Different prepartum feeding systems on ewe metabolic profile and lamb growth / Diferentes sistemas alimentares no pré-parto sob perfil metabólico das ovelhas e crescimento dos cordeiros

Identifying the metabolic profile of farm animals constitutes an important tool for the clinical diagnosis of metabolic diseases that can affect animal production performance. This study investigates the prepartum metabolic profile of ewes reared in two feeding systems native pasture and cultivated pasture of black oat and ryegrass and their effects on lamb development. Forty adult Texel ewes and their lambs were used and evaluated for metabolites representative of energy, protein, and mineral metabolism in the prepartum period. Ewes kept on cultivated pasture exhibited higher glucose levels than those kept on native pasture (59.67 vs. 31.98 mg/dL, respectively), whereas those kept on native pasture had higher serum Ca and P levels (7.62 and 4.58 mg/dL, respectively) than the ewes on cultivated pasture (6.21 and 3.73 mg/dL, respectively). Albumin was higher in the ewes with single pregnancy (2.92 vs. 2.76 g/dL), while urea levels were affected by the interaction between feeding system and type of pregnancy. Prepartum levels of glucose, phosphorus, and calcium in the blood of the ewes were correlated with lamb weight at 30 days. The feeding system influenced the metabolic profile of the ewes in the prepartum period, with lamb weight at 30 days of age being mainly associated with the mother's glucose level at the end of the gestation period.(AU)

A identificação do perfil metabólico em animais de produção apresenta-se como uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico clínico de doenças do metabolismo que podem afetar no desempenho produtivo dos animais. Avaliou-se o perfil metabólico no pré-parto de ovelhas criadas em dois sistemas alimentares, a pasto (pastagem nativa) e pastagem cultivada de aveia preta e azevém e seus efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento dos cordeiros. Foram utilizadas 40 ovelhas adultas, da raça Texel, e seus respectivos cordeiros, nas quais foram mensurados no pré-parto os metabólitos representativos do metabolismo energético, proteico e mineral. Animais mantidos em pastagem cultivada apresentaram maiores valores de glicose em relação aos mantidos em pastagem nativa (59,67 vs 31,98 mg/dL, respectivamente), e os animais mantidos em pastagem nativa apresentaram maiores níveis séricos de Ca e P (7,62 e 4,58 mg/dL, respectivamente) do que os em pastagem cultivada (6,21e 3,73 mg/dL, respectivamente). A albumina foi maior nas ovelhas com gestação simples (2,92 vs 2,76 g/dL) enquanto os níveis de ureia sofreram efeito da interação sistema alimentar vs tipo de gestação. Os teores de glicose, fósforo e cálcio no sangue das ovelhas no pré-parto se mostraram correlacionados com o peso dos cordeiros aos 30 dias. O sistema alimentar influenciou o perfil metabólico das ovelhas no pré-parto sendo o peso dos cordeiros aos 30 dias de idade principalmente associado com o nível de glicose da mãe no final do período gestacional.(AU)

Zootechnical and health performance of Holstein x Gir crossbred calves.

Crossbreeding is used to increase production and disease resistance in adult animals, and there is no research to assess the performance of animals in the early stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical and health performance of Holstein x Gir calves (½ HG: ½ Dutch ½ Gir and ¾ HG: ¾ Dutch » Gir), from birth to 80 days of age, and compare metabolic parameters between groups. In this sense, calves were monitored for zootechnical parameters; epidemiological indexes such as morbidity, mortality, recurrence of diarrhea, pneumonia, and other diseases; as well as serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, urea, and paraoxonase1 (PON1). ¾ HG calves showed higher morbidity for diarrhea and remained with diarrhea for longer compared to ½ HG calves, and this was reflected in the average daily weight gain until the 42nd day, with ½ HG calves performing better. There were no differences regarding passive immune transfer between groups, as well as no differences in morbidity and mortality from pneumonia. Regarding biochemical analyses, a difference was found only in the concentrations of PON1, which were higher in ¾ HG calves. The findings show that blood degree influences the occurrence and duration of diarrhea, negatively impacting the zootechnical performance of the animals. Crossbreeding bulls with zebu cattle can be an alternative to increase calf resistance and reduce diarrhea, thus lowering economic losses and improving animal performance.

Use of the rumination profile through collar sensors for mastitis diagnosis in dairy cows

Background: Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, mostly associated with bacterial infections. Itis responsible for great economic losses due to decreased milk yield, discarded milk, milk composition alterations andtreatment costs, besides it impairs the animal health and welfare. The rumination time is an important behavioral markerand its assessment can be used as an early diagnosis tool, which can improve cure rate. Therefore, the aim of the presentstudy was to evaluate the sensitivity of behavior monitoring system collars in the diagnosis of mastitis and the averagerumination time (RT) of Holstein cows during the healthy period and affected by the disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted on a commercial property located in the municipality of RioGrande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The RT data from 39 multiparous Holstein cows with an average milk yield of 38.4 L/day was collected. RT monitoring was performed using C-Tech1 collars combined with CowMed® software, which assessbehavior data from the animals and emits warning signals when it finds abnormalities in any parameter. In order to verifywhether the animals were determined correlated with diseases, the sensitivity of the data was evaluated, when the systemhad given the alert to animals considered ill, they underwent to a further clinical evaluation performed by a veterinarian toconfirm the diagnosis. From the diagnosis, the cows were divided into subclinical mastitis (SM) and clinical mastitis (CM)groups. SM was detected by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and cows that were graded 1 (++), 2 (++) or 3 (+++) withoutthe presence of any other clinical sign were assigned to the SM group. CM was assessed by observation of abnormalitiesin milk such as changes in color and consistency, as well as the presence of lumps, clots or blood; and clinical examinationof the udder was performed for detection of hot, hard, swollen or painful quarters...(AU)

Use of the rumination profile through collar sensors for mastitis diagnosis in dairy cows

Background: Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, mostly associated with bacterial infections. Itis responsible for great economic losses due to decreased milk yield, discarded milk, milk composition alterations andtreatment costs, besides it impairs the animal health and welfare. The rumination time is an important behavioral markerand its assessment can be used as an early diagnosis tool, which can improve cure rate. Therefore, the aim of the presentstudy was to evaluate the sensitivity of behavior monitoring system collars in the diagnosis of mastitis and the averagerumination time (RT) of Holstein cows during the healthy period and affected by the disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted on a commercial property located in the municipality of RioGrande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The RT data from 39 multiparous Holstein cows with an average milk yield of 38.4 L/day was collected. RT monitoring was performed using C-Tech1 collars combined with CowMed® software, which assessbehavior data from the animals and emits warning signals when it finds abnormalities in any parameter. In order to verifywhether the animals were determined correlated with diseases, the sensitivity of the data was evaluated, when the systemhad given the alert to animals considered ill, they underwent to a further clinical evaluation performed by a veterinarian toconfirm the diagnosis. From the diagnosis, the cows were divided into subclinical mastitis (SM) and clinical mastitis (CM)groups. SM was detected by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and cows that were graded 1 (++), 2 (++) or 3 (+++) withoutthe presence of any other clinical sign were assigned to the SM group. CM was assessed by observation of abnormalitiesin milk such as changes in color and consistency, as well as the presence of lumps, clots or blood; and clinical examinationof the udder was performed for detection of hot, hard, swollen or painful quarters...

Effect of different levels of Ipomoea batatasflour inclusion on the ruminal pH of sheep in metabolic cages

The accumulation of industrial by-products increases the use of sweet potato waste for ruminants, but ruminal pH characteristics are still not well known. The objective was to assess the fluctuation of ruminal pH in sheep supplemented with different levels of sweet potato flour inclusion in their diet. Four rumen-fistulated sheep were used; they were fed a diet based on ryegrass haylage (Lolium multiflorum) and sweet potato flour (Ipomoea batatas), provided according to the level of inclusion in the total diet (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%). Approximately 80 ml of ruminal fluid was collected for reading on a bench pH meter. Statistical data analysis was run on Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute INC. Cary, NC, USA), and statistical difference was considered for p < 0.05. The animals that received 1.5% of sweet potato flour in their diet presented acid rumen pH; the 1.0% group presented rumen pH acidification in the first 6 hours after feeding, and the 0.5% level of inclusion did not change the rumen environment. It is concluded that the inclusion of 0.5% sweet potato flour in sheep diet proved to be an efficient energy supplementation strategy.(AU)

Vitamin and mineral supplementation improves erythrocytic recovery and productive performance of infected by gastrointestinal parasites / A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais melhora a recuperação eritrocítica e o desempenho produtivo de cordeiros infectados por parasitas gastrointestinais

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a vitamin and mineral complex, associated with the application of an efficient anthelmintic, in parasitized lambs, with characteristic signs of gastrointestinal nematode infection, on hematological clinical parameters of clinical improvementand weight gain. 60 lambs Australian Merino breed, with 8 and 9 months of age, were segregated in four groups: control (no supplemetation); formula 1 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus, Cyanocobalamin and Vitamin k); formula 2 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus and Cyanocobalamin); and formula 3 (Vitamin k). Hematocrit, prothrombin time, total plasma proteins, color of the conjunctiva and weight gain were analyzed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through the repeated measures test. There was no statistical difference between treatments for the variables of hematocrit (P = 0.564), prothrombin time (P = 0.911) and plasma proteins (P = 0.6), for the conjunctiva color variable there was a difference (P = 0.052 ), with greater results for the groups supplemented with Vitamin K, Butafosfan, Cyanocobalamin and Iron (groups F1 and F3), as well as those same groups reached higher body weight at D35 (P = 0.023). It can be concluded that the administration of vitamin and mineral complex, associated with efficient anthelmintic, promoted a better performance in parasitized lambs.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um complexo vitamínico e mineral, aplicado junto com a administração de um anti-helmíntico eficiente, em cordeiros parasitados, com sinais característicos de infecção por nematóide gastrointestinal, sobre os parâmetros clínicos hematológicos de melhora clínica e ganho de peso. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros da raça Merino Australiano, com 8 e 9 meses de idade, segregados em quatro grupos: controle (não suplementado); fórmula 1 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico, Cianocobalamina e Vitamina k); fórmula 2 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico e Cianocobalamina); e fórmula 3 (Vitamina k). Foram analisados hematócrito, tempo de protrombina, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), coloração da conjuntiva e ganho de peso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) através do teste de medidas repetidas. Não houve diferença estatísticas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de hematócrito (P=0,564), tempo de protrombina (P=0,911) e PPT (P=0,6), para a variável de coloração da conjuntiva houve diferença (P=0,052), com resultados superiores para os grupos suplementados com Vitamina K, Butafosfan, Cianocobalamina e Ferro (grupos F1 e F3), assim como esses mesmos grupos atingiram peso vivo no D35 superior (P=0,023). Podendo concluir que a administração de complexo vitamínico e mineral, administrado em conjunto com anti-helmíntico eficiente, promoveu um melhor desempenho em cordeiros parasitados.(AU)

Effect of different levels of Ipomoea batatasflour inclusion on the ruminal pH of sheep in metabolic cages

The accumulation of industrial by-products increases the use of sweet potato waste for ruminants, but ruminal pH characteristics are still not well known. The objective was to assess the fluctuation of ruminal pH in sheep supplemented with different levels of sweet potato flour inclusion in their diet. Four rumen-fistulated sheep were used; they were fed a diet based on ryegrass haylage (Lolium multiflorum) and sweet potato flour (Ipomoea batatas), provided according to the level of inclusion in the total diet (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%). Approximately 80 ml of ruminal fluid was collected for reading on a bench pH meter. Statistical data analysis was run on Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute INC. Cary, NC, USA), and statistical difference was considered for p < 0.05. The animals that received 1.5% of sweet potato flour in their diet presented acid rumen pH; the 1.0% group presented rumen pH acidification in the first 6 hours after feeding, and the 0.5% level of inclusion did not change the rumen environment. It is concluded that the inclusion of 0.5% sweet potato flour in sheep diet proved to be an efficient energy supplementation strategy.

Vitamin and mineral supplementation improves erythrocytic recovery and productive performance of infected by gastrointestinal parasites / A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais melhora a recuperação eritrocítica e o desempenho produtivo de cordeiros infectados por parasitas gastrointestinais

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a vitamin and mineral complex, associated with the application of an efficient anthelmintic, in parasitized lambs, with characteristic signs of gastrointestinal nematode infection, on hematological clinical parameters of clinical improvementand weight gain. 60 lambs Australian Merino breed, with 8 and 9 months of age, were segregated in four groups: control (no supplemetation); formula 1 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus, Cyanocobalamin and Vitamin k); formula 2 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus and Cyanocobalamin); and formula 3 (Vitamin k). Hematocrit, prothrombin time, total plasma proteins, color of the conjunctiva and weight gain were analyzed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through the repeated measures test. There was no statistical difference between treatments for the variables of hematocrit (P = 0.564), prothrombin time (P = 0.911) and plasma proteins (P = 0.6), for the conjunctiva color variable there was a difference (P = 0.052 ), with greater results for the groups supplemented with Vitamin K, Butafosfan, Cyanocobalamin and Iron (groups F1 and F3), as well as those same groups reached higher body weight at D35 (P = 0.023). It can be concluded that the administration of vitamin and mineral complex, associated with efficient anthelmintic, promoted a better performance in parasitized lambs.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um complexo vitamínico e mineral, aplicado junto com a administração de um anti-helmíntico eficiente, em cordeiros parasitados, com sinais característicos de infecção por nematóide gastrointestinal, sobre os parâmetros clínicos hematológicos de melhora clínica e ganho de peso. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros da raça Merino Australiano, com 8 e 9 meses de idade, segregados em quatro grupos: controle (não suplementado); fórmula 1 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico, Cianocobalamina e Vitamina k); fórmula 2 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico e Cianocobalamina); e fórmula 3 (Vitamina k). Foram analisados hematócrito, tempo de protrombina, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), coloração da conjuntiva e ganho de peso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) através do teste de medidas repetidas. Não houve diferença estatísticas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de hematócrito (P=0,564), tempo de protrombina (P=0,911) e PPT (P=0,6), para a variável de coloração da conjuntiva houve diferença (P=0,052), com resultados superiores para os grupos suplementados com Vitamina K, Butafosfan, Cianocobalamina e Ferro (grupos F1 e F3), assim como esses mesmos grupos atingiram peso vivo no D35 superior (P=0,023). Podendo concluir que a administração de complexo vitamínico e mineral, administrado em conjunto com anti-helmíntico eficiente, promoveu um melhor desempenho em cordeiros parasitados.

Vitamin and mineral supplementation improves erythrocytic recovery and productive performance of infected by gastrointestinal parasites

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a vitamin and mineral complex, associated with the application of an efficient anthelmintic, in parasitized lambs, with characteristic signs of gastrointestinal nematode infection, on hematological clinical parameters of clinical improvementand weight gain. 60 lambs Australian Merino breed, with 8 and 9 months of age, were segregated in four groups: control (no supplemetation); formula 1 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus, Cyanocobalamin and Vitamin k); formula 2 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus and Cyanocobalamin); and formula 3 (Vitamin k). Hematocrit, prothrombin time, total plasma proteins, color of the conjunctiva and weight gain were analyzed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through the repeated measures test. There was no statistical difference between treatments for the variables of hematocrit (P = 0.564), prothrombin time (P = 0.911) and plasma proteins (P = 0.6), for the conjunctiva color variable there was a difference (P = 0.052 ), with greater results for the groups supplemented with Vitamin K, Butafosfan, Cyanocobalamin and Iron (groups F1 and F3), as well as those same groups reached higher body weight at D35 (P = 0.023). It can be concluded that the administration of vitamin and mineral complex, associated with efficient anthelmintic, promoted a better performance in parasitized lambs.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um complexo vitamínico e mineral, aplicado junto com a administração de um anti-helmíntico eficiente, em cordeiros parasitados, com sinais característicos de infecção por nematóide gastrointestinal, sobre os parâmetros clínicos hematológicos de melhora clínica e ganho de peso. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros da raça Merino Australiano, com 8 e 9 meses de idade, segregados em quatro grupos: controle (não suplementado); fórmula 1 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico, Cianocobalamina e Vitamina k); fórmula 2 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico e Cianocobalamina); e fórmula 3 (Vitamina k). Foram analisados hematócrito, tempo de protrombina, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), coloração da conjuntiva e ganho de peso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) através do teste de medidas repetidas. Não houve diferença estatísticas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de hematócrito (P=0,564), tempo de protrombina (P=0,911) e PPT (P=0,6), para a variável de coloração da conjuntiva houve diferença (P=0,052), com resultados superiores para os grupos suplementados com Vitamina K, Butafosfan, Cianocobalamina e Ferro (grupos F1 e F3), assim como esses mesmos grupos atingiram peso vivo no D35 superior (P=0,023). Podendo concluir que a administração de complexo vitamínico e mineral, administrado em conjunto com anti-helmíntico eficiente, promoveu um melhor desempenho em cordeiros parasitados.

Use of sulfonamides for the treatment of bovine neonatal diarrhea: clinical and performance parameters / Utilização de sulfonamidas para o tratamento de diarreia neonatal bovina: parâmetros clínicos e zootécnicos

This study was developed to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and performance parameters of calves affected by diarrhea caused by the bacterial enteric pathogen Escherichia coli, treated with three different protocols containing sulfonamides. Fourteen Holstein calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age, and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, administered orally (BM), dissolved in 160 ml of water every 24 h; Group 2 (n=4) received IM sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), and Group 3 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, which is made up of 16 g of phthalylsulfathiazole, associated with 2.28 g neomycin sulfate, 1.6 g of pectin, and 80 g of kaolin, dissolved in 160 ml of water and administered every 24 h by mouth, in addition to sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg live weight, through IM injection. During the study, the animals were clinically evaluated, and once they were diagnosed with diarrhea, feces samples were collected to identify the bacterial enteric pathogen, antibiogram, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and coproparasitological exams. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the hematological profile, and the performance profile was monitored weekly. In the clinical examination, all calves presented a reduction in body temperature (<39.2°C) and some improvement in hydration after treatment (p=0,31). However, group 2 had a better concentration of lymphocytes and TP concerning the other animals, as well as better performance. Besides, E.coli was detected in 100% of feces samples. Thus, the therapeutic protocols with sulfonamides used to treat bovine neonatal diarrhea were effective in the clinical improvement of the animals. Nonetheless, the protocol with systemic therapy using sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil) intramuscularly, provided better performance, with better weight gain, and body development of the animals.(AU)

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e zootécnicos de bezerras acometidas por diarreia provocada pelo agente bacteriano Escherichia coli, tratadas com três diferentes protocolos contendo sulfonamidas. Quatorze bezerras da raça Holandês foram monitoradas do nascimento até os 60 dias de vida e divididas em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 (n=5), animais tratados com a dose de 80g de Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brasil, por via oral (VO), dissolvido em 160ml de água a cada 24 horas; Grupo 2 (n=4) receberam sulfadiazina e trimetropim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil), na dose de 16mg/Kg de peso vivo, por dia, por via intramuscular (IM); Grupo 3 (n=5) 80g de Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brasil, por VO dissolvido em 160ml de água, a cada 24 horas e com 16mg/Kg de peso vivo, por dia, de sulfadiazina e trimetoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil), por via IM. Durante o estudo, os animais foram avaliados clinicamente e a partir do diagnóstico de diarreia foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a identificação do agente bacteriano, antibiograma, reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e exames coproparasitológicos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avaliação do perfil hematológico e o perfil zootécnico foi acompanhado semanalmente. No exame clínico, todas as bezerras apresentaram redução na temperatura corporal (<39,2°C) e melhora na hidratação após o período de tratamento (p=0,31), porém o grupo 2 obteve maior concentração de linfócitos e PPT em relação aos demais, assim como melhor desempenho zootécnico, além disso em 100% das amostras de fezes foi detectado E. coli. Sendo assim, os protocolos terapêuticos com sulfonamidas utilizados para o tratamento da diarreia neonatal bovina foram eficazes na melhora clínica dos animais. Porém, o protocolo com terapia sistêmica com sulfadiazina e trimetoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil) por via intramuscular proporcionou um melhor desempenho zootécnico, com melhor ganho de peso e desenvolvimento corporal dos animais.(AU)

Use of sulfonamides for the treatment of bovine neonatal diarrhea: clinical and performance parameters / Utilização de sulfonamidas para o tratamento de diarreia neonatal bovina: parâmetros clínicos e zootécnicos

This study was developed to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and performance parameters of calves affected by diarrhea caused by the bacterial enteric pathogen Escherichia coli, treated with three different protocols containing sulfonamides. Fourteen Holstein calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age, and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, administered orally (BM), dissolved in 160 ml of water every 24 h; Group 2 (n=4) received IM sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), and Group 3 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, which is made up of 16 g of phthalylsulfathiazole, associated with 2.28 g neomycin sulfate, 1.6 g of pectin, and 80 g of kaolin, dissolved in 160 ml of water and administered every 24 h by mouth, in addition to sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg live weight, through IM injection. During the study, the animals were clinically evaluated, and once they were diagnosed with diarrhea, feces samples were collected to identify the bacterial enteric pathogen, antibiogram, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and coproparasitological exams. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the hematological profile, and the performance profile was monitored weekly. In the clinical examination, all calves presented a reduction in body temperature (<39.2°C) and some improvement in hydration after treatment (p=0,31). However, group 2 had a better concentration of lymphocytes and TP concerning the other animals, as well as better performance. Besides, E.coli was detected in 100% of feces samples. Thus, the therapeutic protocols with sulfonamides used to treat bovine neonatal diarrhea were effective in the clinical improvement of the animals. Nonetheless, the protocol with systemic therapy using sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil) intramuscularly, provided better performance, with better weight gain, and body development of the animals.(AU)

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e zootécnicos de bezerras acometidas por diarreia provocada pelo agente bacteriano Escherichia coli, tratadas com três diferentes protocolos contendo sulfonamidas. Quatorze bezerras da raça Holandês foram monitoradas do nascimento até os 60 dias de vida e divididas em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 (n=5), animais tratados com a dose de 80g de Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brasil, por via oral (VO), dissolvido em 160ml de água a cada 24 horas; Grupo 2 (n=4) receberam sulfadiazina e trimetropim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil), na dose de 16mg/Kg de peso vivo, por dia, por via intramuscular (IM); Grupo 3 (n=5) 80g de Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brasil, por VO dissolvido em 160ml de água, a cada 24 horas e com 16mg/Kg de peso vivo, por dia, de sulfadiazina e trimetoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil), por via IM. Durante o estudo, os animais foram avaliados clinicamente e a partir do diagnóstico de diarreia foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a identificação do agente bacteriano, antibiograma, reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e exames coproparasitológicos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avaliação do perfil hematológico e o perfil zootécnico foi acompanhado semanalmente. No exame clínico, todas as bezerras apresentaram redução na temperatura corporal (<39,2°C) e melhora na hidratação após o período de tratamento (p=0,31), porém o grupo 2 obteve maior concentração de linfócitos e PPT em relação aos demais, assim como melhor desempenho zootécnico, além disso em 100% das amostras de fezes foi detectado E. coli. Sendo assim, os protocolos terapêuticos com sulfonamidas utilizados para o tratamento da diarreia neonatal bovina foram eficazes na melhora clínica dos animais. Porém, o protocolo com terapia sistêmica com sulfadiazina e trimetoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil) por via intramuscular proporcionou um melhor desempenho zootécnico, com melhor ganho de peso e desenvolvimento corporal dos animais.(AU)

Utilização de taninos como aditivo nutricional na dieta de ruminantes / Use of tannins as a nutritional additive for ruminants / Uso de taninos como aditivo nutricional en dieta de rumiantes

Os taninos são compostos fenólicos presentes em plantas, classificados quanto à estrutura química em compostos hidrolisáveis e condensados. Os condensados são adicionados à dieta de ruminantes devido a sua capacidade de formar complexos com proteínas tornando-as não degradáveis no ambiente ruminal. Dessa forma, aumenta o aporte proteico no intestino delgado onde ocorrerá a maior absorção na porção cranial do órgão, o duodeno. A vantagem desse mecanismo é aumentar o aproveitamento da proteína da dieta pelos animais o que influenciará na produtividade e sistema imunológico, entre outros. Os efeitos positivos com a utilização desse composto como aditivo nutricional ainda precisam ser estudados, portanto, o objetivo dessa revisão consiste em demonstrar os resultados, até então conhecidos, da utilização de taninos condensados na dieta de ruminantes.(AU)

Tannins are phenolic compounds present in plants. According to their chemical structure, they can be classified into hydrolysable and condensed compounds. Condensed compounds are added to the ruminant nutrition due to their ability to form complexes with proteins, rendering them as non-degradable in the rumen environment. Thus, it increases the protein supply in the small intestine, where the highest absorption will occur in the duodenum, the cranial portion of the organ. The advantage of this mechanism is the increase of the use of dietary protein by the animals, which will thus influence productivity and the immune system, among others. The positive effects of the use of this compound as a nutritional additive still need to be further investigated, therefore, the purpose of this review is to demonstrate the known results of the use of condensed tannins in the diet of ruminants.(AU)

Los taninos son compuestos fenólicos presentes en plantas, clasificados según la estructura química en compuestos hidrolizables y condensados. Los condensados se agregan a la dieta de rumiantes debido a su capacidad de formar complejos con proteínas, haciéndolas no degradables en el entorno del rumen. Así, aumenta el aporte proteico en el intestino delgado donde habrá mayor absorción en la porción craneal del órgano, el duodeno. La ventaja de ese mecanismo es aumentar el aprovechamiento de la proteína de la dieta por los animales, lo que influirá en la productividad y sistema inmunológico, entre otros. Los efectos positivos con la utilización de ese compuesto, como aditivo nutricional, todavía necesita ser estudiado, el objetivo de esa revisión consiste en demostrar los resultados, hasta ahora conocidos, del uso de taninos condensados en la dieta de rumiantes.(AU)

Utilização de taninos como aditivo nutricional na dieta de ruminantes / Use of tannins as a nutritional additive for ruminants / Uso de taninos como aditivo nutricional en dieta de rumiantes

Os taninos são compostos fenólicos presentes em plantas, classificados quanto à estrutura química em compostos hidrolisáveis e condensados. Os condensados são adicionados à dieta de ruminantes devido a sua capacidade de formar complexos com proteínas tornando-as não degradáveis no ambiente ruminal. Dessa forma, aumenta o aporte proteico no intestino delgado onde ocorrerá a maior absorção na porção cranial do órgão, o duodeno. A vantagem desse mecanismo é aumentar o aproveitamento da proteína da dieta pelos animais o que influenciará na produtividade e sistema imunológico, entre outros. Os efeitos positivos com a utilização desse composto como aditivo nutricional ainda precisam ser estudados, portanto, o objetivo dessa revisão consiste em demonstrar os resultados, até então conhecidos, da utilização de taninos condensados na dieta de ruminantes.(AU)

Tannins are phenolic compounds present in plants. According to their chemical structure, they can be classified into hydrolysable and condensed compounds. Condensed compounds are added to the ruminant nutrition due to their ability to form complexes with proteins, rendering them as non-degradable in the rumen environment. Thus, it increases the protein supply in the small intestine, where the highest absorption will occur in the duodenum, the cranial portion of the organ. The advantage of this mechanism is the increase of the use of dietary protein by the animals, which will thus influence productivity and the immune system, among others. The positive effects of the use of this compound as a nutritional additive still need to be further investigated, therefore, the purpose of this review is to demonstrate the known results of the use of condensed tannins in the diet of ruminants.(AU)

Los taninos son compuestos fenólicos presentes en plantas, clasificados según la estructura química en compuestos hidrolizables y condensados. Los condensados se agregan a la dieta de rumiantes debido a su capacidad de formar complejos con proteínas, haciéndolas no degradables en el entorno del rumen. Así, aumenta el aporte proteico en el intestino delgado donde habrá mayor absorción en la porción craneal del órgano, el duodeno. La ventaja de ese mecanismo es aumentar el aprovechamiento de la proteína de la dieta por los animales, lo que influirá en la productividad y sistema inmunológico, entre otros. Los efectos positivos con la utilización de ese compuesto, como aditivo nutricional, todavía necesita ser estudiado, el objetivo de esa revisión consiste en demostrar los resultados, hasta ahora conocidos, del uso de taninos condensados en la dieta de rumiantes.(AU)

Butaphosphan Effects on Glucose Metabolism Involve Insulin Signaling and Depends on Nutritional Plan.

Butaphosphan is an organic phosphorus compound used in several species for the prevention of rapid catabolic states, however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed at determining the effects of butaphosphan on energy metabolism of mice receiving a normal or hypercaloric diet (HCD) and submitted or not to food restriction. Two experiments were conducted: (1) during nine weeks, animals were fed with HCD (n = 28) ad libitum, and at the 10th week, were submitted to food restriction and received butaphosphan (n = 14) or saline injections (n = 14) (twice a day, for seven days) and; (2) during nine weeks, animals were fed with a control diet (n = 14) or HCD (n = 14) ad libitum, and at the 10th week, all animals were submitted to food restriction and received butaphosphan or saline injections (twice a day, for seven days). In food restriction, butaphosphan preserved epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, increased glucose, NEFA, and the HOMA index. In mice fed HCD and submitted to food restriction, the butaphosphan preserved epididymal WAT mass. Control diet influences on PI3K, GCK, and Irs1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, butaphosphan increased blood glucose and reduced fat mobilization in overweight mice submitted to caloric restriction, and these effects are influenced by diet.

Utilização de taninos como aditivo nutricional na dieta de ruminantes

Os taninos são compostos fenólicos presentes em plantas, classificados quanto à estrutura química em compostos hidrolisáveis e condensados. Os condensados são adicionados à dieta de ruminantes devido a sua capacidade de formar complexos com proteínas tornando-as não degradáveis no ambiente ruminal. Dessa forma, aumenta o aporte proteico no intestino delgado onde ocorrerá a maior absorção na porção cranial do órgão, o duodeno. A vantagem desse mecanismo é aumentar o aproveitamento da proteína da dieta pelos animais o que influenciará na produtividade e sistema imunológico, entre outros. Os efeitos positivos com a utilização desse composto como aditivo nutricional ainda precisam ser estudados, portanto, o objetivo dessa revisão consiste em demonstrar os resultados, até então conhecidos, da utilização de taninos condensados na dieta de ruminantes.

Serum metabolic markers pre and postpartum in holstein cows according to the mastitis occurrence

Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups for albumin and NEFA concentrations in all periods evaluated (P > 0.05).[...](AU)

Serum metabolic markers pre and postpartum in holstein cows according to the mastitis occurrence

Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P 0.05).[...]

Butafosfan e cianocobalamina: estratégia para melhorar a funcionalidade hepática de vacas leiteiras primíparas / Butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin: strategy to improve the liver function of primiparous dairy cows

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do butafosfan isolado ou associado à cianocobalamina sobre marcadores do metabolismo energético, mineral e inflamatório, produção de leite e índice de funcionalidade hepática (IFH) de vacas leiteiras primíparas. Vinte e três vacas da raça Holandês foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos experimentais: Grupo Combinação (COM, n = 8), que recebeu 100 mL da combinação de butafosfan+cianocobalamina; Grupo Butafosfan (BUT, n = 8), que recebeu 100 mL de solução aquosa de Butafosfan; e Grupo Controle (CTL, n = 7), que recebeu 100 mL de solução fisiológica 0,9%. Todos os animais recebram 5 doses subcutâneas de 20 mL a cada 24 horas, iniciando logo após o parto. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 28 para análises de cálcio, fósforo, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs) e β-hidroxibutirato (BHBA). Albumina, bilirrubina, colesterol total, haptoglobina e paraoxonase foram analisadas nos dias 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 28. Foi avaliado o escore de condição corporal e a produção leiteira até 60 dias pós-parto. Níveis reduzidos de BHBA (P<0,05) foram encontrados no grupo BUT. Animais com alto IFH apresentaram menores níveis de BHBA (P<0,05) e tendência de redução nos níveis de AGNEs (P<0,10), porém o IFH não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. Apesar de o butafosfan reduzir os níveis de BHBA, o índice de funcionalidade hepática de vacas primímaras não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos.(AU)

The objective of study was to evaluate the effects of butafosfan and cyanocobalamin on markers of energetic, mineral and inflammatory metabolism, milk production and the liver functionality index (LFI) of primiparous dairy cows. Twenty-three Holstein cows were allocated into: Combination group (COM, n = 8), receiving 100 mL of Catosal®; Butafosfan group (BUT, n = 8) that received 100 mL of aqueous Butafosfan; and Control (CTL, n = 7), receiving 100 mL of 0.9% saline. All the animals received 100 mL (5 doses of 20mL every 24h), subcutaneously, beginning soon after calving. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 28 for analysis of calcium, phosphorus, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The analysis of albumin, bilirubin, cholesterol, haptoglobin and paraoxonase were performed on days 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 28. We evaluated body condition score (BCS) and milk production (kg /day) until day 60 after calving. The LFI was determined considering the plasma levels of total cholesterol, albumin and bilirubin on days 3 and 28 after calving. The BUT group showed lower BHB levels (P 0.05). In conclusion, despite the butafosfan and cyanocobalamin modulate energy metabolism in this study the hepatic functionality index was not affected by treatments.(AU)

Clinical and biochemical parameters of high and medium milk yield cows reared in a freestall system / Parâmetros bioquímicos clínicos de vacas de alta e média produção de leite, criadas em sistema freestall

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical parameters of primiparous and multiparous cows of high and medium milk yield reared in a freestall system. One hundred seventy-four Holstein cows were used, divided into four groups: high yield primiparous (PA, n = 37; 42.92 ± 0.78 kg milk / day); medium yield primiparous (PM, n = 50; 26.44 ± 0.91 kg milk / day); high yield multiparous (MA, n = 37; 44.28 ± 0.87 kg milk / day) and medium yield multiparous (MM, n = 50; 24.87 ± 0.91 kg milk / day) with 216 ± 12 days in lactation. Blood analysis included: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein (PT), albumin, urea, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The PM group had higher albumin concentrations (P = 0.001), cholesterol (P = 0.001), HDL (P = 0.002) and TAG (P = 0.010) compared to the MM group. PA group had higher HDL concentrations (P = 0.001) than MA. PA had higher HDL (P = 0.023) and AST concentrations (P = 0.05) compared to PM. MA had higher albumin (P = 0.009), cholesterol (P = 0.041), HDL (P = 0.053) and TAG (P = 0.052) concentrations compared to MM. The results found in the analyzed metabolites are important in establishing reference values for a regional population, and also allow the use of these biochemical parameters in the prevention and monitoring of metabolic disorders.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos de vacas primíparas e multíparas de alta e média produção de leite criadas em sistema freestall. Foram utilizadas 174 vacas da raça Holandês, divididas em quatro grupos: primíparas de alta produção (PA, n=37; 42,92±0,78 kg leite/dia); primíparas de média produção (PM, n=50; 26,44±0,91 kg leite/dia); multíparas de alta produção (MA, n=37; 44,28±0,87 kg leite/dia) e multíparas de média produção (MM, n=50; 24,87±0,91 kg leite/dia), com 216±12 dias em lactação. Analisaram-se os seguintes metabólitos: concentrações de: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (HDL), triglicerídeos (TAG), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), proteínas totais (PT), albumina, ureia, e a atividade da enzima aspartato aminotransferase (AST). O grupo PM apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,001), colesterol (P = 0,001), HDL (P = 0,002) e TAG (P = 0,010) quando comparado com as do grupo MM. O grupo PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,001) quando comparado com a MA. PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,023) e AST (P = 0,05) ao se comparar com PM. MA apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,009), colesterol (P = 0,041), HDL (P = 0,053) e TAG (P = 0,052) quando comparado com a MM. As diferenças encontradas nos metabólitos analisados tornam-se importantes no estabelecimento dos valores de referência para uma população regional de categorias semelhantes, além da possibilidade de utilização de parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos na prevenção e monitoramento de transtornos metabólicos.

Parâmetros bioquímicos clínicos de vacas de alta e média produção de leite, criadas em sistema freestall / Clinical and biochemical parameters of high and medium milk yield cows reared in a freestall system

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos de vacas primíparas e multíparas de alta e média produção de leite criadas em sistema freestall. Foram utilizadas 174 vacas da raça Holandês, divididas em quatro grupos: primíparas de alta produção (PA, n=37; 42,92±0,78 kg leite/dia); primíparas de média produção (PM, n=50; 26,44±0,91 kg leite/dia); multíparas de alta produção (MA, n=37; 44,28±0,87 kg leite/dia) e multíparas de média produção (MM, n=50; 24,87±0,91 kg leite/dia), com 216±12 dias em lactação. Analisaram-se os seguintes metabólitos: concentrações de: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (HDL), triglicerídeos (TAG), beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), proteínas totais (PT), albumina, ureia, e a atividade da enzima aspartato aminotransferase (AST). O grupo PM apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,001), colesterol (P = 0,001), HDL (P = 0,002) e TAG (P = 0,010) quando comparado com as do grupo MM. O grupo PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,001) quando comparado com a MA. PA apresentou maiores concentrações de HDL (P = 0,023) e AST (P = 0,05) ao se comparar com PM. MA apresentou maiores concentrações de albumina (P = 0,009), colesterol (P = 0,041), HDL (P = 0,053) e TAG (P = 0,052) quando comparado com a MM. As diferenças encontradas nos metabólitos analisados tornam-se importantes no estabelecimento dos valores de referência para uma população regional de categorias semelhantes, além da possibilidade de utilização de parâmetros bioquímico-clínicos na prevenção e monitoramento de transtornos metabólicos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical parameters of primiparous and multiparous cows of high and medium milk yield reared in a freestall system. One hundred seventy-four Holstein cows were used, divided into four groups: high yield primiparous (PA, n = 37; 42.92 ± 0.78 kg milk / day); medium yield primiparous (PM, n = 50; 26.44 ± 0.91 kg milk / day); high yield multiparous (MA, n = 37; 44.28 ± 0.87 kg milk / day) and medium yield multiparous (MM, n = 50; 24.87 ± 0.91 kg milk / day) with 216 ± 12 days in lactation. Blood analysis included: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein (PT), albumin, urea, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The PM group had higher albumin concentrations (P = 0.001), cholesterol (P = 0.001), HDL (P = 0.002) and TAG (P = 0.010) compared to the MM group. PA group had higher HDL concentrations (P = 0.001) than MA. PA had higher HDL (P = 0.023) and AST concentrations (P = 0.05) compared to PM. MA had higher albumin (P = 0.009), cholesterol (P = 0.041), HDL (P = 0.053) and TAG (P = 0.052) concentrations compared to MM. The results found in the analyzed metabolites are important in establishing reference values for a regional population, and also allow the use of these biochemical parameters in the prevention and monitoring of metabolic disorders.