Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and the Traditional Brazilian Diet on Sarcopenia in Severe Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional interventions may have positive effects on sarcopenia and body composition. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption and a healthy traditional Brazilian diet (DieTBra) on improving sarcopenia indicators and reducing total body fat in severe obesity. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02463435) conducted with 111 severely obese participants randomized into three treatment groups-(1) EVOO (52 mL/day), (2) DieTBra, (3) DieTBra + EVOO (52 mL/day)-for 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and sarcopenia by walking speed and handgrip strength. RESULTS: Significant reductions in total body fat (p = 0.041) and body weight (p = 0.003) were observed in the DieTBra group. In the DietBra + olive oil group there was also a significant reduction in body weight (0.001) compared to the olive oil-only group. ANCOVA analyses showed reductions in total body fat in the DieTBra (p = 0.016) and DieTBra + olive oil (p = 0.004) groups. Individuals in the DieTBra group had significant improvements in their walking speed (p = 0.042) and handgrip strength (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: DieTBra contributes to improvements in handgrip strength, walking speed, and total body fat in severely obese adults. The major study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02463435).

LIPID PROFILE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE, ATTENDED AT THE FAMILY HEALTH STRATEGY, VIÇOSA/MG.

BACKGROUND: the aging population has been accompanied by epidemiological changes of the Brazilian population, with the highlight being the continued growth of the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases especially cardiovascular or artery-coronary, resulting from changes in the lipid profile of the elderly. OBJECTIVE: this study had the aim to describe the behavioral, anthropometric, lifestyle and body composition factors and their association with changes in the lipid profile of elderly people. METHODOLOGY: the sample included 402 participants attended at the Family Health Strategy, Viçosa (MG), to which a questionnaire with socio-demographic, behavioral and lifestyle information was applied. Blood sample was collected to obtain the lipid fractions, and the weight, height, waist circumference and body fat percentage were measured. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify independently associated factors with changes in each of the selected lipid fractions. RESULTS: the factors independently associated with increased levels of total cholesterol were the presence of sedentary behavior, high body fat percentage, greater waist height and greater waist circumference. The consumption of alcoholic beverages and a higher waist-hip ratio remained independently associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein levels. The increased waist circumference was independently associated with low values of the low-density lipoprotein levels. The value of increased triglyceride was independently associated with higher waist-hip ratio, higher body mass index and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: modifiable risk factors associated with a changed lipid profile should be prioritized among the actions to be considered in structuring health programs for the elderly.

Introducción: el envejecimiento de la población ha ido acompañado de cambios epidemiológicos de la población brasileña, destacando el crecimiento continuo de la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, especialmente cardiovasculares o de la arteria coronaria, como resultado de los cambios en el perfil lipídico de las personas mayores. Objetivo: describir las variables antropométricas, estilo de vida y composición corporal como factores de comportamiento y su asociación con los cambios en el perfil lipídico de las personas de edad avanzada. Metodología: la muestra incluyó a 402 participantes que asistieron a la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, Viçosa (MG), a los que se aplicó un cuestionario con información socio-demográfica, de comportamiento y de estilo de vida. Se recogió una muestra de sangre para obtener las fracciones de lípidos, y se midió el porcentaje de peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura y grasa corporal. La regresión lineal múltiple se realizó para identificar factores independientemente asociados con los cambios en cada una de las fracciones de lípidos seleccionados. Resultado: los factores asociados de forma independiente con un aumento de los niveles de colesterol total fueron la presencia de conducta sedentaria, un porcentaje de grasa corporal alto, mayor altura de la cintura y una mayor circunferencia de la cintura. El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y una proporción cintura-cadera más alta se mantuvo asociado de forma independiente con la disminución de los niveles de lipoproteínas de alta densidad. El aumento de la circunferencia de la cintura se asoció de forma independiente con valores bajos de los niveles de lipoproteínas de baja densidad. El valor del aumento de triglicéridos se asocia de forma independiente con una mayor relación cintura-cadera, un mayor índice de masa corporal y tabaquismo. Conclusión: los factores de riesgo modificables asociados con un perfil lipídico cambiado deben priorizarse entre las acciones a considerar en la estructuración de los programas de salud para los ancianos.

Anthropometric indicators of obesity as predictors of cardiovascular risk in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: Various anthropometric indicators can be used as predictors of cardiovascular risk in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the predictive capacity of anthropometric measurements in identifying cardiovascular risk in elderly patients at the Family Health Strategy of Viçosa-MG. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 349 elderly persons. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the ratio of triglyceride levels with HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) levels. The anthropometric variables measured were waist circumference, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and conicity index. A biochemical assessment of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol was performed. The anthropometric measurements were also related to cardiovascular risk using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: The observed results suggest that all these anthropometric indexes can be used to predict cardiovascular risk in males. However, in females, only BMI showed predictive capacity. The cutoff points identified appeared very close to the cutoffs recommended and recognized in other studies, with the exception of waist circumference measured at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest, which showed a considerable difference. CONCLUSION: All anthropometric indices can be used to predict cardiovascular risk in males and females. Waist circumference at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest was the best anthropometric measure to predict cardiovascular risk in males and smaller waist circumference and waist-height were the best anthropometric measures in females.

Introducción: diversos indicadores antropométricos se pueden utilizar como predictores de riesgo cardiovascular en los ancianos. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad predictiva de las medidas antropométricas en la identificación de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes ancianos en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de Viçosa-MG. Metodología: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal con 349 ancianos. El riesgo cardiovascular se calculó mediante la relación de los niveles de triglicéridos con niveles de HDL-colesterol (TG / HDL-c). Las variables antropométricas medidas fueron: circunferencia de la cintura, índice de masa corporal, relación cintura-altura e índice de conicidad. Se realizó una evaluación bioquímica de triglicéridos y HDL-colesterol. Las mediciones antropométricas también estaban relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular utilizando la característica (ROC) Curvas Receiver Operating. Resultados: los resultados observados indican que todos estos índices antropométricos se pueden usar para predecir el riesgo cardiovascular en los hombres. Sin embargo, en las mujeres, solo el IMC mostró capacidad predictiva. Los puntos de corte identificados aparecieron muy cerca de los puntos de corte recomendados y reconocidos en otros estudios, con la excepción de la circunferencia de la cintura, que se mide en el punto medio entre la última costilla y la cresta ilíaca, que mostró una diferencia considerable. Conclusión: todos los índices antropométricos se pueden usar para predecir el riesgo cardiovascular en hombres y mujeres. La circunferencia de la cintura en el punto medio entre la última costilla y la cresta ilíaca era la mejor medida antropométrica para predecir el riesgo cardiovascular en los varones y la circunferencia de cintura más pequeña y cintura-altura fueron las mejores medidas antropométricas en las mujeres.