Comparative study on breast milk of mothers delivering preterm and term infants--protein, fat and lactose.

Milk samples were collected from 35 mothers delivering preterm infants and from 35 mothers delivering term infants at 3 time intervals over the first 3 weeks of lactation. The samples were collected by manual expression from both breasts into polyethylene containers and were frozen at -20 degrees C and stored for analysis. The protein content of preterm milks during the first and second weeks is higher than that of term milk (P less than 0.05). The fat and lactose contents during the first week are slightly more in term milk than in preterm milk. During the third week the fat content of preterm milk is higher but its lactose content was lower. All these differences are not significant. These results are discussed.

Comparative analysis of total proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, fibers, lipids, macro and micro minerals contents in different types of Egyptian bread.

Seven types of Egyptian bread were collected from different rural and urban areas. The chemical composition including total proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, fibers, lipids, macro and micro minerals contents were determined. Total proteins content was higher in shamssy bread than other types of bread. Crude fat has the highest value in bread made from mixture of cereals, especially when trigonella is found, while fiber content was highest when mixture of cereals containing sorghum is used. Ash content of bread made from maize + wheat showed a higher value than other types and the differences were highly significant. Ca, Mg, Cu, and Fe were higher in bread made from sorghum + trigonella blend than other types of bread. Variations in the amino acids content of the different types of bread were found; these differences due to the origin of different cereals, the method of bread processing and the differences in the extraction rates of the flour.

The Egyptian National Nutrition Survey, 1978.

PIP: A national nutrition survey was conducted in Egypt during January-April 1978 in an effort to quantify the protein energy and anemia status of young children from rural and urban areas. Data from 9794 preschool children (8016 in the total representative sample and 1778 in metropolitan Cairo-Giza and Alexandria) were analyzed. Questionnaires on 106 additional children were excluded because of obvious errors in age or anthropometric data. The overall prevalence of wasting was low in all the areas studied. Stunting was identified in 20.8% of the representative sample children. The highest prevalences of stunting occurred in rural villages, small and large, particularly in Upper Egypt (27.0%). Linear growth improved, among the children studied, with increasing urbanization. In cities with a population greater than 50,000 (excluding Cairo and Alexandria), the prevalence of stunting was only 10.6%. The prevalence of stunting was 15.7% and 18.8% in the disadvantaged areas of Alexandria and Cairo-Giza, respectively, and only 1.1% in the special comparison group of 1883 socioeconomically advantaged children. Concurrent wasting and stunting was noted in 0.3% of the representative sample. Children in the 2 age groups between 6-23 months had the highest prevalence of acute undernutrition, and children aged 36-47 months had the highest prevalence of overnutrition. The prevalence of chronic undernutrition was highest in the 3 age groups between 12-47 months and declined approximately 16% in the 2 age groups between 48-71 months. The prevalence of severe malnutrition declined with urbanization from a high of 12.9% in small villages in Upper Egypt to 3.8% in the small cities. Among children in the disadvantaged areas of Alexandria and Cairo-Giza, the prevalences were 4.8% and 9.1%, respectively. For the representative sample, anemia was highest in the 3 age groups between 12-47 months. Of the 9794 children surveyed, 17 had edema in both feet. More than 1 clinical sign of vitamin D deficiency was found in 1.4% of children. Bitot's spots were found in only 4 children and corneal scars in 16.^ieng