Do Protocadherins Show Prognostic Value in the Carcinogenesis of Human Malignant Neoplasms? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Protocadherins (PCDHs) have been reported as tumor suppressor genes, implying that these genes may be involved in tumor suppression in a variety of cancers. However, a thorough understanding of the functions and mechanisms of PCDHs remains limited. Our aim was to investigate the methylation profile of PCDHs in human malignant neoplasms. METHODS: This systematic review has been recorded in PROSPERO (#42019117844) and conducted according to PRISMA's checklist; search was conducted in LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, manually, with search queries and without date or language restrictions. RESULTS: We found 91 articles, of which 26 were used for this meta-analysis and categorized according to the origin of the neoplasia. In total, 3,377 cases were compiled, with PCDH10, PCDH17, and PCDH8 being the most studied; males were 2.22 times more affected than females. Studies have shown significant heterogeneity (p <0.001), with the odds ratio varying between cases and controls [2.20 (95% CI = 1.11- 4.35) to 209.05 (95% CI = 12.64- 2,457.18)], and the value of association between methylation and cancers studied was 26.08 (95% CI = 15.42-44.13). CONCLUSION: In this systematic review, we have demonstrated using meta-analysis that PCDHs could emerge as potential tumor suppressor genes and that a significant increase in methylation may be useful for early detection of different cancers. This work may help in the identification of new prognostic biomarkers in malignant neoplasms.

Progressive ossificans fibrodysplasia endodontic management: Case report.

The objective of this case is to discuss the endodontic management in patient diagnosed with Progressive Ossificans Fibrodysplasia (POF) who sought the dental service due to discomfort in the mandible. Minor mobility of the peripheral joints, spinal involvement, gait limitation, inability to sit, report of joint pain, and limitation of TMJ movements were observed on the extra-oral examination. The intraoral examination revealed the presence of ectopic teeth (13 and 23), prolonged retention of primary teeth (53 and 63), dental gyrosurgery (34 and 33), caries lesion on teeth 36 and 47, and dental crowding. To the percussion test and the thermal pulp sensitivity of the tooth 36, there was no response, indicating pulp necrosis. Conventional endodontic therapy was performed under intrapulpal anesthesia and the dental chair placed at 45º. The patient evolved without painful symptomatology, is free of heterotopic ossification resulting from the treatment and her ability to open the mouth remained the same. Thus, endodontic treatment is a viable procedure and should be eligible in patients with POF because it minimizes local trauma and reduces iatrogenic risks, which may exacerbate the progression of the disease.

The Quality of Toothbrushing in Children with Intellectual Disabilities Enrolled in an Oral Health Promotion Programme: A Paired Study.

PURPOSE: To assess the quality of toothbrushing of children with intellectual disability (ID). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-six children, 68 with ID (SG = study group) and 68 non-ID (CG = control group), were paired. Their caregivers completed a questionnaire about socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and another about oral hygiene habits. The toothbrushing technique and position adopted were documented and the duration of the procedure was measured. A modification of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SM-OHI) was used to classify the quality of brushing as: adequate, when all the teeth had SM-OHI 0 or 1; or inadequate, when at least one tooth had SM-OHI 2 or 3. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of data distribution for age, duration of brushing and SM-OHI. Fisher's exact test and the chi-squared test were applied to assess the association between ID and oral hygiene habits or characteristics of toothbrushing. To compare the duration of brushing groups, the Mann-Whitney test was applied. Student's t-test for independent samples was applied to compare mean MS-OHI. RESULTS: Mothers were the main persons performing children's toothbrushing in SG. They reported a higher daily brushing frequency, longer toothbrushing duration of children in the SG, SG children had lower SM-OHI scores and were thus rated as having adequate toothbrushing, in contrast to the CG (p < 0.001, p < 0.001; p = 0.012; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Toothbrushing provided by caregivers for ID children was more effective than toothbrushing carried out by non-ID children of the same age and gender.

The impact of hospitalization on periodontal health status: an observational study / O impacto da hospitalização sobre a condição periodontal: um estudo observacional

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the impact of hospitalization on the periodontal status of patients admitted to a private hospital. Methods A sample of 41 patients answered a questionnaire on oral hygiene habits before and after hospitalization. An examiner measured the Periodontal Screening and Recording ratio (PSR) within 24 hours after hospitalization (T0), after five (T1) and after ten days of hospital admission (T2). Results 47 patients were examined at T0, 37 at T1 and 21 at T2. Between T0 and T1, the periodontal condition of 32.4% of patients worsened (p = 0.001). The score of ten patients changed from PSR = 0 to PSR = 1 and the score of two changed from PSR = 1 to PSR = 2, after 5 days of hospitalization. At T2, 38% of patients had deteriorated (p = 0.005) with 4 developing gingival bleeding and 4 presenting calculus. 19% of patients (p=0.046) declined between T1 and T2, and 4 patients presented calculus. None of the patients received any guidance on oral hygiene by hospital staff. Conclusion The periodontal condition of hospitalized patients deteriorated over the course of the stay in hospital and, consequently, there was an increased need for treatment. This draws attention to the importance of oral hygiene care in hospital.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da internação hospitalar sobre a condição periodontal de pacientes em um hospital privado. Métodos A amostra de 41 pacientes respondeu questionário sobre hábitos de higiene bucal antes e após a internação. Um examinador mensurou o índice Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) no início, cinco e dez dias a partir da admissão hospitalar. Resultados Nenhum paciente recebeu orientação sobre higiene bucal por profissionais do hospital. Após 5 dias do exame inicial, 58,8% dos pacientes sadios apresentaram sangramento à sondagem e 16,7% dos pacientes com sangramento apresentaram cálculo dental; e 10 dias depois, 70,0% dos pacientes sadios apresentaram sangramento gengival e 57,1% daqueles que já tinham sangramento gengival apresentaram cálculo dental. Houve um aumento das necessidades de tratamento. Conclusão A condição periodontal de pacientes internados agravou-se com o decorrer do tempo de internação e, consequentemente, houve um aumento da necessidade de tratamento. Isso desperta a atenção para a importância dos cuidados de higiene bucal no hospital.

Retrospective study of dental trauma in children with autism spectrum disorders: a paired study.

The objective was to evaluate the history of traumatic dental injury (TDI) among children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) at the Centro Integrado de Educação Especial (CIES), in Teresina, Brazil. The dental records of 228 children, 114 with ASD (SG = study group) and 114 without ASD (CG = control group), paired by age, gender and socioeconomic characteristics between January 2007 and September 2014 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression (alpha = 5.0%). Dental trauma in SG was lower than in the CG (24.6% and 41.2%, respectively, p = 0.007). The risk of trauma was lower among males in SG (OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.67). The likelihood of TDI in SG was 3.17 higher in females than that of males (p = 0.040). The prevalence of TDI was lower in ASD individuals compared to controls. Dental trauma was higher among ASD girls than ASD boys.

Survival time of direct dental restorations in adults / Sobrevida de restaurações dentárias diretas em adultos

Introduction: The presence of dental caries is the main reason for the placement and replacement of restorations. Maintaining restorations to a satisfactory clinical condition is a challenge, despite the evolution of materials and surgical operative techniques. Objective: To investigate the survival time and technical-operatory characteristics of dental restorations among adults in Teresina-PI. Material and method: Data collection was carried out from September 2009 to January 2010 at a non-profit dental service. Data were collected at the moment of restoration replacement. The sample consisted of 262 defective restorations in 139 individuals. Survival time was calculated using the placement date that was registered on the individual’s dental form. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the survival time of the different types of restorations and the chi-square test was used to assess the association between qualitative variables, at a 5% significance level. Result: The median survival time of the restorations was 2 years. The survival time for amalgam was higher than for composite and glass ionomer cement (p=0.004). The most replaced dental material was the composite (66.4%). The majority of the replaced restorations had been placed in anterior teeth, in proximal surfaces. Conclusion: Amalgam restorations have a longer survival time than composite resin. Technical and operatory variables had no influence on the survival time of restorations. Dental restorations have a low survival time and this fact might be associated with the decion-making process that is adopted by the professionals.

Introdução: A cárie dentária é o principal motivo para a instalação e troca de restaurações. A preservação destas em condição clínica satisfatória é um desafio, apesar da evolução dos materiais e técnicas cirúrgico-operatórias. Objetivo: Investigar o tempo de sobrevida e características técnico-operatórias das restaurações dentárias diretas de adultos em Teresina, Piauí. Material e método: A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro de 2009 a janeiro de 2010, em clínicas de tratamento odontológico sem fins lucrativos. Os dados técnicos e operatórios do preparo cavitário e da restauração foram coletados no momento da substituição. A sobrevida foi calculada a partir da data de instalação que constava no prontuário. Os dados foram registrados em um formulário criado com esse fim. Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney foram empregados para comparar a sobrevida dos diferentes tipos de restaurações e o teste qui-quadrado para associações entre variáveis qualitativas, ambos com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: As 262 substituições de restaurações deficientes estavam em 139 pacientes. A mediana de sobrevida das restaurações foi 2 anos. As restaurações de amálgama tiveram sobrevivência maior que as de resina composta (p=0,004). O material restaurador mais substituído foi resina composta (66,4%). A maioria das restaurações localizava-se em dentes anteriores e em preparos proximais. Conclusão: As restaurações de amálgama teve sobrevida maior que as de resina composta. As variáveis técnico-operacionais não influenciaram na taxa de substituições. As restaurações diretas possuem reduzido tempo de sobrevida o que pode estar associada à filosofia adotada pelo serviço para o tratamento fornecido.

The impact of the cost of oral hygiene products on the domestic budget in the urban region of a midsize Brazilian capital city / O impacto do custo de produtos de higiene bucal sobre o orçamento doméstico na zona urbana de uma capital de porte médio Brasileira

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the cost of oral hygiene products in Teresina, Piauí, on the Brazilian minimum salary (MS) over the period of two years. METHODS: The writer of this study visited 12 businesses from five geographical areas of the city during four consecutive months in 2011 and 2013 to collect the prices of toothbrushes, toothpaste, dental floss and mouth rinse solutions of different brands. The prices were used to calculate the monthly expense that one individual would have if they consumed the ideal quantity of the products, as recommended by the dental literature. Brazil's MS at the time of the study was used as a parameter to calculate the impact of the cost of the items on the family budget. RESULTS: The mean monthly cost per individual was R$ 17.93 in 2011 (2.88% of the MS) and R$ 24.92 in 2013 (3.67% of the MS). There was an increase of 38.9 % in the mean price of products and the impact on the MS increased by 27.43 % during the study period. CONCLUSION: The impact of the cost of the oral care items was high on the Brazilian MS for the studied region. Dentists should be aware that the cost of these products can be an obstacle for their patients. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do custo dos produtos de higiene oral em Teresina, Piaúi sobre a o salário mínimo brasileiro ao longo de dois anos de observação. MÉTODOS: Doze estabelecimentos comerciais nas zonas geográficas do município foram visitados em quarto meses consecutivos em 2011 e 2013 para coletar o preço de escovas dentais, dentifrícios, fios dentais e antissépticos bucais de diferentes marcas. Para o cálculo do consumo mensal, considerou-se que os produtos foram consumidos em quantidade ideal para o uso. Para o impacto do custo dos itens, o salário mínimo brasileiro na época do estudo foi usado como parâmetro. RESULTADOS: O custo mensal médio por indivíduo seria de R$17,93 em 2011 (2,88% do salário mínimo) e R$24,92 em 2013 (3,67% do salário mínimo). CONCLUSÃO: Houve aumento de 38,9% no preço dos produtos e o impacto sobre o SM aumentou em 27,43% no período do estudo. Os cirurgiões-dentistas devem estar bem informados sobre o custo desses produtos ao prescrevê-los a seus pacientes. .