Effect of Kinesio taping on wrist proprioception in healthy subjects: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Although the use of KT has increased considerably in the clinical practice in the last years, there is limited evidence about the effects of its application in proprioception. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of KT on joint position sense and force sense on the wrist of healthy subjects. METHODS: Fifty-four subjects were analyzed in a randomized, crossover, single-blind study design. To determine the force sense, the subjects had to reach 50% of their maximum grip force. Wrist joint position sense was assessed during active repositioning tests at the target angles of 30° flexion and extension of wrist. A digital dynamometer was used to determine the sense of force and a digital goniometer was used to determine the joint position sense. Subjects were evaluated with KT (I- strip on ventral aspect of forearms from origin to insertion) and placebo (an inelastic tape was applied following the same procedure as KT). RESULTS: No significant differences have been found in the force sense, neither in the comparisons between control and interventions (p=0.286), nor between pre and post-intervention (p=0.111). For wrist joint position sense, a statistically significant effect (p< 0.05) was found at 30º of extension between the control and experimental group in favor of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The application of KT did not produce changes in FS and only caused a significant improvement in JPS in extension (30º). The results appear to indicate that the application of KT to improve proprioception in healthy subjects should be reconsidered.

Management of pudendal neuralgia with electrical stimulation. A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Pudendal neuralgia is a severely intense, painful, neuropathic condition, involving the dermatome of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4). The diagnosis is complex and usually takes many years to be made. Techniques that use electrical current have been shown to decrease pain and improve quality of life in patients with this condition. The aim of this review was to analyze the existing literature on the effects of electrical current in the treatment of patients with pudendal neuralgia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cinahl, Medline, Cochrane Library, ENFISPO, PEDro, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the search terms "Electric Stimulation Therapy", "pudendal neuralgia" and "pudendal nerve entrapment". RESULTS: The most frequently repeated intervention is pulsed radiofrequency. Other techniques used are transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy and neuromodulation. All studies show significant improvement in pain, analgesic intake, depression-anxiety or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The application of electrical current seems to be effective in the management of pudendal neuralgia. The scientific evidence is scarce, of poor methodological quality, and its use is based on the efficacy demonstrated in other indications of chronic pain.

Is the Absence of Manual Lymphatic Drainage-Based Treatment in Lymphedema after Breast Cancer Harmful? A Randomized Crossover Study.

(1) Background: Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), included within the complex decongestive therapy, as a therapy for the treatment of lymphedema has raised controversy about its benefits for lymphedema after breast cancer. The aim of this research is to test the effects of MLD on lymphedema after breast cancer during the treatment maintenance phase. (2) Methods: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled crossover trial was conducted to analyze the effects of a manual lymphatic drainage intervention compared to a control group without MLD intervention for the treatment of lymphedema. Arm volume measured by circumference measurement, subcutaneous tissue thickness measured by ultrasound, and the sensation of pain, heaviness, and swelling were evaluated as outcome measures. (3) Results: For the control group, an increase in volume was found in some of the circumference and subcutaneous tissue thickness measurements, in addition to a worsening of arm pain, swelling and heaviness. (4) Conclusion: The absence of treatment based on MLD in lymphedema after breast cancer worsens volume measurements, as well as arm heaviness. Therefore, it would be advisable to carry out this type of therapy as part of the maintenance treatment for lymphedema in breast cancer.

Menstrual Cycle and Sport Injuries: A Systematic Review.

The presence of female athletes has only increased in recent years, as has the incidence of injuries in female sports activities. These injuries are conditioned by multiple factors, including hormonal agents. It is estimated that the menstrual cycle may be related to the predisposition to suffer an injury. However, a causal relationship has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the menstrual cycle and injuries in female sports practice. A systematic search of the scientific literature available in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Sport Discus was carried out in January 2022. With 138 articles, only eight studies were found that met the selection criteria for this study. Peak estradiol is associated with increased laxity, strength, and poor use of neuromuscular control. Thus, the ovulatory phase is associated with an increased risk of injury. In conclusion, it seems that hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle alter values such as laxity, strength, body temperature, and neuromuscular control, among others. This fact causes women to constantly adapt to hormonal variations, which exposes them to a higher risk of injury.

[Physiotherapy in the sequelae of cesarean childbirth. A systematic review.] / Fisioterapia en las secuelas del parto por cesárea. Una revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: Caesarean section is a surgical intervention that consists of the extraction of the fetus by abdominal route through the incision in the uterus. Like any surgical intervention, caesarean section is not exempt from complications and these can be classified as short-term (acute pain) and long-term (adhesions in the scar, lumbar and pelvic pain, intestinal obstruction and ectopic pregnancies). Physiotherapy has different tools to address these complications. The aim of this study was to review the scientific bibliography to know the effects of physiotherapy on patients who have given birth by cesarean section. METHODS: A search for articles was carried out during the month of December 2021 in the databases: PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, PEDro and WOS using the search terms Cesarean Section, Physical Therapy Modalities and Physical therapy. As an inclusion criterion, it was established that the type of study was a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT). RESULTS: A total of 280 articles were obtained, of which 9 were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. In them, the most used physiotherapy intervention was electrotherapy, followed by massage therapy and therapeutic exercise. Studies show effects of these forms of physiotherapy, with a determined duration and frequency, with improvements in pain, activities of daily living, comfort level, joint ranges and reduction in the consumption of analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: Physiotherapy has various modalities with which to attend complications after cesarean section, both in an immediate and a late phase, especially highlighting the reduction of pain.

OBJETIVO: La cesárea es una intervención quirúrgica que consiste en la extracción del feto por vía abdominal. Como cualquier intervención quirúrgica, la cesárea no está exenta de complicaciones y éstas se pueden clasificar en a corto plazo (dolor agudo) y a largo plazo (adherencias en la cicatriz, dolores lumbares y pélvicos, obstrucción intestinal y embarazos ectópicos). La fisioterapia cuenta con diferentes herramientas para abordar estas complicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la bibliografía científica para conocer los efectos de la fisioterapia en las consecuencias del parto por cesárea. METODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos durante el mes de diciembre de 2021 en las bases de datos PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, PEDro y WOS empleando los términos de búsqueda Cesarean Section, Physical Therapy Modalities y Physical Therapy. Como criterio de inclusión se estableció que el tipo de estudio fuese Estudio Clínico Aleatorizado (ECA). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron un total de 280 artículos, de los cuales 9 fueron seleccionados tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad. En ellos, la intervención más utilizada de fisioterapia fue electroterapia, seguida de masoterapia y ejercicio terapéutico. Los estudios arrojan efectos de estas formas de fisioterapia, con una duración y frecuencia determinada, con mejoras en el dolor, las actividades de la vida diaria, el nivel de comodidad, los rangos articulares y la reducción del consumo de analgésicos. CONCLUSIONES: La fisioterapia cuenta con diversas modalidades con las que atender tanto en una fase inmediata como en una tardía las complicaciones tras una cesárea, destacando especialmente la reducción del dolor.

Effects of therapeutic exercises in patients with lung cancer. A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Smoking is one of the main risk factors associated with this cancer. Treatment will depend on the form of cancer and its stage, existing many therapeutic possibilities. In this regard, therapeutic exercise plays an important role in lung cancer care, as well as the pulmonary rehabilitation and respiratory physical therapy. PURPOSE: To review the current scientific literature about the effects of therapeutic exercise in lung cancer. METHOD: A search was carried out in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science using de terms "Exercise Therapy" and "Lung Neoplasms". 141 studies were obtained, but only 19 were selected by adjusting to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 10 of them were randomized controlled trials with a Jadad score between 2 and 3. RESULTS: These works performed a large variety of interventions based on therapeutic exercise, classified in preoperative, postoperative, during treatment, post treatment and combination. Most focused on aerobic exercise, muscle strength and respiratory exercises. CONCLUSION: therapeutic exercise seems to be positive and obtain significant improvements in patients with lung cancer, regardless the moment of intervention and the type of exercise performed.

Efectos de la fisioterapia en asmáticos menores de 18 años

RESUMEN Introducción: El asma es el trastorno inflamatorio de las vías respiratorias inferiores más común durante la infancia. La acción de la fisioterapia en esta afección es reducir la frecuencia de los episodios y la intensidad de los síntomas. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de las diferentes técnicas de fisioterapia que se utilizan en pacientes asmáticos entre 0 y 18 años, en cuanto a la calidad de vida, la función pulmonar y la reducción de los síntomas. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica durante el mes de enero de 2021 en Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro y Cinahl. En todas ellas se utilizó como término de búsqueda "asthma". En Medline y Pubmed se empleó el término "physical therapy modalities", mientras que en las demás se utilizó "physical therapy". Análisis e integración de la información: La búsqueda inicial incluía 110 resultados con 7 artículos válidos tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad. Los estudios seleccionados desarrollan diferentes intervenciones de fisioterapia en niños y adolescentes con asma para tratar esta enfermedad. Encontramos gran heterogeneidad en los tratamientos utilizados y fueron los ejercicios respiratorios la técnica más empleada. Conclusiones: Los procedimientos de fisioterapia producen efectos positivos en el control del asma en los pacientes asmáticos entre 0 y 18 años. La combinación de ejercicios respiratorios con otras técnicas como la sofrología o terapia salina en el tratamiento de esta afección tiene buenos resultados. Los ejercicios respiratorios mejoran la capacidad muscular respiratoria, disminuida en estos pacientes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Asthma is the most common inflammatory disorder of the lower respiratory tract during childhood. The action of physiotherapy in this condition is to reduce the frequency of episodes and the intensity of symptoms. Objective: Analyze the effects of the different physiotherapy techniques used in asthmatic patients between 0 and 18 years old, in terms of quality of life, lung function and symptoms reduction. Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted during January 2021 in Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro and Cinahl. In all of them, "asthma" was used as a search term. Medline and Pubmed used the term "physical therapy modalities", while the others used "physical therapy". Analysis and integration of information: The initial search included 110 results with 7 valid articles after applying the eligibility criteria. The selected studies develop different physiotherapy interventions in children and adolescents with asthma to treat this disease. It was found great heterogeneity in the treatments used and breathing exercises were the most used technique. Conclusions: Physiotherapy procedures produce positive effects on asthma control in asthmatic patients between 0 and 18 years. Combining breathing exercises with other techniques such as sophrology or saline therapy in the treatment of this condition has good results. Breathing exercises improve respiratory muscle capacity, which is decreased in these patients.

Ultrasonographic Changes of Abdominal Muscles in Subjects with and without Chronic Low Back Pain.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent disfunction in the spine, affecting both women and men. The implication of the abdominal muscles in this disfunction has been studied, including wrong breathing patterns or inactivity of this area. However, there is a lack of studies examining changes in thickness of abdominal with ultrasonography. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the differences in the thickness of abdominal muscles at rest and during breathing between subjects with and without CLBP. A total of 72 subjects were divided in two groups: participants with CLBP (n = 36) and participants without CLBP (n = 36). In both groups, the thickness of the four abdominal muscles was measured and compared at rest and during breathing with ultrasonography. In TrA and IO there were no significant differences between groups, but those subjects with CLBP increased the muscle thickness more than participants without pain during breathing. In EO there were no differences in muscle thickness between groups and between rest and breathing. In RA, subjects with CLBP showed less muscle thickness than subjects without pain during breathing, but no changes were found at rest. In conclusion, the deepest abdominal muscles, TrA and IO, appear to increase their thickness and RA appear to decrease more in subjects with CLBP, in comparison with healthy participants.

[Effects of physical therapy by means of exercise therapy on schizophrenia patients. A systematic review.] / Efectos de la fisioterapia mediante ejercicio terapéutico en pacientes con esquizofrenia. Una revisión sistemática.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that, in addition to its own psychopathology, causes cognitive, physical, metabolic, affective and social deterioration. The aim of this systematic review was to set up the effects on the bio-psycho-social state of exercise therapy in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out in January 2021, based on a search strategy in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cinhal and SportsDiscus. Moreover, bibliographies of articles and reviews related to the topic under study were consulted. Studies published in the last 5 years were identified, randomized clinical trials, with full access in English, which included interventions with therapeutic exercise and the evaluation of the effects they produce in patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS: From 125 articles identified, 13 that fitted the criteria and the topic under study were finally included. In these cases, the most commonly used exercise therapy intervention is aerobic exercise, as well as yoga and tai chi. As aerobic exercise alternatives, pilates, stretching, toning and balance exercises have also been used. Studies showed effects of this type of exercise therapy, on a specific duration and frequency, with improvements in psychopathology, physical status, cognitive status, social functioning and functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise therapy, mainly aerobic exercise, benefits patients with schizophrenia as a complement to pharmacological treatment by producing beneficial effects at the physical, cognitive, psychopathological and social levels.

OBJETIVO: La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad mental crónica que además de la psicopatología propia, cursa con deterioro cognitivo, físico, metabólico, afectivo y social. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue establecer cuáles son los efectos sobre el estado bio-psico-social del ejercicio terapéutico en pacientes con esquizofrenia. METODOS: En el mes de enero de 2021, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cinhal y SportsDiscus, y se consultó bibliografía de artículos y revisiones relacionadas con el tema a estudio. Se identificaron estudios publicados en los últimos 5 años, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, con acceso a texto completo y en inglés que incluyeran intervenciones con ejercicio terapéutico y evaluaran los efectos que éstas producen en pacientes con esquizofrenia. RESULTADOS: De los 125 artículos identificados se incluyeron finalmente 13 que se ajustan a los criterios y el tema a estudio. En ellos la intervención más utilizada de ejercicio terapéutico fue el ejercicio aeróbico, así como el yoga y el taichi, como alternativas de control también se utilizaron el ejercicio aeróbico, pilates, ejercicios de estiramientos, tonificación y equilibrio. Los estudios arrojan efectos de estas formas de ejercicio terapéutico, con una duración y frecuencia determinada, con mejoras en la psicopatología, estado físico, estado cognitivo, funcionamiento social y capacidad funcional. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio terapéutico, principalmente el aeróbico, beneficia a los pacientes con esquizofrenia como complemento al tratamiento farmacológico al producir efectos beneficiosos a nivel físico, cognitivo, psicopatológico y social.

Actualización de los tratamientos para el cólico del lactante

RESUMEN Introducción: El cólico del lactante es un cuadro caracterizado por llanto repetitivo y continuado con dificultad para calmarse. Su origen no está definido, lo cual obstaculiza la existencia de un tratamiento de éxito. Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas más actuales acerca de los tratamientos existentes y susceptibles de usar en el cólico del lactante. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Cinhal, Medline y Scopus utilizando los descriptores, "Infant", "Colic", "Therapeutics" y la palabra clave "Treatment". Se obtuvieron 97 resultados totales, de los cuales resultaron ser válidos 15. Análisis e integración de la información: La finalidad común de los trabajos analizados es la disminución de la sintomatología del cólico del lactante, centrándose en la disminución del llanto, con tratamientos que van desde la administración de dosis orales de probióticos, hierbas medicinales y homeopatía, hasta el tratamiento con estímulos físicos como la terapia cráneo-sacra, la acupuntura, el masaje o la reflexología. Conclusiones: Existen múltiples tratamientos para el cólico del lactante, pero no se puede afirmar que uno sea más eficaz que los demás.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Infant colic is a condition characterized by repetitive and continuous crying with difficulty calming down. Its origin is not defined, which hinders the existence of a successful treatment. Objective: To analyze the most current scientific evidence on the existing treatments that can be used in infant colic. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in Cinhal, Medline and Scopus databases using the descriptors, "Infant", "Colic", "Therapeutics" and the keyword "Treatment". Ninety-seven total results were obtained, 15 of them were valid. Analysis and integration of information: The common purpose of the studies analyzed is to reduce the symptoms of colic in infants, focusing on reducing crying, treatments ranged from the administration of oral doses of probiotics, medicinal herbs and homeopathy, to treatment with physical stimuli such as cranio-sacral therapy, acupuncture, massage or reflexology. Conclusions: There are multiple treatments for infant colic but it cannot be said that one is more effective than the others.

Epidemiología del dolor raquídeo en una población de escolares de España / Epidemiology of spinal pain in a population of schoolchildren from Spain

Introducción. El dolor raquídeo es uno de los motivos principales de asistencia sanitaria; suele aparecer durante la etapa escolar, aumenta progresivamente con la edad y se relaciona con ciertos factores de riesgo. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la prevalencia de dolor raquídeo en escolares y examinar los factores asociados a su padecimiento. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal mediante un cuestionario realizado en escolares de 9 a 11 años. Se analizó la prevalencia del dolor, la actividad física, los autocuidados del raquis, el uso de la mochila y la utilización de dispositivos electrónicos. Resultados. Se analizaron 329 sujetos. La prevalencia de dolor raquídeo es del 34,3 %, sin diferencias entre sexos. Se considera de baja intensidad, con una media de dolor de 1,99 ± 2,54 sobre 10 según la escala Wong-Baker FACES®, y en más de la mitad de los casos, de corta duración, menos de 12 horas. El 22,2 % de los escolares refieren dolor cervical, mientras que el 14 % y 11,9 % refieren dolor dorsal y lumbar, respectivamente. Además, el 47,9 % refieren dolor en más de una región raquídea. El 73,3 % realiza actividad física fuera del horario escolar, y el 90,6 % de los estudiantes utiliza dispositivos electrónicos. Se observó relación entre la presencia de dolor y hábitos de higiene postural adecuados. Conclusiones. Los escolares refieren dolor raquídeo de baja intensidad y corta duración, con mayor frecuencia en la región cervical. La asociación con factores de riesgo revela que los que refieren dolor presentan mejores hábitos posturales.

Introduction. Spinal pain is one of the main reasons for seeking care; it usually appears during school age, increases with age, and is related to certain risk factors. The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of spinal pain among schoolchildren and examine associated factors. Population and methods. Cross-sectional study with a questionnaire administered to schoolchildren aged 9-11 years. The prevalence of pain, physical activity, spine self-care, backpack use, and electronic device use were analyzed. Results. A total of 329 subjects were analyzed. The prevalence of spinal pain is 34.3 %, with no differences observed between sexes. Pain severity is considered mild, with a mean severity of 1.99 ± 2.54 over 10 according to the Wong-Baker FACES® scale; in more than 50 % of cases, pain had a short duration (less than 12 hours). Cervical pain was referred by 22.2 % of schoolchildren, whereas dorsal and lumbar pain were reported by 14 % and 11.9 %, respectively. In addition, 47.9 % referred pain in more than one region of the spine. Also, 73.3 % of schoolchildren did physical activity outside school hours and 90.6 % used electronic devices. An association was observed between the presence of pain and adequate postural hygiene habits. Conclusions. Schoolchildren referred spinal pain that was mild and short in duration, often in the cervical region. The association with risk factors indicates that children who referred pain have better postural habits.

Epidemiology of spinal pain in a population of schoolchildren from Spain. / Epidemiología del dolor raquídeo en una población de escolares de España.

Introduction: Spinal pain is one of the main reasons for seeking care; it usually appears during school age, increases with age, and is related to certain risk factors. The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of spinal pain among schoolchildren and examine associated factors. Population and methods: Cross-sectional study with a questionnaire administered to schoolchildren aged 9-11 years. The prevalence of pain, physical activity, spine self-care, backpack use, and electronic device use were analyzed. Results: A total of 329 subjects were analyzed. The prevalence of spinal pain is 34.3%, with no differences observed between sexes. Pain severity is considered mild, with a mean severity of 1.99 ± 2.54 over 10 according to the Wong-Baker FACES® scale; in more than 50% of cases, pain had a short duration (less than 12 hours). Cervical pain was referred by 22.2% of schoolchildren, whereas dorsal and lumbar pain were reported by 14% and 11.9%, respectively. In addition, 47.9% referred pain in more than one region of the spine. Also, 73.3% of schoolchildren did physical activity outside school hours and 90.6% used electronic devices. An association was observed between the presence of pain and adequate postural hygiene habits. Conclusions: Schoolchildren referred spinal pain that was mild and short in duration, often in the cervical region. The association with risk factors indicates that children who referred pain have better postural habits.

Introducción. El dolor raquídeo es uno de los motivos principales de asistencia sanitaria; suele aparecer durante la etapa escolar, aumenta progresivamente con la edad y se relaciona con ciertos factores de riesgo. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la prevalencia de dolor raquídeo en escolares y examinar los factores asociados a su padecimiento. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal mediante un cuestionario realizado en escolares de 9 a 11 años. Se analizó la prevalencia del dolor, la actividad física, los autocuidados del raquis, el uso de la mochila y la utilización de dispositivos electrónicos. Resultados. Se analizaron 329 sujetos. La prevalencia de dolor raquídeo es del 34,3 %, sin diferencias entre sexos. Se considera de baja intensidad, con una media de dolor de 1,99 ± 2,54 sobre 10 según la escala Wong-Baker FACES®, y en más de la mitad de los casos, de corta duración, menos de 12 horas. El 22,2 % de los escolares refieren dolor cervical, mientras que el 14 % y 11,9 % refieren dolor dorsal y lumbar, respectivamente. Además, el 47,9 % refieren dolor en más de una región raquídea. El 73,3 % realiza actividad física fuera del horario escolar, y el 90,6 % de los estudiantes utiliza dispositivos electrónicos. Se observó relación entre la presencia de dolor y hábitos de higiene postural adecuados. Conclusiones. Los escolares refieren dolor raquídeo de baja intensidad y corta duración, con mayor frecuencia en la región cervical. La asociación con factores de riesgo revela que los que refieren dolor presentan mejores hábitos posturales.

How Do the Abdominal Muscles Change during Hypopressive Exercise?

Background and objective: Prior studies have reported an activation of abdominal muscles during hypopressive exercises in women with pelvic floor disfunction. However, no previous research analyzed the effects of hypopressive exercise on abdominal muscles in healthy populations to understand the normal biomechanics of this area. The aim of this study was to examine the thickness of abdominal muscles at rest and during hypopressive exercise in supine and standing positions with ultrasound imaging in healthy adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 99 healthy university students. The thickness of the abdominal muscles at rest and during hypopressive exercise was assessed with ultrasound imaging in supine and standing positions. Results: During hypopressive exercise, there was a significant increase in the muscle thickness of transversus abdominis (p < 0.001) and internal oblique (p < 0.001) in supine and standing positions. External oblique only increased its thickness significantly in the standing position (p < 0.001) and rectus abdominis did not change during the hypopressive exercise in any position (p > 0.05). In conclusion, hypopressive exercises seem to increase the thickness of the deepest and most stabilized muscles such as transversus abdominis and internal oblique. Conclusions: These findings should be considered for future interventions with hypopressive exercises in healthy subjects.

Are There Any Differences in Abdominal Activation between Women and Men during Hypopressive Exercises?

This study analyzes the effects of hypopressive exercises on the abdominal thickness of healthy subjects and compares the performance between women and men. We conducted a transversal observational study in 98 subjects (63% women). The muscle thickness is analyzed in transversus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, and rectus abdominis with ultrasound imaging at rest and during the hypopressive exercise (HE) in supine and standing position. Comparisons between rest and hypopressive exercise are carried out in the two different positions and between women and men. In the supine position, there is a significant activation of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique during hypopressive exercise (p < 0.001), and it is similar in both sexes, the external oblique is only activated significantly by men (p < 0.001) and rectus abdominis had no significant activation (p > 0.05). Our results show that standing transversus abdominis and external oblique significantly increased their thickness during HE with higher effects in men. Internal oblique also increased significantly, but with higher effects in women, and rectus abdominis had no significant increase. Men had similar effects to women during HE, with an activation of the deepest abdominal muscles. The unequal anatomy and the position could explain the different results obtained between the sexes.

Factores de riesgo para la rotura del manguito rotador / Risk factors for rotator cuff injury

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica actual para poder establecer qué factores están relacionados con la rotura del manguito rotador. Material y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura científica entre febrero y marzo de 2020 con los términos MeSH “risk factors” y “rotator cuff injuries”. Se obtuvieron 17 artículos válidos para la realización de la revisión. Resultados: El 47% de los artículos analizaron la relación de la lesión con parámetros morfológicos de la articulación, el 24% con ciertos tipos de enfermedades y el 29% restante con características personales, ambientales y del estilo de vida. Conclusión: El índice de masa corporal, la dislipemia o el consumo de tabaco podrían aumentar la prevalencia de la lesión del manguito rotador así como las características anatómicas o aspectos psicosociales y de estilo de vida (AU)

Objetives: To analyze the current scientific evidence about the risk factors of the rotator cuff injury. Material and Methods: A systematic search was carried out on February and march, 2020 with the MeSH terms “risk factors” and “rotator cuff injuries”. 17 studies were selected to be reviewed. Results: 47% of studies analyzed the relationship between the rotator cuff injury and morphologic parameters of the joint, 24% of studies with diseases and 29% with lifestyle and Ambiental characteristics. Conclusion: Body mass index, dyslipaemia or tobacco use may increase the prevalence of rotator cuff injury as well as anatomical features or psychosocial and lifestyle aspects (AU)

Ecografía pulmonar en neonatos / Lung ultrasound in newborns

Introducción: La ecografía pulmonar presenta diferentes ventajas con respecto a otras técnicas de imagen diagnóstica. Consiste en un procedimiento dirigido, rápido, menos costoso y que no expone a los pacientes a radiación ionizante. Objetivo: Comprobar la capacidad diagnóstica de la ecografía pulmonar en neonatos y su viabilidad como método diagnóstico alternativo a los principales métodos actuales. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos y buscador de artículos: Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of science, durante los meses de enero y febrero de 2018. Se localizaron 96 artículos, de los cuales se retiraron 80 tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión. La muestra quedó, por lo tanto, conformada por 16 artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años. Resultados: En 6 de los artículos seleccionados, se comparó la ecografía pulmonar con otras pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen, otros 6 evaluaron los hallazgos encontrados en pacientes ya diagnosticados y en los 4 restantes, los autores establecieron una clasificación según los signos ecográficos. Consideraciones finales: La ecografía pulmonar tiene resultados positivos en la totalidad de los estudios analizados, por ello, parece una herramienta diagnóstica de enfermedad pulmonar neonatal viable en un futuro próximo, que, además, tiene múltiples ventajas con respecto a otros métodos(AU)

Introduction: Lung ultrasound has different advantages in respect to other imaging diagnosis techniques. It is a directed, quick, less expensive technique and in which the patient is not exposed to ionizing radiation. Objective: To confirm the diagnosis ability of lung ultrasound in newborns and its feasibility as a diagnosis method to alternate with the current main procedures. Methods: It was carried out a bibliographic search in databases and articles searchers as Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of science during January and February 2018. 96 articles were found but 80 of them were removed after implementing the exclusion criteria. Therefore, the sample was formed by 16 articles published in the last five years. Results: In 6 of the selected articles it was compared lung ultrasound with other imaging diagnosis tests; other 6 articles assessed the findings in already diagnosed patients, and in the other 4 patients it was established a classification according to the echographic signs. Final considerations: Lung ultrasound has positive results in all the studies assessed, so, it looks like a viable tool in the near future for the diagnosis of neonatal lung disease, and in addition it has multiple advantages with respect to other methods(AU)

Early 3-month treatment with comprehensive physical therapy program restores continence in urinary incontinence patients after radical prostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: The objective of this study is to ascertain whether an early three-month treatment with electrotherapy and biofeedback restores continence in urinary incontinence patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: Design: The study performed a randomized, controlled trial of parallel and open groups. Configuration: Secondary care, urology department of a university hospital complex. PARTICIPANTS: Patients sent for RP due to prostate cancer (n = 60), 47 patients finally completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: The treatment group (TG) received physiotherapy consisting of electrotherapy and biofeedback, 3 days a week for 3 months, while the control group (CG) received no specific treatment. Both groups received a guide to perform pelvic floor exercises at home. The measurement instruments used were the 1- and 24-hour pad tests and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form. The recording method used was a micturition (urinary) diary. RESULTS: The results of the 1-hour pad test (PT) show statistically significant differences between groups at 3 months (P = .001) and 6 months (P = .001), in favor of those in the TG. Sixty-four percent of patients in the TG recovered continence as against 9.1% in the CG after 3 months in the 1-hour PT, in line with the objective of this study. CONCLUSIONS: An early physiotherapy program helps RP patients with urinary incontinence recover continence after 3 months. Moreover, they lead a better quality life.

Estimulación cerebral profunda del globo pálido interno en pacientes con síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette / Deep brain stimulation of internal globus pallidus in Tourette syndrome

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico caracterizado por tics y comorbilidades que comienza en la infancia. La estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP), aceptada como tratamiento para otros trastornos, se reserva para casos severos y pacientes con farmacorresistencia, aunque sigue permaneciendo en terreno experimental para esta patología. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la bibliografía científica actual acerca de la ECP del globo pálido interno en la reducción de tics y comorbilidades asociadas a este Síndrome. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de varios artículos científicos consultando (entre febrero y marzo de 2017) las bases de datos MedLine, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane. Se ha limitado la búsqueda a todos aquellos artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2017, escritos en inglés y realizados en humanos; se excluyeron revisiones, cartas al editor o aquellos que no se centrasen en el tema de estudio. RESULTADOS: En general, los resultados obtenidos muestran mejoras significativas en casi la totalidad de pacientes, pero, la carencia de estudios controlados aleatorizados con muestras mayores, la falta de resultados fiables, la ausencia de uniformidad en los protocolos y el desconocimiento de la fisiopatología y del área ideal a estimular, hacen que la aplicación de esta técnica no goce de evidencia científica suficiente para ser aceptada como parte del tratamiento de este síndrome hipercinético.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsyquiatric disorder characterized by tics and comorbidities which starts during the infancy. Deep brain Stimulation, accepted as treatment for other diseases, it is reserved for severe cases and pharmacoresistant patients, even though it still remains on the experimental field for this pathology. The main aim of this review is to analyse the current scientific bibliography about Deep brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus on the reduction of tics and associated comorbidities from Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of several scientific articles was done checking (February-March, 2017) MedLine, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. We have restricted the search to all those articles published from 2012 to 2017, written in English and done with humans, excluding those which were reviews, letters to the editor or not focussed on the subject of the study. RESULTS: In general, the outcomes shows significant improvements in almost the totality of patients but the lack of randomised controlled trials with higher samples, the shortage of reliable results and the lack of awareness of the physiopathology and the ideal target to stimulate, don't allow this technique to enjoy scientific evidence enough to be accepted as part of the treatment for this hyperkinetic disorder.