Plantas medicinais referenciadas por raizeiros no município de Jataí, estado de Goiás / Medicinal Plants referenced by"raizeiros" from Jataí county, Goiás state

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou pesquisar as plantas medicinais referenciadas por raizeiros do município de Jataí-GO, evidenciando o Valor de Uso Reportado (VUR) e a conexão com os níveis filogenéticos atuais. Com cerca de 200 anos de história, Jataí localiza-se no Planalto Central do Brasil, Sudoeste de Goiás (17°52’53’’S e 51°42’52’’W), tendo atualmente, como principal fonte de renda o agronegócio. Para a seleção dos raizeiros e coleta dos dados aplicou-se o método bola de neve e a técnica de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Determinou-se a etnoespécie, parte usada, uso, modo de preparo, sintomas / doenças relacionando aos sistemas corporais. Foram reportadas 515 referências etnobotânicas para 112 etnoespécies principalmente dos clados Fabídeas, Lamídeas, e Campanulídeas. Sobressaíram as etnoespécies Pé-de-perdiz (Croton antisyphilliticus), Sangra-dágua (C. urucurana), Pau-terra-de-folha-larga (Qualea grandiflora), Erva-de-Santa Maria (Chenopodium album), Amaro-leite (Operculina alata), Algodãozinho-do-campo (Cochlospermum regium), Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale) e Jaborandi (Piper aduncum), com VUR maior que 10. Os sistemas corporais mais importantes com relação ao número de etnoespécies relatadas foram respiratório, digestivo, circulatório e tegumentar. As etnoespécies mais versáteis em uso nos sistemas corporais foram Copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii), Pé-de-perdiz (Croton antisyphiliticus), Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale), Alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis) e Fruta-de-lobo (Solanum paniculatum). A prática da medicina tradicional em Jataí evidencia a conexão entre a escolha de plantas e os níveis filogenéticos derivados. Algumas destas etnoespécies estão na listagem de plantas medicinais que o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil escolheu para a realização de monografias, fato que fortalece o valor do conhecimento do uso da flora nas práticas da medicina tradicional.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to research medicinal plants referenced by “raizeiros” from Jataí-GO, showing the Reported Use Value (RUV) and connection with current phylogenetic levels. With nearly 200 years of history, Jataí is located in the Central Plateau of Brazil, Southwest Goiás (17°52’53 ‘’S and 51°42’52’’W), where the main source of income is agribusiness. For the “raizeiros” selection and data collection the snowball method and semi-structured interview techniques were applied. The ethnospecies, used part, usage, method of preparation for estimatedReported Value of Use (VU). There were 515 related ethnopharmacological citations of 112 ethnospecies, mainly Fabídeas, Lamídeas and Campanulídeas. Pé-de-perdiz (Croton antisyphilliticus), Sangra-dágua (C. urucurana), Pau-terra-de-folha-larga (Qualea grandiflora), Erva-de-Santa Maria (Chenopodium album), Amaro-leite (Operculina alata), Algodãozinho-do-campo (Cochlospermum regium), Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale) andJaborandi (Piper aduncum), Pau-terra-de-folha-larga (Qualea grandiflora), Erva-de-Santa Maria (Chenopodium album), Amaro-leite (Operculina alata), Algodãozinho-do-campo (Cochlospermum regium), Cavalinha (Equisetum hiemale) andJaborandi (Piper aduncum)highlightedmorethan10RUV. The most important bodily systems in the number of reported plants were respiratory, digestive, circulatory and integumentary. The most versatile, useful plant systems were Copaíba (Copaiferalangsdorffii), Pé-de-perdiz (Crotonantisyphiliticus), Cavalinha (Equisetumhiemale), Rosemary (Rosmarinusofficinalis) and Fruita-de-lobo (Solanumpaniculatum).The practice of traditional medicine in Jataí reveals the link between the choice of plants and derived phylogenetic levels. Many referenced species are used medicinally in the Cerrado, including some that are part of the national health care system’s list, for the realization of monographs, which strengthen the knowledge of these traditional medicine practices in Goiás.

Association among posture, lung function and functional capacity in cystic fibrosis.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations within pulmonary function, functional capacity, and posture in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation between patient quality of life and postural assessment variables. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on fourteen patients with CF. Patients were subjected to a postural analysis (postural assessment software) and measurements of pulmonary function (spirometry, whole body plethysmography, and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity) and functional capacity (6-min walking test). All patients completed the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R). RESULTS: Most patients were male (57%), and the median age of the patients was 24.5 (22-34). The forced expiratory volume in one second, the 6-min walking distance, total lung capacity, and airway resistance were significantly correlated with the vertical alignment of the chest (ρ = -0.57, P < 0.05; ρ = -0.65, P < 0.01; ρ = 0.54, P < 0.05; and ρ = 0.67, P < 0.01, respectively). The 'physical' domain of the CFQ-R was significantly correlated with the vertical alignment of the chest (ρ = -0.74, P < 0.01), and the 'limitations' domain of the CFQ-R was significantly correlated with the angle of the hip (ρ = -0.55, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that abnormalities in pulmonary function and functional capacity are associated with postural changes in adults with CF. However the severity of the postural abnormalities does not negatively influence the CFQ-R domains.

Guarana (Paullinia cupana): toxic behavioral effects in laboratory animals and antioxidants activity in vitro.

The effects on toxic and behavioral levels of guarana (Paullinia cupana) were assessed in rats and mice subsequent to acute and chronic administrations and were compared to those produced by Ginseng (Panax ginseng). Experimental parameters included tests for antioxidant capacity in vitro and measured in vivo, toxicological screening, progress in weight, motor activity, death rate, and histopathological examination of the viscera. Guarana showed an antioxidant effect because, even at low concentrations (1.2 microg/ml), it inhibited the process of lipid peroxidation. In high doses of 1000-2000 mg/kg (i.p. and p.o.) it did not induce significant alterations in parameters for toxicological screening. No effects on motor activity were observed, neither did guarana alter the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital. Ginseng (250-1000 mg/kg i.p.), however, elicited reductions in motor activity, eyelid ptosis and bristling fur. Consumption of liquids containing guarana or ginseng and progress in weight of the animals remained at levels similar to the controls, even after prolonged administration. The percentage mortality was equivalent in control and in treated groups. The absence of toxicity of guarana was also demonstrated by histopathological examination, with no alteration being detected in heart, lungs, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas, kidneys, bladder and spleen.

Pharmacological activity of Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) in laboratory animals.

Mice that ingested a suspension of guarana (Paullinia cupana, Sapindaceae) in a dose of 0.3 mg/ml showed a significant increase in physical capacity when subjected to a stressful situation such as forced swimming after 100 and 200 days of treatment. Such an effect, however, was not obtained with a concentration of 3.0 mg/ml, nor with the ingestion of a suspension of ginseng 5.0 mg/ml, nor of a solution of caffeine 0.1 mg/ml. Guarana, both after a single (3.0 and 30 mg/kg) or chronic administrations (0.3 mg/ml), was able to partially reverse the amnesic effect of scopolamine as measured through a passive avoidance test in mice and rats, indicating a positive effect on memory acquisition. However, no effect was observed when an active avoidance task was used in rats, even after 20 days of guarana administration. There was also a tendency of rats treated with 0.3 mg/ml of guarana to better maintain the memory of a Lashley III maze path. The animals had the same average lifespan, indicating a low toxicity of guarana, even after 23 months of treatment.

Carbon Isotope Analyses of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Aqueous Media Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Isotope Ratio Monitoring GC/MS.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was used to facilitate the measurement of stable carbon isotope compositions (at natural abundance) of six organic compounds representing four compound classes in aqueous solution. Toluene, methylcyclohexane, hexanol, and acetic, propionic, and valeric acids were extracted from aqueous solutions with appropriate SPME phases and thermally desorbed into the split/splitless inlet of an isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (irmGC/MS). Hydrophobic compounds (toluene, methylcyclohexane, hexanol) extracted by a nonpolar SPME phase were slightly (≤0.5‰) enriched in (13)C while organic acids extracted with a polar phase were depleted in (13)C to a somewhat greater degree (≤1.5‰) relative to material remaining in the aqueous phase. Isotopic fractionation was not observed to vary systematically as a function of equilibration time or solute concentration. Further, isotope fractionation did not vary consistently with the partition coefficient (K(fw)). However, both salinity and cosolvent effects, which altered the partition coefficients of the solutes, also yielded a reduction in the magnitude of isotopic fractionation (to ≤0.4‰ for the hydrocarbons, ≤0.5‰ for the organic acids). We conclude that fractionations are most likely associated with the interactions of organic compounds with the organic phase coating SPME fibers and are specifically due to mass-dependent energy shifts upon solution of each analyte into the organic phase. In addition, fractionations are also influenced by energy shifts associated with electrostatic forces acting on the analyte in the water phase during the partitioning process. The magnitude of isotopic fractionations can be minimized under conditions appropriate for the analysis of natural waters, and with careful calibration, SPME and irmGC/MS should be a valuable means for isotopic analyses for a wide range of organic constituents in aqueous samples.