Effect of Phonophoresis and Copaiba Oil on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers after Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of phonophoresis with copaiba oil gel, in comparison to therapeutic pulsed ultrasound alone or topical application of copaiba oil gel, on oxidative stress after a traumatic muscle injury. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, muscle injury, therapeutic pulsed ultrasound (TPU), copaiba oil gel (CO) and TPU plus CO. TPU and CO application occurred at 2, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after injury. The gastrocnemius muscle was injured by mechanical trauma. Malondialdehyde (a lipoperoxidation marker) and superoxide dismutase and catalase (antioxidant enzymes) were assessed 98 h after muscle injury. All were elevated in the muscle injury group. There was a significant difference among treatment groups favoring TPU plus CO for reducing malondialdehyde levels, but all treatments reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, with no between-groups difference. In conclusion, phonophoresis-the application of TPU plus CO-was superior to TPU or CO alone for reducing lipoperoxidation. Phonophoresis, TPU alone and CO were all effective in decreasing antioxidant enzyme activity after a traumatic skeletal muscle injury.

Cinesioterapia para melhora da qualidade de vida após cirurgia para câncer de mama / Kinesiotherapy to improve quality of life after breast cancer surgery

Introdução: O tratamento cirúrgico para o câncer de mama pode trazer limitações físico-funcionais e prejuízos na qualidade de vida (QV). Assim, a cinesioterapia representa uma possibilidade terapêutica para prevenir ou tratar estas disfunções. Objetivo: Comparar a QV antes e após 10 sessões de cinesioterapia. Métodos: Ensaio clínico não aleatorizado, envolvendo mulheres que realizaram 10 sessões de fisioterapia após cirurgia para câncer de mama. O protocolo incluiu alongamentos, exercícios ativos-livres e exercícios resistidos. A QV foi avaliada pelo questionário genérico European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC): o Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 (QLQ-C30) e o específico, Breast Cancer Module (BR-23). Resultados: Foram incluídas 35 mulheres, sendo a mastectomia à esquerda o procedimento mais realizado. No QLQ-C30, foi observada melhora significativa da escala de função física (p = 0,01), desempenho funcional (p = 0,02), fadiga (p = 0,03), dor (p = 0,01), insônia (p = 0,02) e piora apenas de diarreia (p = 0,02). No BR-23, observou-se melhora significativa nos sintomas da mama (p = 0,01) e do braço (p = 0,01). Outros escores, como função cognitiva, social, dispneia, constipação, dificuldade financeira, imagem corporal e perspectiva futura, melhoraram sem diferença significativa. Conclusão: Após a cinesioterapia, observou-se melhora de diversos aspectos da QV. Maior tempo de seguimento e outros instrumentos de avaliação poderão mostrar ganhos adicionais. (AU)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common health problem among the female population and its surgical treatment may cause physical limitations and impair quality of life (QOL). Kinesiotherapy becomes a possibility of treatment to reduce the complications of surgery. Objective: To compare QOL before and after 10 kinesiotherapy. Methods: Non-randomized clinical trial, involving women who underwent 10 physical therapy training after surgery to treat breast cancer. The kinesiotherapy protocol included stretching, active-free exercises, and resistance exercises. To assess QOL, the European Organization for Cancer Research and Treatment (EORTC) generic instrument, the C-30 Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the Breast Cancer Module (BR-23) were applied. Results: 35 women were included, with the mastectomy on the left being the most performed procedure. In the generic questionnaire of the EORTC, QLQ-C30, an improvement was observed in the scores of the scale of physical function (p = 0.01), functional performance (p = 0.02), fatigue (p = 0.03), pain (p = 0.01) and insomnia (p = 0.02) and worsens only in diarrhea symptoms (p = 0.02). In BR-23, significant improvements were observed in the symptoms of the breast (p = 0.01) and the arm (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Kinesiotherapy has beneficial effects on QOL. After kinesiotherapy there was an improvement of several aspects of QOL. Longer follow-up and other assessment tools may show additional gains. (AU)