between patients with and without suicide attempt (P<.000). The C-Sev score discriminated between patients based on HDRS item 3 (P<.009). Sensitivity to change: Linear regression showed that a one-unit decrease in HDRS item 3 corresponded to a decrease of 5.08 units in the C-Sev score (P=.141). A one-unit change in HDRS item 3 corresponded to a change of 13.51 on the C-Int assessments (P=.007). Cronbach's alpha was 0.53 for C-Int. The principal component analysis identified 2 components that explain 55.66% of the total variance (C-Int). CONCLUSION: The data support that the Sp-C-SSRS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing suicidal ideation and behaviour in daily clinical practice and research settings.


Assuntos
Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Componente Principal , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha , Traduções
9.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 16(1): 58-75, ene.-abr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-146076

RESUMO

The Schizophrenia Objective Functioning Instrument (SOFI) is an intervieweradministered scale designed to objectively assess the actual level of patient functioning and to measure community functioning related to cognitive impairment and psychopathology. The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SOFI (Sp-SOFI) in a sample of 155 Spanish outpatients with schizophrenia disorder. The instruments applied were SpSOFI, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale (CGI-SCH), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The discrimination indexes of the Sp-SOFI items range from .21 to .77. Exploratory factor analysis showed an essentially one-dimensional structure. Cronbach’s alpha was .93. Test-retest reliability for the Sp-SOFI total score was .87 (p < .001). The canonical correlation between SP-SOFI domains and PSP dimensions was .83. The multiple correlation coefficient between Sp-SOFI domains and GAF score was .84. Sp-SOFI scores were significantly different between high and low scores on the PANSS scales (p < .001). Sp-SOFI measures discriminated among patients with doubtful, mild, moderate, and severe schizophrenia disorder according to CGI-SCH scales (p < .001). New evidence about the validity of the SOFI was provided. The Sp-SOFI is a reliable and valid tool for using in clinical practice (AU)


El Instrumento de Funcionamiento Objetivo para la Esquizofrenia (SOFI) es una entrevista para evaluar el nivel de funcionamiento comunitario en relación con el daño cognitivo y los síntomas psicopatológicos. El objetivo del estudio consistió en examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la SOFI (Sp-SOFI) en una muestra de 155 pacientes ambulatorios con esquizofrenia. Los índices de discriminación de la Sp-SOFI oscilaron entre 0,21 y 0,77. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una estructura esencialmente unidimensional. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,93. El coeficiente de fiabilidad test-retest fue 0,87 (p < 0,001). La correlación canónica entre la Sp-SOFI y la Escala de Funcionamiento Personal y Social (PSP) fue 0,83. El coeficiente de correlación múltiple entre la Sp-SOFI y la Escala de Evaluación de la Actividad Global (EEAG) fue 0,44. Las puntuaciones en la Sp-SOFI fueron significativamente diferentes entre los pacientes con puntuaciones altas y bajas en la Escala del Síndrome Positivo y Negativo (PANSS) (p < 0,001). La Sp-SOFI discriminó entre pacientes con trastorno de esquizofrenia dudoso, leve, moderado y grave de acuerdo con la Escala de Impresión Clínica Global de Esquizofrenia (CGI-SCH) (p < 0,001). La Sp-SOFI es un instrumento fiable y válido para la práctica clínica (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Psicometria/instrumentação , Habilidades Sociais , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Aptidão , Ajustamento Social
10.
Int J Clin Health Psychol ; 16(1): 58-75, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30487851

RESUMO

The Schizophrenia Objective Functioning Instrument (SOFI) is an interviewer-administered scale designed to objectively assess the actual level of patient functioning and to measure community functioning related to cognitive impairment and psychopathology. The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SOFI (Sp-SOFI) in a sample of 155 Spanish outpatients with schizophrenia disorder. The instruments applied were Sp-SOFI, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale (CGI-SCH), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The discrimination indexes of the Sp-SOFI items range from .21 to .77. Exploratory factor analysis showed an essentially one-dimensional structure. Cronbach's alpha was .93. Test-retest reliability for the Sp-SOFI total score was .87 (p < .001). The canonical correlation between SP-SOFI domains and PSP dimensions was .83. The multiple correlation coefficient between Sp-SOFI domains and GAF score was .84. Sp-SOFI scores were significantly different between high and low scores on the PANSS scales (p < .001). Sp-SOFI measures discriminated among patients with doubtful, mild, moderate, and severe schizophrenia disorder according to CGI-SCH scales (p < .001). New evidence about the validity of the SOFI was provided. The Sp-SOFI is a reliable and valid tool for using in clinical practice.


El Instrumento de Funcionamiento Objetivo para la Esquizofrenia (SOFI) es una entrevista para evaluar el nivel de funcionamiento comunitario en relación con el daño cognitivo y los síntomas psicopatológicos. El objetivo del estudio consistió en examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la SOFI (Sp-SOFI) en una muestra de 155 pacientes ambulatorios con esquizofrenia. Los índices de discriminación de la Sp-SOFI oscilaron entre 0,21 y 0,77. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una estructura esencialmente unidimensional. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,93. El coeficiente de fiabilidad test-retest fue 0,87 (p < 0,001). La correlación canónica entre la Sp-SOFI y la Escala de Funcionamiento Personal y Social (PSP) fue 0,83. El coeficiente de correlación múltiple entre la Sp-SOFI y la Escala de Evaluación de la Actividad Global (EEAG) fue 0,44. Las puntuaciones en la Sp-SOFI fueron significativamente diferentes entre los pacientes con puntuaciones altas y bajas en la Escala del Síndrome Positivo y Negativo (PANSS) (p < 0,001). La Sp-SOFI discriminó entre pacientes con trastorno de esquizofrenia dudoso, leve, moderado y grave de acuerdo con la Escala de Impresión Clínica Global de Esquizofrenia (CGI-SCH) (p < 0,001). La Sp-SOFI es un instrumento fiable y válido para la práctica clínica.

11.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 28(4): 221-230, 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156786

RESUMO

Se ha descrito que el género es un factor que condiciona los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS). Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esas diferencias de género de manera global, estandarizada y en una muestra amplia de pacientes con TUS. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el rol del género en la gravedad de la adicción a través de los diversos dominios de vida mediante el Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6). Se llevó a cabo un estudio naturalístico, multicéntrico y prospectivo con una muestra compuesta por 221 pacientes con TUS (80,1% hombres). Los participantes fueron entrevistados con el ASI-6. Los resultados han mostrado que las Puntuaciones Sumarias Recientes (PSRs) son similares entre hombres y mujeres a excepción de las correspondientes a Salud mental y Pareja- Problemas, donde las mujeres presentan mayor gravedad (p = 0,017 y p = 0,013, respectivamente). Por otra parte, se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en diversos aspectos concretos de las áreas contempladas por el ASI-6, que indican que los hombres presentan más problemas en cuanto a salud física, cuestiones legales y uso de alcohol y drogas, y la mujeres en salud mental, red social y la valoración subjetiva sobre las consecuencias del TUS y la necesidad de tratamiento. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de implementar una mejora en la identificación, prevención y tratamiento de los TUS


Gender has been associated with substance use disorders (SUD). However, there are few studies that have evaluated gender differences in a global and a standardized way, and with a large sample of patients with SUD. Our goal is to analyze the role of gender in addiction severity throughout multiple life domains, using the Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6). A naturalistic, multicenter and prospective study was conducted. A total of 221 patients with SUD (80.1% men) were interviewed with the ASI-6. Our results indicate that the Recent Summary Scores (RSSs) of men and women are similar, with the exception of Psychiatric and Partner- Problems, where women showed higher severity (p = .017 and p = .013, respectively). Statistically significant gender differences were found in certain aspects of the ASI-6 domains: men have more problems of physical health, legal issues, and alcohol and other substance use; and woman score higher in problems of mental health, social network, subjective evaluations of SUD consequences, and treatment needs. These results should be taken into account to improve the identification, prevention, and treatment of SUD


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Saúde de Gênero , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Alcoolismo/complicações , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Sensação Gravitacional/fisiologia , Análise de Dados/métodos , Saúde Mental/normas , Saúde Mental/tendências
12.
Adicciones ; 26(3): 254-74, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25314041

RESUMO

Anxiety disorders and substance use disorders are highly comorbid (between 18% and 37%), and such comorbidity complicates treatment and worsens prognosis (including higher suicide risk). There are not many research works on the specific pharmacologic treatment of dual comorbid anxiety disorders. Most authors recommend a simultaneous approach of both, anxiety and substance use, disorders. Research data on pharmacotherapy suggest that psychotropics used in the treatment of anxiety disorders are also effective in dual diagnosis. SSRIs are considered first-line therapy in the treatment of dual anxiety while benzodiacepines should be avoided. New generation antiepileptic have shown efficacy in case series and open label studies in the latest years, thus being a promising treatment option for dual comorbid anxiety disorders, specially pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Algoritmos , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
13.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 26(3): 254-274, 2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-129478

RESUMO

Los trastornos por uso de sustancias y los trastornos de ansiedad presentan una gran comorbilidad (entre el 18% y 37%), lo cual complica el tratamiento y empeora el pronóstico de los pacientes (incluido mayor riesgo de suicidio). Son pocos los trabajos de investigación terapéutica que hayan abordado de forma específica el tratamiento farmacológico de los trastornos de ansiedad en caso de patología dual. La mayor parte de los autores apuestan por el abordaje de ambos trastornos de forma integral y simultánea. Los datos procedentes de la revisión de la literatura indican que los fármacos recomendados habitualmente en el tratamiento para los trastornos de ansiedad también son eficaces en el tratamiento de la ansiedad dual. Los antidepresivos ISRS constituyen el tratamiento de primera línea en los trastornos de ansiedad duales, mientras que las benzodiacepinas son fármacos a evitar. En los últimos años se observa una gran tendencia a utilizar fármacos antiepilépticos de última generación, los cuales muestran resultados prometedores en estudios abiertos y series de casos, en especial la pregabalina en el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada


Anxiety disorders and substance use disorders are highly comorbid (between 18% and 37%), and such comorbidity complicates treatment and worsens prognosis (including higher suicide risk). There are not many research works on the specific pharmacologic treatment of dual comorbid anxiety disorders. Most authors recommend a simultaneous approach of both, anxiety and substance use, disorders. Research data on pharmacotherapy suggest that psychotropics used in the treatment of anxiety disorders are also effective in dual diagnosis. SSRIs are considered first-line therapy in the treatment of dual anxiety while benzodiacepines should be avoided. New generation antiepileptic have shown efficacy in case series and open label studies in the latest years, thus being a promising treatment option for dual comorbid anxiety disorders, specially pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria)/métodos , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Tratamento Farmacológico , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia/tendências , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Comorbidade , Protocolos Clínicos
14.
Addict Behav ; 36(12): 1184-90, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21835551

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We conducted a follow-up study to evaluate the outcome of a heroin-dependent population 25 years after their first enrollment in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We assessed mortality in the sample plus actual drug use, treatment, and medical factors associated with drug dependence, focusing on possible gender differences. METHODS: Prospective follow-up study of 214 heroin-dependent patients consecutively admitted for MMT between 1980 and 1984 in the Asturias Public Health Service. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. An ad-hoc protocol on drug misuse and treatment, drug-related morbidity and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores were assessed in the survivors' sample. RESULTS: Information was received on 159 subjects, 106 of whom were deceased. Men accounted for 76.2% of the study cohort. Over the 25-year follow-up period, the SMR was 22.51 (95% CI=22.37-22.64). In the survivors sample, 39.6% were still enrolled in MMT; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was diagnosed in 47.2% and hepatitis B/C in 81.1%; current heroin use was reported by 22.6%. There were no gender differences in mortality or HIV and hepatitis B/C status. None of the female survivors were using heroin at the 25-year follow-up compared with 31.1% of males. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high mortality of heroin addicts even after enrollment in MMT. Severity of the addiction in terms of mortality was similar in both genders. Women who survived the 25-year follow-up were more likely to have stopped using heroin than men.


Assuntos
Dependência de Heroína/mortalidade , Dependência de Heroína/reabilitação , Metadona/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite C/complicações , Dependência de Heroína/complicações , Dependência de Heroína/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
Psicothema ; 22(3): 513-9, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20667284

RESUMO

This work analysed the psychometric properties of the 6th version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) translated and adapted to the Spanish language. A multicentre, observational and prospective design was used. A total of 258 participants were included, 217 were patients (35 stable patients and 182 unstable patients), and 41 were controls. The results show satisfactory psychometric performance of the ASI-6. The degree of the internal consistency of the standardized objective scores ranged between .47 and .95. As for test-retest reliability, the values were acceptable, varying from .36 to 1. The study of the internal structure revealed a good fit to a unidimensional solution for all scales taken independently. Regarding convergent-discriminant validity, the correlations between the primary and secondary scales of the ASI-6 and the Clinic Global Impression score were low, with values from .01 to .26. Likewise, 8 of the 15 scales differentiated between controls and unstable patients. The psychometric properties of the ASI-6 Spanish version seem to be acceptable, though it is necessary to carry out new studies to test metric quality with independent samples of patients.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicometria , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
16.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 22(3): 513-519, 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-81499

RESUMO

El presente estudio examinó las propiedades psicométricas del Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6) en su versión traducida y adaptada al español. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, observacional y prospectivo donde participaron un total de 258 sujetos, siendo 217 pacientes (35 estables y 182 inestables) y 41 controles. Los resultados muestran que el ASI-6 presentó un buen comportamiento psicométrico. Los niveles de consistencia interna de las puntuaciones objetivas estandarizadas de las escalas del ASI-6 oscilaron entre 0,47 y 0,95. Por su parte, los valores de fiabilidad test-retest fueron aceptables, oscilando entre 0,36 y 1. El estudio de la estructura interna del ASI-6 informó que todas las escalas, considerándolas de forma independiente, se ajustaron a una solución esencialmente unidimensional. En cuanto a la obtención de evidencias de validez convergente-discriminante, las correlaciones entre las escalas primarias y secundarias del ASI-6 y las puntuaciones en la Impresión Clínica Global de Gravedad fueron bajas, oscilando entre 0,01 y 0,26. Asimismo, ocho de las quince escalas del ASI-6 lograron diferenciar entre controles y pacientes inestables. La versión española del ASI-6 presenta propiedades psicométricas que pueden ser consideradas aceptables, aunque sería necesario llevar a cabo nuevos estudios que continúen examinando su calidad métrica en muestras independientes de pacientes(AU)


This work analysed the psychometric properties of the 6th version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) translated and adapted to the Spanish language. A multicentre, observational and prospective design was used. A total of 258 participants were included, 217 were patients (35 stable patients and 182 unstable patients), and 41 were controls. The results show satisfactory psychometric performance of the ASI-6. The degree of the internal consistency of the standardized objective scores ranged between .47 and .95. As for test-retest reliability, the values were acceptable, varying from .36 to 1. The study of the internal structure revealed a good fit to a unidimensional solution for all scales taken independently. Regarding convergent-discriminant validity, the correlations between the primary and secondary scales of the ASI-6 and the Clinic Global Impression score were low, with values from .01 to .26. Likewise, 8 of the 15 scales differentiated between controls and unstable patients. The psychometric properties of the ASI-6 Spanish version seem to be acceptable, though it is necessary to carry out new studies to test metric quality with independent samples of patients(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/organização & administração , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve/normas , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/tendências , Estudos Prospectivos , Sinais e Sintomas , Análise de Dados/métodos , Análise de Dados/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Variância
17.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment ; 2(4): 169-77, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23034346

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of sleep disturbances among patients with severe mental disorder ranges from 30 to 80%. Since the impact of these disturbances on patients' lives is substantial, there is a need for their evaluation and management. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ) in patients with severe mental disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an observational, prospective (3-month), multicenter study. A total of 259 individuals (184 patients with severe mental disorder and 75 controls) were included. EVALUATION: the OSQ, the sleep items of the Bech- Rafaelsen's Scales for Depression (MES item 3) and Mania (MAS item 5), and the Clinical Global Impression Scales for Severity of Mental Disorder (CGI-SMD) and Sleep Disorder (CGI-SSD). RESULTS: a) Factorial structure: two factors accounted for 57.65% of the variance; factor 1 (insomnia) accounted for 44.65% and factor 2 (hypersomnia) for 13%; b) internal consistency: total OSQ=0.90, insomnia scale=0.91, hypersomnia scale=0.88; c) testretest reliability=0.87; d) convergent validity: Pearson's correlation coefficients were 0.632 with item 3 of the MES, 0.619 with item 5 of the MAS, and 0.630 with the CGI-SS (p<0.001); e) discriminant validity: the OSQ was able to differentiate between patients and controls (p=0.018), and among distinct degrees of mental disorder severity (CGISMD) (p<0.001) and sleep disorder severity (CGI-SSD) (p<0.001); f) responsiveness: the OSQ, like the CGI-SSD (p=0.004), identified a significant decrease in the insomnia severity score after 3 months (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The OSQ is a valid and reliable method for measuring the sleep/wake cycle in patients with severe mental disorder.

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