Chlamydia trachomatis infections in eastern Europe: legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

OBJECTIVES: Knowledge concerning genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in eastern Europe is scarce. Data on the legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection have never been collected, summarised, and presented to the international scientific community. The aim of this study was to present the current situation on the main aspects of chlamydial infections in the countries of eastern Europe. METHODS: Written questionnaires concerning legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection were distributed among national STI operating administrators as well as researchers who had presented papers at earlier meetings of European chlamydia or STI societies. RESULTS: Most of the countries have not legalised reporting of chlamydial infections and in those who have done so, the quality of the reporting system is poor. Contact tracing is mostly done on a voluntary basis. Reported chlamydia incidence varies from 21 to 276 per 100000 inhabitants. The most commonly used diagnostic test remains the direct immunofluorescence test; however, some tendencies towards nucleic acid amplification are in evidence. Diagnostic services are paid for by the patient himself, while treatment in many countries is partially or completely covered by public insurance. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report summarising data concerning the situation on C trachomatis infections in eastern Europe. The reporting system and diagnosis of C trachomatis infections remain suboptimal, which allows neither control of the epidemiological situation nor optimal treatment of the patients. The most urgent work currently necessary is the education of professionals and the general population.

[Prevalence of HBV and HCV infection markers in patients with sexually transmitted diseases]. / Czestosc wystepowania wskazników zakazenia wirusami HBV i HCV u pacjentów z chorobami przenoszonymi droga plciowa.

Sera of 125 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydiosis, HPV and HIV infections) were investigated for presence of 3 markers of HBV infection; they were found in 41 (33%) patients. Anti-HBc was present in sera of 35 (28%) patients, in 3 of them antigen HBs was found and in 28 anti-HBs was found as well. Antigen HBs alone was present in sera of 6 other patients but they were not reactive in test for anti-HBc. Moreover in this group of 125 patients anti-HCV were discovered in 4 (3%); in 3 of them occurrence of markers of HBV infection was found.

[Contraceptive devices as a cause of urethritis]. / Spirale przeciwciazowe jako powód zapalenia cewki moczowej.

PIP: A group of 61 sexual partners were analyzed, including men reporting cases of urethritis and their partners using IUDs. Treatment with antibiotics recommended for NGU was most effective (17 or 21 cases) in those couples infected with chlamydia (group 1), less in couples without chlamydia infections (8 or 16), but maintaining sporadic sexual contacts with other partners (group 2), and was frequently ineffective (10 of 14) in couples without chlamydia infection and without a history of incidental sexual contacts with other partners (group 3). In cases of failure of antibiotic treatment, the symptoms and signs of urethritis regressed in males and inflammatory changes in vaginal discharge disappeared in their partners after IUD removal. In group 3, 10 of 24 couples were not given any antibiotics and IUD removal was the only treatment. (author's modified)^ieng