A Flexible Self-Powered Noncontact Sensor with an Ultrawide Sensing Range for Human-Machine Interactions in Harsh Environments.

Noncontact human-machine interactions (HMIs) provide a hygienic and intelligent approach to communicate between humans and machines. However, current noncontact HMIs are generally hampered by the interaction distance, and they lack the adaptability to environmental interference such as high humidity conditions. Here, we explore a self-powered electret-based noncontact sensor (ENS) with moisture-resisting ability and ultrawide sensing range exceeding 2.5 m. A megascopic air-bubble structure is designed to enhance charge-storage stability and charge-recovery ability of the ENS based on the heterocharge-synergy effect in electrets. Besides, multilayer electret films are introduced to strengthen the electric field by utilizing the electrostatic field superposition effect. Thanks to the above improved performances of the ENS, we demonstrate various noncontact HMI applications in harsh environments, including noncontact appliances, a moving trajectory and accidental fall tracking system, and a real-time machine learning-assisted gesture recognition system with accuracy as high as 99.21%. This research expands the way for noncontact sensor design and may further broaden applications in noncontact HMIs.

Discovery of a wild, genetically pure Chinese giant salamander creates new conservation opportunities.

Effective conservation of threatened biota relies on accurate assessments and scientific guidance. As an unfortunate example, Chinese giant salamanders ( Andrias, CGS) remain critically endangered in nature. Misguided conservation efforts, e.g., commercial propagation and releasing of millions of likely non-indigenous or interspecific hybrids, have further compromised conservation initiatives. Limited information on wild populations of CGS poses a significant conservation challenge. Following 18-month long field monitoring, we now report the discovery of a wild population of CGS in a closed nature reserve in Jiangxi Province, China. Genomic assessments reveal its genetic distinctiveness and do not detect genetic admixture with other species. Based on morphological and molecular evidences, we describe this CGS as a new species Andrias jiangxiensis sp. nov. This is the only known species of CGS today with a genetically pure, reproducing, in situ population. This discovery emphasizes the important role that closed nature reserves play in protecting species, and the necessity of integrating long-term field monitoring and genetic assessments. It sets a new pathway for discovering and conserving endangered species, especially for those biotas that are similarly being extirpated by anthropogenic translocations and overexploitation.

The lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap for head and neck reconstruction: two decades of clinical experience.

BACKGROUND: Microsurgical free flap has gained the popularity over pedicle flap nowadays in the reconstruction of head and neck. However, pedicled flaps remain a promising alternative and have a remarkable position in selected patients. This review study aimed to determine the reliability and versatility of the lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap for reconstructing complex defects in the head and neck. METHODS: Between 1993 and 2012, 22 male and 10 female patients underwent a total of 32 lower trapezius flap reconstructions for complex defects that included neoplasm extirpation (n = 21), radionecrosis (n = 6), dehisced laminectomy (n = 2), pressure sore (n = 2), and necrotizing fasciitis (n = 1). The most common site of defect was the perioral region, followed by the neck, posterior skull, back, temporal region, shoulder, and the upper arm. Flap design was based on the defect size and location, as well as the ability to close the donor site primarily and to preserve muscle function. Outcome has been evaluated by the hospital course, postoperative morbidity, mortality, resultant cosmetics, and function at donor and recipient sites. RESULTS: Stable wound coverage with total flap survival was achieved in 30 (93.75%) patients, 2 patients had partial flap necrosis which required flap reinsertion and skin graft coverage. All donor sites were closed primarily. Seroma developed in 2 (6.25%) patients, which were solved by needle aspiration. All muscle function was preserved. Eight patients died of their primary disease. CONCLUSIONS: For selected patients who have advanced stage cancer, surgical sequelae after free flap surgery, unable to tolerate microsurgery, or special defect location, pedicled lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap provides efficient and effective reconstruction for complex defects especially in the head and neck.