Exposure to disrespectful maternity care and perceptions of respectful maternity care among nursing and midwifery pre-registration students in China: A national cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To 1) determine the prevalence and types of disrespectful maternity care witnessed by students; 2) describe students' perceptions of respectful maternity care and associated factors; and 3) investigate whether witnessing disrespectful care influences their perceptions of respectful maternity care. BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists about nursing and midwifery students' perceptions of respectful maternity care and prevalence of disrespectful maternity care in China. Understanding students' perceptions can inform pre-registration curricula and clinical practice programs, promoting the implementation of respectful maternity care. DESIGN: An exploratory national online survey was conducted. METHODS: Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and multi-factor analysis of variance. RESULTS: Among 733 students, positive perceptions towards respectful maternity care were common. Approximately one-fifth witnessed disrespect, with physical violence, lack of communication and untimely care most frequently reported. A better understanding of respectful maternity care was associated with female students of Han ethnicity, majoring in midwifery, undertaking a longer internship/practicum and reporting fewer instances of observed disrespect. Although students reported positive perceptions of respectful maternity care, inadequate understanding was evident. Incorporating relevant content about respectful care into the curriculum is suggested. Reducing students' exposure to disrespectful maternity care may ensure that certain forms of disrespect or abuse do not become normalized among students. This requires system-level efforts to create a safe and supportive working environment for maternity health providers. CONCLUSION: To promote respectful maternity care in China, system-level changes are warranted. Respectful maternity care needs to be essential content in pre-registration midwifery and nursing curricula. Encouraging students to identify poor practice and discuss good practice in a safe learning environment is warranted.

[Detection and Significance of Molecular Markers in Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer in Tibet].

Objective To study the expression of SWI/SNF-related,matrix-associated,actin-dependent regulator of chromatin,subfamily A,member 4(SMARCA4)/Brahma-related gene 1,V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B(BRAF),P53,programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1),and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1),and changes in the expression of BRAF and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase(NTRK) in the patients with colorectal cancer in Tibet,thereby providing a basis for targeted therapy and immunotherapy for this disease in Tibet. Methods A total of 64 patients with colorectal cancer resected in the Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2015 to July 2021 were enrolled in this study.The expression of SMARCA4,BRAF,P53,PD-1,and PD-L1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The gene fusion involving NTRK1,NTRK2,and NTRK3 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization,and the BRAF V600E gene mutation by polymerase chain reaction. Results The 64 patients with colorectal cancer were at a male-to-female ratio of 1.21∶1,with the mean age of (56.59±13.27) years.The tumors were located in the colon in 46(71.88%) patients and in the rectum in 18(28.12%) patients.Sixty(93.75%) patients presented adenocarcinoma,and 4(6.25%) patients presented other types of tumors.The patients in T1/T2 and T3/T4 phases accounted for 17.19%(n=11) and 82.81%(n=53),respectively.Lymph node metastasis occurred in 24(37.50%) patients.The immunohistochemical staining results showed partially down-regulated or absent expression of SMARCA4 in 1(1.56%) patient,positive BRAF expression in 4(6.25%) patients,and mutant expression of P53 in 35(54.69%) patients.The PD-1-expressing tumor associated immune cell was proportion score<10% in 45(70.31%) patients and≥10% in 19(29.69%) patients.The PD-L1 combined positive score was<10 in 52(81.25%) patients and≥10 in 12(18.75%) patients.The gene fusion of NTRK1,NTRK2,and NTRK3 was negative in all the patients,and BRAF V600E gene mutation was positive in 4(6.25%) patients.The SMARCA4 gene alteration was not detected in the patient with partial expression missing of SMARCA4.The PD-L1 combine positive score was correlated with the deficient mismatch repair(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and the PD-1 expression (χ2=10.223,P=0.001;χ2=11.979,P=0.001). Conclusions The down-regulated or absent SMARCA4 expression and NTRK gene fusion are rare in the patients with colorectal cancer in Tibet.A few patients present BRAF V600E gene mutations,and Pan-TRK and BRAF expression can be used for the primary screening of NTRK gene fusion and BRAF gene mutation.The patients with dMMR/MSI-H are prone to high expression of PD-L1 and expected to benefit from immunotherapy.No significant correlation exists between P53 mutation and PD-L1 expression.The high expression of PD-1 is positively correlated with the high expression of PD-L1.

[Disease spectrum and pathogenic genes of inherited metabolic disorder in Gansu Province of China]. / ç”˜è‚ƒåœ°åŒºé—ä¼ ä»£è°¢ç— ç–¾ç— è°±åŠè‡´ç— åŸºå› åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the disease spectrum and pathogenic genes of inherited metabolic disorder (IMD) among neonates in Gansu Province of China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the tandem mass spectrometry data of 286 682 neonates who received IMD screening in Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021. A genetic analysis was conducted on the neonates with positive results in tandem mass spectrometry during primary screening and reexamination. RESULTS: A total of 23 types of IMD caused by 28 pathogenic genes were found in the 286 682 neonates, and the overall prevalence rate of IMD was 0.63 (1/1 593), among which phenylketonuria showed the highest prevalence rate of 0.32 (1/3 083), followed by methylmalonic acidemia (0.11, 1/8 959) and tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (0.06, 1/15 927). In this study, 166 variants were identified in the 28 pathogenic genes, with 13 novel variants found in 9 genes. According to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, 5 novel variants were classified as pathogenic variants, 7 were classified as likely pathogenic variants, and 1 was classified as the variant of uncertain significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study enriches the database of pathogenic gene variants for IMD and provides basic data for establishing an accurate screening and diagnosis system for IMD in this region.

[Pathological Types,Expression of Mismatch Repair Protein,Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2,and Pan-TRK,and Eostein-Barr Virus Infection in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Resected in Tibet].

Objective To study the pathological types,expression of mismatch repair protein,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),and Pan-TRK,and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection in patients with colorectal cancer resected in Tibet. Methods A total of 79 patients with colorectal cancer resected in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from December 2013 to July 2021 were enrolled in this study.The clinical and pathological data of the patients were collected.The expression of mismatch repair protein,HER2,and Pan-TRK was detected by immunohistochemical(IHC)staining,and detection of HER2 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in the patients with HER2 IHC results of 2+ or above.EBV was detected by in situ hybridization with EBV-encoded small RNA. Results A total of 79 colorectal cancer patients were included in this study,with the male-to-female ratio of 1.26:1 and the mean age of(57.06±12.74)years(24-83 years).Among them,4 patients received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy.Colonic cancer and rectal cancer occurred in 57(57/79,72.15%,including 31 and 26 in the right colon and left colon,respectively)and 22(22/79,27.85%)patients,respectively.The maximum diameter of tumor varied within the range of 1-20 cm,with the mean of(6.61±3.33)cm.Among the 79 colorectal cancer patients,75(75/79,94.94%)patients showed adenocarcinoma.Lymph node metastasis occurred in 12(12/21,57.14%)out of the 21 patients with severe tumor budding,13(13/23,56.52%)out of the 23 patients with moderate tumor budding,and 2(2/31,6.45%)out of the 31 patients with mild tumor budding,respectively.The lymph node metastasis rate showed differences between the patients with severe/moderate tumor budding and the patients with mild tumor budding(all P<0.001).The IHC staining showed that mismatch repair protein was negative in 10(10/65,15.38%)patients,including 5 patients with both MSH2 and MSH6 negative,4 patients with both MLH1 and PMS2 negative,and 1 patient with MSH6 negative.Pan-TRK was negative in 65 patients.The IHC results of HER2 showed 0 or 1+ in 60 patients and 2+ in 5 patients.FISH showed no positive signal in the 5 patients with HER2 IHC results of 2+.The detection with EBV-encoded small RNA showed positive result in 1(1/65,1.54%)patient. Conclusions Non-specific adenocarcinoma of the right colon is the most common in the patients with colorectal cancer resected in Tibet,and 15% of the patients showed mismatch repair protein defects.EBV-associated colorectal carcer is rare,Pan-TRK expression and HER2 gene amplification are seldom.The colorectal cancer patients with moderate and severe tumor budding are more likely to have lymph node metastasis.

Dehydroaromatization of Indolines and Cyclohexanones with Thiol Access to Aryl Sulfides under Basic Conditions.

Aryl sulfides are common and ubiquitous motifs in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Presented herein is the first example of the synthesis of diaryl sulfide derivatives via dehydroaromatization under simple basic conditions. Dehydroaromatization reactions between indolines or cyclohexanones with aryl thiols are performed in an environmentally benign manner by the use of air (molecular oxygen) as the oxidant, with producing water as the only byproduct. The methodology provides a simple and practical route to diaryl sulfides with wide functional groups in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical process is involved in the transformation.

Water quality determines protist taxonomic and functional group composition in a high-altitude wetland of international importance.

Alpine wetland is a natural laboratory for studying the Earth's third polar ecosphere. Protist communities are key components of wetland ecosystems which are extremely vulnerable to environmental change. It is of great importance to study the protist community in relation to environment, which might be the key to understand the ecosystem of the alpine wetlands under global change. In this study, we investigated the composition of protist communities across the Mitika Wetland, a unique alpine wetland hosting tremendous endemic diversity. Using 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, we evaluated how protist taxonomic and functional group composition is structured by seasonal climate and environmental variation. We found a high relative abundance of Ochrophyta, Ciliophora, and Cryptophyta, each of which showcased a unique spatial pattern in the wet and dry seasons. The proportion of consumers, parasites and phototrophs groups were stable among the functional zones and also between the seasons, with consumers dominating communities in terms of richness, while phototrophic taxa dominated in terms of relative abundance. Protist and each functional group were rather regulated by deterministic than stochastic processes, with water quality having a strong control on communities. Salinity and pH were the most important environmental factors at shaping protistan community. The protist co-occurrence network dominated by the positive edge indicating the communities resisted extreme environmental conditions through close cooperation, and more consumers were determined as the keystones in wet season and more phototrophic taxa in dry season. Our results provided the baseline of the protist taxonomic and functional group composition in the highest wetland, and highlighted environmental selections drive protist distribution, implying the alpine wetland ecosystem are sensitive to climate changes and human activities.

Prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection using 2D and HDlive flow combined with spatiotemporal image correlation.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to examine the application value of two-dimensional (2D) and high-definition live (HDlive) flow combined with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in diagnosing fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). METHODS: Seventeen cases of fetal TAPVC were diagnosed using 2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC. These cases were then retrospectively analyzed to examine the value of using 2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC in the diagnosis of TAPVC. RESULTS: 2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC detected 13 cases of supracardiac TAPVC (two isolated cases, seven cases with right atrial isomerism (RAI), four cases with other complex malformations), one case of isolated intra-cardiac TAPVC, and three cases of cardiac TAPVC (two isolated cases and one case with complex congenital heart anomaly). Small left atrium (LA), the absence of PVs drainage into the LA and the increased retroatrial distance between LA and the descending aorta (DAo) were significant signs that should raise the suspicion of fetal TAPVC. HDlive Flow combined with STIC can dynamically display the TAPVC which may assit the prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC. CONCLUSION: 2D and HDlive Flow combined with STIC can assit the diagnosis of fetal TAPVC abnormalities and has important clinical value.

[Clinicopathological Features of Meningiomas in Tibet].

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of meningiomas in the Tibetan population in Tibet,and improve the understanding of meningiomas. Methods The clinical and pathological data of all the meningiomas diagnosed by pathology in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from April 2013 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.All the cases underwent immunohistochemical staining of trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3),mucin 4 (MUC4),somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2),progesterone receptor,epithelial membrane antigen,glial fibrillary acidic protein,vimentin,S-100,P53,and Ki-67.The histopathological features and the staining results were observed under a light microscope. Results A total of 116 cases of meningiomas were included in this study,with the male-to-female ratio of 1.0∶2.6 and the age of 4-73 years.The main clinical symptom was headache.The imaging examination showed that 114 cases had single lesions and 2 cases had multiple lesions.The tumors were located in the cranium (108 cases) and spinal canal (8 cases).The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 0.3 cm to 10.0 cm,with a mean of (5.7±2.2) cm.In terms of microscopic grading and histological types,the 116 cases included 111 cases of WHO grade Ⅰ (including 53 cases of fibrous type,20 cases of meningothelial type,24 cases of transitional type,10 cases of psammomatous type,etc.),4 cases of WHO grade Ⅱ (3 cases of atypical type and 1 case of clear cell type),and 1 case of WHO grade Ⅲ (papillary type).The immunohistochemical staining showed H3K27me3 expression absent in 9 cases (9/116,7.8%),MUC4 positive in 64 cases (64/116,55.2%),SSTR2 positive in 101 cases (101/116,87.1%).Eighty cases had follow-up results,among which 71 cases had no recurrence,while 9 cases recurred. Conclusions Meningioma is the most common tumor in the central nervous system in the pathological file of Tibet.It mainly attacks the middle-aged female patients,occupying the parasagittal sinus,falx,and convex surface of the brain.Fibrous meningioma of WHO grade Ⅰ is common,while the meningiomas of WHO grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ are rare.The expression degree of MUC4 is higher in meningothelial and transitional meningiomas but lower in fibrous meningiomas.There may be no correlation between the absence of H3K27me3 expression and prognosis.

Surfactant Therapy for Respiratory Distress Syndrome in High- and Ultra-High-Altitude Settings.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) on respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Materials and Methods: This multi-center retrospective cohort study collected and screened reasonable clinical data of 337 premature infants with RDS from 10 hospitals in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2015 to 2017. We grouped the cases by rationally analyzing their baseline characteristics, using logistic analysis to evaluate each factor's effect on the prognosis of the infants, and comparing the short-term improvement in blood gas and mortality after SRT treatment at different altitudes, in high-altitude (1,500-3,500 m) and ultra-high-altitude (3,500-5,500 m) groups. Results: Independent of altitude, the mortality rate of children with RDS in the SRT group was significantly lower than that of children in the non-SRT group (both P < 0.05). The effect of SRT on preterm infants with RDS in the high-altitude group [odds ratio (OR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-0.87, P = 0.02] was better than that in the infants in the ultra-high-altitude group (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.13-0.58, P < 0.01), with death rates of 34.34 and 49.71%, respectively. Similarly, after SRT, the improvement of PaO2/FiO2 and pH of children at high altitude was significantly better than those of children at ultra-high altitude (all P < 0.01). Conclusions: SRT plays a prominent role in curing infants with RDS in both high- and ultra-high-altitude regions, although with better effects at high rather than ultra-high altitude. This study provides a basis for further large-scale studies on SRT for RDS treatment at high altitudes.

[Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with Bilateral Cryptorchidism and Seminoma in Tibet:Report of One Case].

Androgen insensitivity syndrome(AIS)with bilateral testicular malignant transformation is very rare,and its diagnosis should be based on clinical manifestations,physical examination,serological findings,karyotype analysis,and pathological findings.This study reported a case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome among Tibetan in Tibet.It took 17 years from the discovery of congenital absence of uterus to bilateral pelvic mass resection.Pathological examination confirmed that bilateral pelvic space occupying lesions were dysplastic testicular tissue with seminoma and sertoli cell adenoma-like nodules.This study summarized the clinicopathological features to deepen the understanding of the disease.

Four-Component Reaction Access to Nitrile-Substituted All-Carbon Quaternary Centers.

A four-component reaction strategy for access to acyclic nitrile-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers is disclosed. In the presence of a DABCO-based ionic liquid catalyst, the reactions proceed smoothly with a wide range of substrates efficiently to deliver nitrile-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers under mild reaction conditions. This protocol is further demonstrated as an efficient method for the construction of contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers. All the reactions are easily operated in a green manner, producing water as the only byproduct. Some of the products show excellent activity against specific fungi.

Effects of serum from mismatched patients with solid organ transplantation on the activation of microvascular cultures isolated from adipose tissues.

BACKGROUND: Aggregating the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I antigens on the endothelial membrane has been known to elicit an activation, an underlying mechanism of chronic rejection in organ transplant recipients. The current study aims at examining the endothelial responses using HLA typed microvascular cultures from human adipose tissues upon exposure to the serum that contain corresponding antibodies collected from mismatched transplant recipients. METHODS: We have successfully cultured 30 microvascular cultures and typed their HLAs. They are functionally competent to respond to inflammatory TNF-α stimulation and the aggregating monoclonal antibody against HLA Class I. The post-transplantation serum was collected either from the recipients with pathologically diagnosed chronic rejection or from the recipients without rejection. We determined their activation either by double-staining the endothelial cells in crude cultures with flow cytometry or by quantifying cytokine releases in purified endothelial cells using ELISA. RESULTS: Under our current protocol, adipose tissue cultures are functionally intact in regard to its responses to TNF-alpha and anti-HLA Class I antibody. We observed that the post-transplantation serum with rejection contained the pathogenic antibodies and led to proinflammatory activation, as demonstrated by not only increased CD54+/CD31+ and CD106+/CD31+ cell counts but also inflammatory cytokine releases including MCP-1, IL-8 and RANTES. CONCLUSION: This methodological study provides the feasibility of examining the pathogenicity of the alloantibodies in mis-transplant serum. Potentially, the endothelial activation elicited as a result of exposure can be used as an alternative readout for chronic rejection. SIGNIFICANCE: We prototype an ex vivo model that enables us to examine whether allogenic antibodies from the recipient can functionally activate microvascular endothelial cells from the donor adipose tissues. This system can be further developed as crossmatch using cellular responses as readouts for chronic rejection for post-transplant surveillance.

Aerobic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions for Selective Mono- and Dithiolation of Phenols.

A highly efficient strategy for the direct thiolation of phenols under transition metal-free and solvent-free conditions has been developed. These reactions are operationally simple with employing air (molecular oxygen) as an ideal oxidant and can selectively provide mono- and dithiolation products in good to excellent yields under basic conditions. The reaction tolerates a broad range of aryl thiols and arenes and is especially applicable for large-scale synthesis.

[Clinicopathological Analysis of Brain Metastatic Carcinoma in Tibet].

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical phenotypes of brain metastatic carcinoma in Tibetan patients. Methods The clinical and pathological data of all patients with brain metastases from 2014 to 2020 in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed,including 13 cases of brain metastatic carcinoma.All cases were diagnosed and classified by immunohistochemical staining. Results 13 cases(9 males and 4 females)of brain metastatic carcinoma,aged 26-62 years old,present with headache,dizziness,nausea and vomiting clinically.Four patients had a medical history of tumor,and among the 9 patients with no history of tumor,7 present space occupying lesions in both the brain and other organs.Imaging data could be found in 10 cases,including 4 cases of single lesion and 6 cases of multiple lesions.Primary tumors were identified in 11 cases(8 located in the lung,including 4 cases of adenocarcinoma,3 cases of small cell carcinoma,and 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma;1 case of urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis;1 case of thyroid papillary carcinoma;1 case of uterine choriocarcinoma),whereas the primary tumor was unknown for the other 2 cases(1 case of small cell carcinoma and 1 case of adenocarcinoma). Conclusions Brain metastatic carcinoma are more common among middle-aged and elderly people in Tibet.Most of the cases have no history of tumor,with the initial site at the brain metastatic lesions.The most common primary site is the lung,and the primary site of some cases is unknown.Multiple lesions are common in brain metastatic carcinoma,especially in the cerebral hemisphere.For older patients with multiple brain space occupying lesions,the possibility of brain metastatic carcinoma increases.

Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Indoline-2-ones with Aminobenzamides via Dual C-H Functionalization.

We describe an unprecedented dual C-H functionalization of indolin-2-one via an oxidative C(sp3)-H/N-H/X-H (X = N, C, S) cross-coupling protocol, which is catalyzed by a simple iron salt under mild and ligand-free conditions and employs air (molecular oxygen) as the terminal oxidant. This method is readily applicable for the construction of tetrasubstituted carbon centers from methylenes and provides a wide variety of spiro N-heterocyclic oxindoles.

Iron-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Alkylation and Hydroxylation of Indolin-2-ones with Alkyl-Substituted N-Heteroarenes.

Presented herein is the first direct alkylation and hydroxylation reaction between two different C(sp3 )-H bonds, indolin-2-ones and alkyl-substituted N-heteroarenes, through an oxidative cross-coupling reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by a simple iron salt under mild ligand-free and base-free conditions. The reaction is environmentally benign, employs air (molecular oxygen) as the terminal oxidant and oxygen source for the synthesis of O-containing compounds, and produces only water as the byproduct.

Ellagic acid promotes ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction by up-regulating miR-140-3p.

In the paper, we observed the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on myocardial morphology and cardiac function and explored the mechanism of miR-140-3p-mediated EA in ventricular remodeling. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups: control group, AMI group, AMI+EA group. Intragastric administration for 4 weeks was initiated on the first day after surgery in rats. Rodent echocardiography was used to measure heart size and cardiac function. The level of fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. The number of cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The expression of miR-140-3p and MKK6 was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that EA could effectively improve the left ventricular function of AMI rats, reduce fibrosis area and infarct area. Moreover, EA significantly increased the expression of miR-140-3p and inhibited the expression of MKK6. However, miR-140-3p inhibitor up-regulated MKK6 expression, and miR-140-3p overexpression reversed the expression. In addition, EA could inhibit cell apoptosis, while miR-140-3p inhibitor increased cell apoptosis. After transfection with si-MKK6, the level of cell apoptosis was significantly decreased. These results indicated that EA improved ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by up-regulating miR-140-3p expression and inhibiting MKK6 expression.

Esculentoside A inhibits LPS-induced acute kidney injury by activating PPAR-γ.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Esculentoside A (EsA), a kind of saponin isolated from the root of the Chinese herb Phytolaca esculenta, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of EsA on LPS-induced AKI in mice. The protective effects of EsA was evaluated by detecting kidney histological change, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and inflammatory cytokines production. The results showed that EsA significantly attenuated LPS-induced kidney histological change, as well as BUN and creatinine levels. EsA also inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 production. LPS-induced NF-κB activation was significantly suppressed by treatment of EsA. In addition, EsA up-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, EsA protected mice effectively from LPS-induced AKI by PPAR-γ, which subsequently inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response.

Value of multi-b value DWI in the assessment of early cerebral changes in asymptomatic HIV-positive adolescents.

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI techniques have been widely used in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection related diseases. Purpose To explore whether magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can track water molecular diffusion changes in the brain of asymptomatic HIV-positive adolescents. Material and Methods Multi-b value DWI was performed in 23 adolescents, including 15 HIV-positive participants and eight HIV-negative healthy participants. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), slow apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCs) values, fast apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCf) values, distribution diffusion coefficient (DDC) values, and heterogeneity index (α) values were calculated within regions of interest (ROIs) in the frontal lobes, basal ganglia, and temporal lobe. Non-parametric tests were then performed. Results In the bilateral frontal lobes, the mean α values in HIV-positive participants were significantly increased compared with those in healthy participants (right side P = 0.001; left side P = 0.000). In the left frontal lobe, the mean DDC value in HIV-positive participants was significantly increased compared with that in healthy participants ( P = 0.008). In the bilateral frontal lobes, the mean ADCf values in HIV-positive participants were significantly lower than those in healthy participants (right side P = 0.011; left side P = 0.008). In the left basal ganglia, the mean α values in HIV-positive participants were significantly lower than that in healthy participants ( P = 0.013). Conclusion Multi-b value DWI could reflect the early characteristics of water molecule diffusion in HIV infections.

Rb1 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence: involvement of caveolin-1 / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:Endothelial cell senescence has been proposed to be involved in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis.This study aims to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rb1,a major constituent of ginseng,on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced endothelial cell senescence,and to explore the expression and production of caveolin-1 in H2O2-induced premature senescence.METHODS:The senescence of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was induced by H2O2 as judged by morphology inspection,senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and cell cycle detection.The protein expression of caveolin-1 was determined by Western blot and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.RESULTS:Treatment of the HUVECs with H2O2 at 60 μmoL/L induced premature senescence,as judged by enlarged,flattened cell morphology,increased SA-β-Gal activity and sustained growth arrest.H2O2 effectively increased caveolin-1 level.Pretreatment of the HUVECs with Rb1 was found to reverse endothelial cell senescence,as witnessed by a significant decrease in senescent cell numbers and a decreased percentage of G0/G1 phase cells.Furthermore,Rb1 administration reversed the H2O2-increased protein level of caveolin-1.CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rb1 antagonizes H2O2-induced endothelial cell senescence through caveolin-1 modulation.