Processo de trabalho de enfermeiros Mato-Grossenses na atenção primária à saúde durante a pandemia de covid-19: desafios e limitações / Work process of nurses from Mato Grosso in primary health care during the covid-19 pandemic: challenges and limitations / Proceso de trabajo de enfermeros de Mato Grosso en la atención primaria de salud durante la pandemia de covid-19: desafíos y limitaciones

O objetivo do estudo é analisar os desafios e limitações no processo de trabalho de enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19 no estado de Mato Grosso. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Mato Grosso. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre o mês de novembro de 2020 a julho de 2021, por meio de entrevista remota aberta, contendo uma pergunta norteadora "Quais desafios e limitações enfrentaram ou ainda enfrentam como enfermeira(o) no contexto da pandemia?" Os dados foram transcritos de forma naturalista e analisados de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bandin. Emergiu uma categoria central intitulada: "Desafios e limitações enfrentados por enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde no processo de trabalho durante a pandemia covid-19". A análise dos dados revelou que os principais desafios estavam relacionados a organização do processo de trabalho, o qual comprometeu atendimentos e realização de exames da população em geral, déficit na equipe de saúde, houve também dificuldades em sensibilizar a comunidade quanto aos riscos e como prevenir a contaminação, além da necessidade de aprimoramento teórico dos profissionais quanto ao período correto para solicitação do exame de Covid-19. Espera-se que os resultados, gerem reflexões e auxiliem os enfermeiros, demais profissionais da saúde e sociedade a minimizar outros problemas de saúde que virem a surgir. (AU)

The objective of the study is to analyze the challenges and limitations in the work process of Primary Health Care nurses in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in the state of Mato Grosso. This is an exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out with Primary Health Care PS nurses in Mato Grosso. Data collection took place between November 2020 and July 2021, through an open remote interview, containing a guiding question "What challenges and limitations did you face or still face as a nurse in the context of the pandemic?" Data were transcribed in a naturalistic way and analyzed according to the content analysis technique proposed by Bandin. A central category emerged entitled: "Challenges and limitations faced by Primary Health Care PS nurses in the work process during the covid-19 pandemic". Data analysis revealed that the main challenges were related to the organization of the work process, which compromised consultations and examinations of the general population, a deficit in the health team, there were also difficulties in sensitizing the community to the risks and how to prevent them. contamination, in addition to the need for theoretical improvement of professionals regarding the correct period for requesting the Covid-19 exam. It is expected that the results will generate reflections and help nurses, other health professionals and society to minimize other health problems that may arise. (AU)

El objetivo del estudio es analizar los desafíos y limitaciones en el proceso de trabajo de las enfermeras de la Atención Primaria de Salud en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19 en el estado de Mato Grosso. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con enfermeros de PS de la Atención Primaria de Salud de Mato Grosso. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre noviembre de 2020 y julio de 2021, a través de una entrevista abierta a distancia, que contenía una pregunta orientadora "¿Qué desafíos y limitaciones enfrentó o aún enfrenta como enfermera en el contexto de la pandemia?" Los datos fueron transcritos de forma naturalista y analizados según la técnica de análisis de contenido propuesta por Bandin. Surgió una categoría central titulada: "Desafíos y limitaciones que enfrentan las enfermeras de PS de Atención Primaria de Salud en el proceso de trabajo durante la pandemia de covid-19". El análisis de los datos reveló que los principales desafíos estaban relacionados con la organización del proceso de trabajo, lo que comprometía consultas y exámenes de la población en general, déficit en el equipo de salud, también hubo dificultades para sensibilizar a la comunidad sobre los riesgos y cómo prevenirlos. contaminación, además de la necesidad de perfeccionamiento teórico de los profesionales en cuanto al período correcto para solicitar el examen Covid-19. Se espera que los resultados generen reflexiones y ayuden a las enfermeras, otros profesionales de la salud y la sociedad a minimizar otros problemas de salud que puedan surgir. (AU)

Gastrointestinal Motility, Mucosal Mast Cell, and Intestinal Histology in Rats: Effect of Prednisone.

Our aim was to verify the effects of prednisone related to gastrointestinal motility, intestinal histology, and mucosal mast cells in rats. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control group (vehicle) animals receiving saline 0.9% (n = 7) or treated orally with 0.625 mg/kg/day of prednisone (n = 7) or 2.5 mg/kg/day of prednisone (n = 7) during 15 days. Mast cells and other histologic analyses were performed in order to correlate to gastric emptying, cecum arrival, and small intestine transit evaluated by Alternating Current Biosusceptometry. Results showed that prednisone in adult rats increased the frequency of gastric contractions, hastened gastric emptying, slowed small intestinal transit, and reduced mucosal mast cells. Histologically, the treatment with both doses of prednisone decreased villus height, whereas longitudinal and circular muscles and crypt depth were not affected. These findings indicate an impairment of intestinal absorption which may be linked to several GI dysfunctions and symptoms. The relationship between gastrointestinal motor disorders and cellular immunity needs to be clarified in experimental studies since prednisone is one of the most prescribed glucocorticoids worldwide.

Gastrointestinal disorders after immunosuppression: an experimental model to evaluate the influence of monotherapy on motility parameters.

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? The aim was to propose an animal model for investigating the effects of immunosuppressive monotherapy on gastrointestinal motility using a non-invasive biomagnetic technique. What is main finding and its importance? In our experimental study, immunosuppressive drugs currently in use accelerated gastric emptying whilst increasing the frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions after treatment, except for Mycophenolate and azathioprine. Alternating current biosusceptometry is a useful tool to evaluate side-effects of drugs on the gastrointestinal tract, which will help in understanding the symptoms and improving clinical management of patients. The aim was to propose an animal model for investigating the effects of immunosuppressive monotherapy on gastrointestinal motility using a non-invasive biomagnetic technique. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into the following treatment groups: ciclosporin, tacrolimus, prednisone, sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, everolimus, azathioprine and control. Each animal was treated for 14 days by gavage with dosages ranging from 1 to 20 mg kg-1  day-1 considering the area-to-volume ratio and hepatic metabolism. Gastrointestinal transit and gastric contractility measurements were evaluated by alternating current biosusceptometry before and after treatment. Gastric emptying was faster in animals treated with tacrolimus, prednisone, sirolimus and everolimus compared with control animals (126.7 ± 12.7 min). There was a significant increase in the frequency of contractions after ciclosporin, tacrolimus, azathioprine and sirolimus treatment compared with control animals (4.6 ± 0.3 cycles min-1 ). Increases in the amplitude of contraction were observed after treatment with tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus compared with control rats (34.9 ± 6.0 dB). The results showed that our animal model was suitable for demonstrating that most immunosuppressive drugs currently in use impaired at least one gastrointestinal motility parameter. As a non-invasive technique, alternating current biosusceptometry is a potentially useful tool for evaluation of side-effects of drugs in gastrointestinal tract, helping us to understand the symptoms to improve clinical management of patients.