[Bacterial profiles in conjunctival sac of dry eyes and normal eyes in middle- and old-aged Yi populations].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bacterial profiles in conjunctival sac of dry eyes and normal eyes in Yi people aged 40 years or old. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with standardized training and protocol. A total of 140 dry eyes of 70 individuals from Yi people in Jiulong county underwent ophthalmological examinations. The secretions of the inferior palpebral conjunctival sac were embrocated and inoculated on blood plates for 48 hours. The bacteria were separated and identified. Another 132 normal eyes from 66 Yi individuals were examined as controls. RESULTS: Bacterial positive cultivations were found in 72.1% (101/140) of dry eyes and 67.4% (89/132) of normal eyes, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.397). No gender difference in the bacterial positive rates was found either. Gram-positive bacteria were the main bacteria in both dry eyes (95.2%, 98/103) and normal eyes (91.1%, 82/90), predominantly staphylococcus epidemids and corynebacterium. There were no statistical differences in the constituents of bacteria in Gram classification and numbers of bacteria between dry eyes and normal eyes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The bacterial profile in conjunctival sac of dry eyes is similar to that of normal eyes in Yi people aged 40 years or over. Gram-positive bacteria are the main bacteria.

Comparison on conjunctival sac bacterial flora of the seniors with dry eye in Ganzi autonomous prefecture.

AIM: To compare the bacterial flora in palpebral conjunctiva of xerophthalmia seniors of Tibetan, Yi and Han, and analyze the differences and similarities of the bacteria. METHODS: The test subjects were selected from 2 Tibetan, 2 Yi and 3 Han populated places, respectively. Total 222 seniors (444 eyes) with dry eye were examined. Secretion was collected from the palpebral conjunctiva of the subjects and then inoculated onto a blood agar plate. After 48h of incubation, the bacteria were examined for the differences and similarities between different ethnics. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (P>0.05) of Gram stain characterization, dominant bacteria and number of the bacterial species present in oxrophthalmia patients among Tibetan, Yi and Han nationalities. The bacteria presented in all groups include staphylococcus epidermidis, corynebacterium, micrococcus luteu, intracellular bacteria sphingomonas, pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacteria detected from the two of three ethnic groups were staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus haemolyticus, escherichia coli, kytococcus sedentarius, streptococcus angina, micrococcus lylae, and staphylococcus heads. The incidence rate of bacteria-associated dry eye in Tibetan population was significantly lower than that of Han and Yi population. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in the bacteria flora of palpebral conjunctiva observed among dry eye elder populations of Tibetan, Yi and Han people. All of staphylococcus epidermidis, corynebacterium, micrococcus luteu, intracellular bacteria sphingomonas, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus haemolyticus, escherichia coli, kytococcus sedentarius, streptococcus angina, micrococcus lylae and staphylococcus heads are common bacteria flora of the three nationalities inhibiting in this area.

Identification of 2 strains of suspected Yersinia pestis isolated from Marmot,,himalayana in Dege County,Sichuan Province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective Throush identify biochemical characteristics and virulence factors of 2 strains suspected Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)isolated from the dead Marmota himalayana(M.himalayana)to confirm the nature epidemic focus in Dege County,Sichuan Province.Methods Y.pestis was analyzed by specific staining and shape,culturing characteristics,splitting-test by bacteriophage,test of biochemical characteristics and glycolysis ability,virulence factors,virulence,nutritional requirement,plasmid,genetic test and genetic type. Results The tested strains were Gram staining bacilus.The main biochemical characteristics were Arabinose(+)、 Rhamnose(-),Maltose(+),Melibiose(-),Glycerol(+),Denitrification(+).The virulence factors with FI+.VW+, Pgm+,Pst I+;and with the common 6.0×106,45.0×106,65.0×106 plasmids,also with the virulence-relative plasmid gene.Both their absolutely lethal dose(LD100)in mice were 50 bacteria.The nutritional requirement appeared which were depended on Phenylalanine and Methionine.With the Genomovar 5 genotype characteristics of M.himalayana plague foci of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.The difference between tested strains and Yersinia pseudotubercuosis on the 3 different culture medium was obvious.The tested strains had a Y.pestis' specific 3a fragment,Pst I and FI-Ag,at 22 ℃,the strains could be split by bacteriophage completely.Conclusions According to the diagnostic criteria of plague in China,the 2 suspected strains isolated from Dege County,Sichuan Province ale confirmed as Y.pestis.both with powerful virulenceand with the characteristics of the Y.pestis of M.himahtyana in Qinghai-Tibet plateau plague natural focus.

On Construction of Art Mass Organization in Medical Colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The construction of art mass organization in medical colleges can consummate quality education system,make up insufficiency of the classroom teaching,promote medical students' comprehensive development and innovative ability and mold fine mind and lofty medical ethics.Therefore,it has important theoretical and practical significance to study existing problems and find out the ways to improve art mass organization construction of medical schools.

[RAPD analysis for the genetic diversity of Brassica rapa in Tibet].

Tibet, a most beautiful place, locating in southwestern China. She has been called as the third pole of the earth. Unique geological history, complex land surface and climatic zones, various soil types, all different wild vegetations etc., all of these make Tibet a very typical area of vertical agricultural ecosystem. The ecosystem in Tibet may be the most complex in the world, which varies from place to place. Genetic differentiation of 107 accessions of Brassica rapa from Tibet plateau was studied by DNA PAPD analysis using 2210 bp random primers, the genetical distribution in 107 accession of Brassica rapa from Tibet plateau was found. The results are as follows: (1) Total 236 bands were produced from 107 Tibet oilseed accession of B. rapa germaplasm resource in Tibet, of 210 bands amplified from B. rapa germaplasm resource showed polymorphism, with the ratio 88.98%. The result showed that oilseed accession of B. rapa in Tibet has richer genetic diversity; (2) Dendrogram constructed from DNA RAPDs showed that 107 accessions of B. rapa from Tibet plateau were divided into 11 cluster by calculating genetic distance, the cluster analysis showed that the genetic variation among oilseed accessions of B. rapa was closely related with their eco-geographic distribution; extensive variation existed among the accessions from Tibet Province. Based on the analysis of unique geological history, complex land surface and climatic zones, various soil types, complex growing environments, long agricultural history, different cropping systems, and natural and artificial selection as well as plant geography, plant evolution theory, it concludes that Tibet is one of the oil seed gene centers in the word.