RESUMO
The present study was carried out in 26 viJlages at two Governates (Al-Khobah, and Haroob) in Jazan Region in Southwest Saudi Arabia to identify and detect the presence of Plasmodium in Anopheles arabiensis using nested-PCR technique. An. Arabiensis was identified by PCR and it was the predominant Anopheles mosquito in all the collection sites. A total of 257 An. Arabiensis females were collected and two samples from two villages (Almuatan and Alsabkha) out of 107 (1.87%) female mosquitoes from Haroob Governorate were found positive for the sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. Similarly, 3 out of 150 (2%) female mosquito samples from Um-alkhameir, AL-Khobah Governorate, were also found positive. Around fourfold increase of the sporozoite rate (from 0.61 to 2.0%) in An. arabiensis in Al-Khobah Governorate has been observed compared to the previous study of 2007-2008. The wide spread of An. arabiensis in Jazan region with >90% of the malaria cases caused by P. falciparum, along with infectivity rate ranges between 1.87 to 2.0% for P. falciparum in Al-Khobah and Haroob Governorates, suggests that P. falciparumn is the most predominant malaria parasite and An. Arabiensis is a very efficient malaria vector in the region. It also suggests more in-depth researches on the ecology, behavior, and control of An. Arabiensis to promote area-specific control programs.
Assuntos
Anopheles/parasitologia , Malária Falciparum/transmissão , Mosquitos Vetores/parasitologia , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Animais , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/genética , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Habitação , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Arábia SauditaRESUMO
The present study provided information on the susceptibility status of the adult and larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Bioassay tests were performed on adults and larvae by using WHO recommended concentrations and test kits. Adults of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to test papers impregnated with Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%), Cyfluthrin (0.15%), Deltamethrin (0.05%), Permethrin (0.75%), Fenitrothion (1%), Bendiocarb (0.1%) and DDT (4%) insecticides. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were found to be susceptible only to Cyfluthrin; (mortality rate was 100%), whereas variable resistances were observed from the rest of the other insecticides tested (mortality rates ranged between 93.6 and 17%). Larvae were subjected to different concentrations of Diflubenzuron, Methoprene (IGRs) and Temephos (Organophosphate). Adult emergence inhibition (IE50 & IE95) values for the IGRs and the (LC50 & LC95) for Temephos were determined by log-probit regression analysis. Ae. aegypti larvae were resistant to Temephos (LC50 61.8-LC95 35600.1 mg/l) and showed high susceptibility to Methoprene than Diflubenzuron (IE50 0.49-IE95 10.9 mg/l) and (IE50 0.86 and IE95 93.8 mg/l), respectively. Larvae were more susceptible to Methoprene than Diflubenzuron by 1.8 folds.
