Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic Youth: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth.

Context: Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but not in sedentary behavior (SB), is related to cardiometabolic risk among non-Hispanic white youth. Objective: Examine associations of SB and MVPA with cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanic/Latino youth. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Four US communities. Participants: Hispanic/Latino youth (N = 1,426) ages 8 to 16 years. Measurements: Associations of MVPA and SB, measured using 7-day accelerometer data (independent variables), with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function (dependent variables), were assessed in multivariable linear regression models while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and accelerometer wear time. Additional models controlled for obesity measures. Results: SB comprised a mean (SD) of 75% (13%) of accelerometer wear time; mean (SD) time of MVPA was 35 min/d (22 min/d). Deleterious levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were associated with lower levels of MVPA and higher levels of SB (all P < 0.05). Associations of MVPA with log-transformed triglyceride concentrations (ß per 15-min/d increment, -0.039; SE, 0.018; P = 0.037) and SB with HDL-C (ß per 30-min/d increment, -0.63; SE, 0.26; P = 0.018), but not those with other markers, remained significant after adjusting for MVPA or SB and further adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. Higher SB tertiles were associated with lower soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in fully adjusted models (P for trend = 0.037). Conclusions: Physiological precursors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were associated with MVPA and SB among US Hispanic/Latino youth, a group that bears a disproportionate burden of metabolic disorders.

Intrinsic Motivation in Ethnic Minority Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.

Increasing intrinsic motivation (IM) may be an effective way to improve regimen adherence and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This preliminary study evaluated the reliability and validity of a new measure of intrinsic motivation for diabetes management for ethnic minority youth with T1D. The 12-item Intrinsic Motivation Inventory for Diabetes Management (IMI-DM) was developed to assess perceptions of confidence in and the importance of engaging in self-care behaviors for diabetes management. Participants included 51 11-16 year-old minority adolescents (M age = 13.5 years) with T1D and their parents. The IMI-DM demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α=.92). Higher IM was associated with better diabetes self-management behaviors and glycemic control, better youth self-concept, less depression and family conflict, and greater youth responsibilities for diabetes management. These findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of a new diabetes-specific IM measure for youth with T1D, and identified some key individual and family factors that may be important to consider in interventions to improve regimen adherence and glycemic control in minority youth with T1D.