Evaluation of Proportion between Incisal Edge to Gingival Zenith Distance and Interdental Papilla in Maxillary Anterior Dentition of Indian Population.

INTRODUCTION: Not many investigations have evaluated the relationship between the height of the interdental papillae, gingival zenith and maxillary anterior teeth. The assessment of these parameters can aid in fabricating definitive aesthetic restoration. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of proportional ratio between the incisal edge to gingival zenith (HGZ) and the tip of the interdental papilla (HIP) in maxillary anterior teeth for Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred healthy volunteers with an average age of 25-30 years comprised the evaluation group. Impression was made using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material and type IV Dental stone cast was made. A calibrated digital caliper measured the distance between HGZ and HIP. The values for all six maxillary teeth were recorded and the proportional ratio was evaluated and statistically analysed. RESULTS: The mean ratio between HGZ and HIP of all maxillary anteriors in 1(st) and 2(nd) quadrant was 1.80, 1.71, and 2.03 in central incisor, lateral incisor and canine respectively with p-value > 0.9. CONCLUSION: The mean proportional measurements for maxillary anterior teeth were determined and no definitive proportion existed between HGZ and HIP of maxillary anterior teeth.

De Novo transcriptome assembly (NGS) of Curcuma longa L. rhizome reveals novel transcripts related to anticancer and antimalarial terpenoids.

Herbal remedies are increasingly being recognised in recent years as alternative medicine for a number of diseases including cancer. Curcuma longa L., commonly known as turmeric is used as a culinary spice in India and in many Asian countries has been attributed to lower incidences of gastrointestinal cancers. Curcumin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the rhizomes of this plant has been shown to have significant anticancer properties, in addition to antimalarial and antioxidant effects. We sequenced the transcriptome of the rhizome of the 3 varieties of Curcuma longa L. using Illumina reversible dye terminator sequencing followed by de novo transcriptome assembly. Multiple databases were used to obtain a comprehensive annotation and the transcripts were functionally classified using GO, KOG and PlantCyc. Special emphasis was given for annotating the secondary metabolite pathways and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. We report for the first time, the presence of transcripts related to biosynthetic pathways of several anti-cancer compounds like taxol, curcumin, and vinblastine in addition to anti-malarial compounds like artemisinin and acridone alkaloids, emphasizing turmeric's importance as a highly potent phytochemical. Our data not only provides molecular signatures for several terpenoids but also a comprehensive molecular resource for facilitating deeper insights into the transcriptome of C. longa.

Sugammadex rescue following prolonged rocuronium neuromuscular blockade with 'recurarisation' in a patient with severe renal failure.

We describe our experience of a 71-year-old patient with severe renal failure, who exhibited an unusually prolonged rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade (>4 h) and apparent recurarisation, following emergency rapid sequence induction (RSI). At the end of operation, 45 min post induction, train-of-four (TOF) testing had been 4/4 prior to wake up. No respiratory effort was seen 150 min postinduction, despite further neostigmine/glycopyrrolate and repeat TOF 4/4. The patient was resedated and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). At 180 min postinduction, fade was evident on TOF, suggestive of rocuronium reblockade. At 285 min, the patient was extubated safely following sugammadex administration and discharged uneventfully from the ICU. An important lesson to recognise is the potential for extremely prolonged neuromuscular blockade following rocuronium in patients with severe renal failure, particularly when using the higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) required for RSI, and that TOF in such cases may not be reliable in detecting residual blockade.