Does the use of universal adhesive systems improve the durability of the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel?

Background: Universal adhesive systems used for restorative clinical procedures are like orthodontics and may be a viable option. This study evaluated the effectiveness of universal adhesive systems in enhancing the durability of the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel. Material and Methods: 100 bovine incisors were divided into five groups (n=20), according to the applied adhesive systems: Primer Transbond XT; Ambar; Ambar Universal; Single Bond Universal; Adper Single Bond 2. Bracket from each tooth were submitted to SBS test after 24 hours, and 12 months later. The amount of remaining adhesive was evaluated through ARI. Results: After 24 hours, there was no difference in BS between the control and the other groups (p>0.05). However, there were difference between TOTALETCHING1 group and the Ambar Universal (p=0.015) and Single Bond Universal groups (p=0.011). After 12 months, Primer Transbond XT, Ambar, Ambar Universal and Adper Single Bond 2 showed no differences in the SBS (p>0.05). Nonetheless, Single Bond Universal presented superior result when compared to Primer Transbond XT (p=0.046) and Ambar (p=0.011) groups. The SBS of all groups reduced significantly after 12 months (p<0.05). There was no difference between ARI scores in each individually assessed group (p>0.05), for both periods. Following 24 hours, a difference was observed between the groups (p=0.043), fact that didn't occur after 12 months (p=0.109). Conclusions: Adhesive systems, such as Ambar Universal and Single Bond Universal are efficient in bonding orthodontic brackets to enamel when associated with Transbond XT adhesive paste. Key words:Bond strength; Primer Transbond XT, orthodontic brackets, adhesive systems.

A Novel Mobile App Intervention to Reduce Dental Anxiety in Infant Patients.

Introduction: Anxiety and fear are feelings routinely associated with the dental experience, especially in childhood and adolescence. These have been prominent in the world for many years and are currently considered a public health issue. Since the young population is an assiduous user of virtual inputs, it was sought to develop a mobile application (app) with the function of reducing the levels of dental anxiety in children before dental treatment and evaluate its effectiveness. Materials and Methods: An app, entitled "Hello, Dentist!", containing dental anticipation videos, was developed by a multidisciplinary team and evaluated. This app was tested in two children groups (dental and school settings), aged 6-10 years. Children and caregivers answered sociodemographic questions. In addition, to measure children's dental anxiety, they completed the Children's Fear Survey Schedule before and after app utilization. Control groups were utilized. A total of 100 children were included in this study. Results: Anxiety levels were statistically lower in the groups using the app when compared with their control groups (p < 0.05). The effectiveness in reducing anxiety was greater when the initial anxiety values were higher, as seen in the dental environment group (p = 0.029). Dental procedures previously experienced, as well as the environment (dental or school) in which children were inserted, were factors that influenced their initial anxiety levels. Conclusions: The creation and utilization of an app to reduce dental anxiety are feasible and effective. The app developed decreased children's anxiety, especially in the dental setting, by anticipating dental situation.

Microtomographic analysis of the effect of sodium alendronate on orthodontic movement in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of sodium alendronate on orthodontic tooth movement in rats using microtomographic analysis. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Thirty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into three groups of 10 rats and administered saline (control), 1 mg/kg sodium alendronate or 6 mg/kg sodium alendronate, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The drug was administered once per week for 5 weeks by gavage. Orthodontic movement was induced during the last 2 weeks of medication administration by inserting a closed nickel-titanium spring between the left upper first molar and central incisors. The opposite side served as the control. Tooth movement and bone trabeculation in the furcation region were evaluated by microtomographic analysis in the first (moved) and third (static) molars. The data were subjected to one-way or two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (P < .05). RESULTS: The microtomographic images of the group that received 6 mg/kg sodium alendronate demonstrated significantly less tooth movement (P = .048), less space between the trabeculae (P = .031) and greater number of bone trabeculae (P = .033) compared to the other groups. There were no statistically significant differences in bone volume and mean trabecular thickness between the three groups. The static teeth did not show the same alterations (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Sodium alendronate treatment reduced tooth movement in rats.

Tratamento precoce da Classe III esquelética com ancoragem absoluta ­ relato de caso / Skeletal Class III early treatment with absolute anchorage ­ case report

Diante da má oclusão de Classe III esquelética por deficiência da maxila, a protração maxilar, precedida ou não pela disjunção palatina, é o procedimento mais utilizado pelos ortodontistas. Entretanto promove compensações dentárias e está limitada a idades muito precoces. O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar, por meio de relato de caso clínico, o tratamento da Classe III esquelética com ancoragem óssea, potencializando os resultados da protração e minimizando os efeitos dentários indesejáveis preconizados pelo protocolo Manhães. Esse tratamento foi utilizado em uma paciente antes do pico do surto de crescimento puberal e incluiu a expansão rápida da maxila, com Hyrax híbrido, associado a elásticos de Classe III sob uso de 24 horas/dia, ligados a um dispositivo suportado por dentes e mini-implantes (MI) e ancoragem mandibular implanto-suportada (Barra Manhães), além do uso da máscara facial noturna. Observou-se considerável avanço maxilar, melhor colaboração, ausência de compensações dentárias e efetivo custo-benefício ao paciente (AU)

Abstract In the presence of skeletal Class III malocclusion due to maxillary deficiency, maxillary protraction preceded or not by palatine disjunction is the procedure most frequently used by orthodontists. However, it promotes dental compensations and it is limited to very early ages. The present article aims to show, through a clinical case report, the treatment of skeletal Class III with bone anchorage, potentiating protraction results and minimizing the undesirable dental effects as recommended by Manhães. This protocol was used in one patient prior to pubertal growth spurt and included rapid maxillary expansion with Hyrax hybrid associated to Class III elastics used 24 hours/day attached to a supported device. by teeth and mini-implants (IM) and implant-supported mandibular anchorage (Barra Manhães) besides the use of nocturnal facial mask. Considerable maxillary advancement, better collaboration, absence of dental compensations and effective cost-benefit to the patient were observed. (AU)

Salivary immunoglobulin levels in juvenile autoimmune hepatitis.

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in whole saliva from patients affected by autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). DESIGN: Twelve individuals with AIH and 12 healthy individuals without (CON) autoimmune hepatitis, aged 8-18 years, participated in this study. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected and centrifuged. Supernatants were separated and lyophilized. Salivary pH was measured and immunoglobulins were analyzed through ELISA technique. RESULTS: Salivary pH (CON, 7.17 ±â€¯0.45; AIH, 6.92 ±â€¯0.43) did not differ between groups (p = 0.183). Measurable levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were detected on all patients. IgG levels were higher in AIH individuals (CON, 1.058 ±â€¯0.386; AIH, 1.635 ±â€¯0.373; p = 0.001), whereas IgA (CON, 0.915 ±â€¯0.187; AIH, 0.995 ±â€¯0.235; p = 0.362), IgM (CON, 0.683 ±â€¯0.147, AIH, 0.646 ±â€¯0.161; p = 0.561) and IgE levels (CON, 1.241 ±â€¯0.378; AIH, 1.312 ±â€¯0.412; p = 0.664) did not present differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest differences in salivary IgG levels between individuals with and without AIH. Thus, saliva has the potential of becoming an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of AIH.

Generalized odontodysplasia in a 5-year-old patient with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome: clinical aspects, cone beam computed tomography findings, and conservative clinical approach.

This article aims to report the main clinical aspects, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings, and conservative oral rehabilitation in a child born from a consanguineous marriage who presented with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) and generalized odontodysplasia. A 5-year-old girl presented with a diagnosis of HSS for oral evaluation. Radiographically, all teeth showed wide pulp chambers and roots with thin dentinal walls and open apices, resembling ghost teeth and indicating a diagnosis of odontodysplasia. Oral rehabilitation consisted of partial dentures that were regularly adjusted to conform the device with the pattern of growth and development of the child. CBCT scan provided great insight into HSS, allowing a detailed view of the morphologic aspects and associated trabecular bone pattern. Treatment of these 2 rare conditions in young children must consider the stage of growth and development. Although extremely rare in HSS, odontodysplasia should be investigated and conservatively managed in young children.

Comparative proteomic analysis of human whole saliva of children with protein-energy undernutrition.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protein profile of children with different levels of protein-energy undernutrition (PEU) through a proteomic approach of human whole saliva. METHODS: Initially, saliva samples of children with mild, moderate, and severe PEU were collected and lyophilized. Saliva samples of healthy children were used as controls. Samples were analyzed for total protein using the Bradford method. Saliva samples were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis according to their isoelectric point (pI) and their molecular weights (MWs). RESULTS: Comparisons of protein bands among the healthy and mildly, moderately, and severely undernourished children showed significant differences in the MWs (P = 0.001) and pI values (P = 0.03). In total 159 spots were identified in the healthy children; 156, 168, and 221 spots were observed in mildly, moderately, and severely undernourished children, respectively. Mildly undernourished children presented with the spot with the highest MW of 293 kDa (pI = 7.77) and the lowest MW of 5 kDa (pI = 4.83). Moderately undernourished children were the only ones who did not present with a protein band with an MW of 30 kDa. The presence of a protein band with an MW of 123 kDa (pI = 516), possibly a cyclin-dependent protein kinase, was also observed only in this group. CONCLUSION: The protein profile in saliva varies according to the presence or absence of PEU, and these variations are specifically expressed in different grades of undernutrition. Thus, saliva may be an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of PEU.