The Role of Photo in Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Review.

Photo enhanced oxygen evolution reaction has recently emerged as an advanced strategy with great application prospects for highly efficient energy conversion and storage. In the course of photo enhanced oxygen evolution reactions, the other works focus has predominantly centered on catalysts while inadvertently overlooking the pivotal role of photo. Consequently, this manuscript embarks upon a comprehensive review of recent advancements in photo-driven, aiming to illuminate this critical dimension. A detailed introduction to the photothermal effect, photoelectronic effect, photon-induced surface plasmon resonance, photo and heterojunction, photo-induced reversible geometric conversion, photo-induced energy barrier reduction, photo-induced chemical effect, photo-charging, and the synthesis of laser/photo-assisted catalysts, offering prospects for the development of each case is provided. A detailed introduction to the photothermal effect, photoelectronic effect, photon-induced surface plasmon resonance, photo and heterojunction, photo-induced reversible geometric conversion, photo-induced energy barrier reduction, photo-induced chemical effect, photo-charging, and the synthesis of laser/photo-assisted catalysts is provided. At the same time, the overpotential and Tafel slope of some catalysts mentioned above at 10 mA cm-2 is collected, and calculated the lifting efficiency of light on them, offering prospects for the development of each case.

Pediatric Asthma and Food Allergy.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively summarize the evidence from observational studies on the relation between pediatric asthma and food allergy. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Medline and EMBASE (August 2016). Two independent reviewers appraised the studies and extracted the estimates of interest. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tools. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 32 relevant studies were identified but only 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Using random-effect model, food allergy showed strong association with asthma in children (OR = 2.87 [95% CI: 2.05-4.00]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that food allergy is associated with an increased risk of asthma in children.

[Efficacy of fluticasone propionate aerosol versus budesonide suspension in treatment of recurrent wheezing caused by bronchiolitis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of fluticasone propionate aerosol (flixotide) versus budesonide suspension in the treatment of recurrent wheezing caused by bronchiolitis. METHODS: A total of 214 infants with newly diagnosed bronchiolitis were randomly divided into flixotide treatment (106 infants) and budesonide treatment groups (108 infants), and were given aerosol inhalation of flixotide or budesonide for 3 months after achieving remission of clinical symptoms. Another 136 infants with bronchiolitis who did not receive regular inhalation of corticosteroid after achieving remission of clinical symptoms were enrolled as the control group. The follow-up visits were performed for 1 year, and the effects of the two therapeutic methods on recurrent wheezing were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, both the flixotide and budesonide treatment groups had significantly fewer times of wheezing episodes within 1 year and a significantly lower recurrence rate of wheezing within the first 3 months after regular inhalation of corticosteroid, but no significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups. The amount of corticosteroid inhaled and hospital costs in the budesonide treatment group were significantly higher than in the flixotide treatment group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous inhalation of flixotide or budesonide after remission of clinical symptoms in children with bronchiolitis can reduce wheezing episodes and the recurrence of wheezing, and flixotide treatment is superior to budesonide treatment in the aspects of hospital costs and the amount of corticosteroid used.