Cancer screening and prevention education in standardized training residents: A cross-sectional survey in single center.

BACKGROUND: Standardized residency training is an essential aspect of enhancing the ability of cancer prevention and screening of residents. The current study was performed to investigate tumor prevention, screening literacy and the training demands of standardized training residents and explore related influencing factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 residents of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. An online, self-designed questionnaire was employed to investigate tumor prevention and screening, training status, and the requirements of residents. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The mean age of the 320 participants was 26.04 ± 1.85 years;133, 83, and 104 were in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of standardized training, respectively. Among the common carcinogenic factors, smoking, infectious agents, and drinking were more correlated with tumors by 72.19, 66.57, and 64.38% of the physicians, respectively. Excess body weight, an insufficient intake of fruits and dietary fiber, and a lack of exercise were correlated with tumors by only 26.56, 25, and 23.44% of the physicians, respectively. The proportion of physicians providing an accurate answer to the tumor screening question ranged from 23.13 to 93.13%. The lowest accuracy was 23.13% for the initial age of regular breast cancer screening in general-risk women. The maximum rate of the primary liver cancer screening methods was 93.13%. Postgraduates and residents of oncology practitioners considered excess body weight and the insufficient intake of fruits and dietary fiber more relevant to cancer (P < 0.05). Male residents viewed more associations between tumors and a lack of exercise and air pollution (P < 0.05). Overall, 71.26% of participants felt that their tumor prevention and screening knowledge was poor and 95.31% thought they needed standardized tumor prevention and screening training. CONCLUSION: Tumor prevention and screening literacy of standardized training residents should be further improved. There is a huge knowledge demand for tumor prevention and screening. Therefore, it is vital to build a training program in line with the requirements of cancer prevention and control efforts that focus on improving literacy among residents.

Carbon ion (12C6+) irradiation induces the expression of Klrk1 in lung cancer and optimizes the tumor microenvironment based on the NKG2D/NKG2D-Ls pathway.

With the identification of "negative immune regulation" defects in the immune system and the continuous improvement of immunotherapy, natural killer cells (NK) have received more attention, especially as tools in combined immunotherapy. Carbon ions (12C6+) have become the ideal radiation for combined immunotherapy due to their significant radiobiological advantages and synergistic effects. The purpose of this study was to explore the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway and related mechanisms in lung cancer induced by carbon ion irradiation. KLRK1, which specifically encodes the NKG2D receptor, was significantly correlated with the prognosis, clinical stage, functional status of NK cells, and the immune microenvironment of lung cancer, as shown by bioinformatics analysis. Based on RNA-seq data of Lewis lung cancer in C57BL/6 mice, carbon ion irradiation was found to significantly induce Klrk1 gene expression and activate the NKG2D/NKG2D-Ls pathway. The Treg inhibition pathway combined with carbon ion radiotherapy could significantly increase the infiltration and function of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer and prolong the survival time of C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, carbon ions have significant radiobiological advantages, especially under conditions of combined immunotherapy. Carbon ions combined with Treg inhibitors can significantly improve the infiltration and functional status of NK cells.

Salidroside Induces Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells via the Downregulation of ENO1/PKM2/GLUT1 Expression.

Salidroside is reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties and has been proven to play a key anti-cancer effect. This study investigated the effects of purified salidroside, an ingredient of Rhodiola rosea, on the proliferation of two human gastric cancer cell lines and further investigating its possible molecular mechanisms. We verified that salidroside exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SGC-7901 and MKN-45 human gastric cancer cells. Moreover, salidroside can induce cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increase in nuclear fragmentation. In addition, salidroside inhibited glycolysis, as evidenced by the reduced expression levels of the glycolysis-related enzymes pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), enolase 1 (ENO1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), which could play important roles in the metabolism of gastric cancer cells. Further investigation showed that salidroside exerted potent anti-proliferative effects by inhibiting glycolysis in human gastric cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, xenograft tumors treated with salidroside were significantly smaller than those in the control animals. Therefore, salidroside could be a promising therapeutic prospect in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Irradiation-Induced Changes in the Immunogenicity of Lung Cancer Cell Lines: Based on Comparison of X-rays and Carbon Ions.

Increasing the immunogenicity of tumors is considered to be an effective means to improve the synergistic immune effect of radiotherapy. Carbon ions have become ideal radiation for combined immunotherapy due to their particular radiobiological advantages. However, the difference in time and dose of immunogenic changes induced by Carbon ions and X-rays has not yet been fully clarified. To further explore the immunogenicity differences between carbon ions and X-rays induced by radiation in different "time windows" and "dose windows." In this study, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to screen out the marker genes from the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of CD8+ T cells and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Also, ELISA was used to test the exposure levels of HMGB1, IL-10, and TGF-ß under different "time windows" and "dose windows" of irradiation with X-rays and carbon ions for A549, H520, and Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell lines. The results demonstrated that different marker genes were involved in different processes of immune effect. HMGB1 was significantly enriched in the activated state, while the immunosuppressive factors TGF-ß and IL-10 were mainly enriched in the non-functional state. Both X-rays and Carbon ions promoted the exposure of HMGB1, IL-10, and TGF-ß in a time-dependent manner. X-rays but not Carbon ions increased the HMGB1 exposure level in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, compared with X-rays, carbon ions increased the exposure of HMGB1 while relatively reduced the exposure levels of immunosuppressive factors IL-10 and TGF-ß. Therefore, we speculate that Carbon ions may be more advantageous than conventional X-rays in inducing immune effects.

Compositional mining of multiple object API protocols through state abstraction.

API protocols specify correct sequences of method invocations. Despite their usefulness, API protocols are often unavailable in practice because writing them is cumbersome and error prone. Multiple object API protocols are more expressive than single object API protocols. However, the huge number of objects of typical object-oriented programs poses a major challenge to the automatic mining of multiple object API protocols: besides maintaining scalability, it is important to capture various object interactions. Current approaches utilize various heuristics to focus on small sets of methods. In this paper, we present a general, scalable, multiple object API protocols mining approach that can capture all object interactions. Our approach uses abstract field values to label object states during the mining process. We first mine single object typestates as finite state automata whose transitions are annotated with states of interacting objects before and after the execution of the corresponding method and then construct multiple object API protocols by composing these annotated single object typestates. We implement our approach for Java and evaluate it through a series of experiments.