Non-invasive evaluation of the common carotid artery in normal adults using ultrasound radiofrequency data technology.

AIM: To evaluate the changes in CCA-IMT and vascular elasticity in healthy subjects in relation to age using radiofrequency data technology, to produce reference values for potential clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following variables were measured in 160 subjects using radiofrequency data techniques: CCA-IMT, carotid distensibility (CD), local pulse-wave velocity (PWVß), and stiffness (ß). The subjects were divided into four age groups (30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years), with 20 men and 20 women in each group. The above parameters were compared among the different age groups. RESULTS: CCA-IMT increased significantly with age (p<0.05). CD decreased significantly in the 40-49-years compared with the 30-39-years age group (p<0.05). PWVß showed a significant increase in the 30-39-, 40-49-, and 50-59-years age groups (p<0.05). ß increased significantly in the 50-59- compared with the 40-49-years age group (p<0.05). Compared with the 50-59-years age group, CD, PWVß, and ß showed no significant changes in the 60-69-years age group (p>0.05), with mean values of 329.39 ± 102.06 µm, 7.22 ± 1.91 m/s, and 10.04 ± 4.91, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound radiofrequency data technology provides a non-invasive method for quantitatively and accurately assessing increased CCA-IMT and reduced vascular elasticity in healthy subjects in different age groups. The reference values produced in this study will be useful in clinical practice.

Renal haemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis assessed by colour ultrasonography.

Colour Doppler flow imaging was used in this prospective, cross-sectional study to analyse renal haemodynamics in 50 cirrhotic patients and 15 healthy controls. Mean renal arterial resistive index (RI) was higher in cirrhotic patients than in healthy controls. Mean RI was also higher in cirrhotic patients with non-refractory ascites than in those without ascites, suggesting that the degree of renal vasoconstriction varies with the severity of ascites. A gradient of RI values across the main renal artery, interlobar artery and interlobular renal artery was retained in cirrhotic patients even in the decompensatory stage with non-refractory ascites but was not present in the decompensatory stage with refractory ascites. The disappearance of this gradient may be an important prognostic factor in the development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). An inverse correlation between creatinine clearance and interlobular arterial RI was shown for all cirrhotic patients suggesting that even patients with refractory ascites are in a prophase of HRS.

Evaluation of the correlation between colour power Doppler flow imaging and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer.

This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between blood flow, using colour power Doppler flow imaging [CPDI], and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as measured by optical density (OD), in breast tumours. Breast cancer patients were observed pre-operatively using CPDI and VEGF protein levels were quantified by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between the two was studied. The relationship between tumour angiogenesis and axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis was also analysed. Blood-flow grade was higher in the LN(+) group than in the LN(-) group; grade II - III blood flow was 88.9% in the LN(+) group. The VEGF protein levels in the LN(+) group were also higher than in the LN(-) group. A significant positive correlation was observed between blood-flow grade and OD value for VEGF protein. Breast tumour angiogenesis was closely correlated with axillary LN metastasis. Higher blood flow was related to elevated VEGF protein levels and an increased risk of axillary node metastasis. CPDI could, therefore, indirectly demonstrate tumour angiogenesis before surgery, enabling planning of treatment and assessment of the prognosis.

Differential diagnosis of small single solid thyroid nodules using real-time ultrasound elastography.

In this prospective study, the diagnostic value of real-time ultrasound elastography (USE) was evaluated in 51 consecutive patients referred for surgical treatment with single solid thyroid nodules < 10 mm in maximum diameter with an indeterminate result on B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic results were compared with histopathological data. Nineteen follicular adenomas and 32 papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) were observed. A real-time USE score of 4 - 5 diagnosed PTMCs with a sensitivity of 90.63%, a specificity of 89.47% and an accuracy of 90.20%. The positive and negative predictive values were 93.55% and 85.00%, respectively. It is concluded that real-time USE is a promising imaging technique that could assist in the differential diagnosis of single solid thyroid nodules < 10 mm in maximum diameter that give indeterminate results on conventional ultrasound.