[Acquired esotropia at advanced age]. / Erworbenes Innenschielen im Alter.

BACKGROUND: Patients, most of whom are in their 8th decade of life, can suffer from a minimal acquired esotropia. They complain of blurred vision instead of diplopia due to their confusion. This is accompanied with the risk that the investigation covers only monocular disturbances. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 39 such patients, 22 underwent surgery while 10 were fitted with prisms. Another 3 recovered spontaneously and became, therefore, classified as VIth nerve palsies although no limitation of the abduction could be stated. Four patients refused any therapy, and 2 of them recovered in the course of many years. RESULTS: After 2 to 7 years, the individuals corrected with prisms were still compensated while within the operated cohort 3 had a recurrence after years. CONCLUSIONS: In almost all cases the prescription of separate glasses for distance with about 3 Delta base out on either side compensates the deviation for several years. In surgical units one finds a summation of chronically decompensated patients with obvious diplopia who need a bimedial recession. Lateral rectus resections are not appropriate as they lead to actual overabduction and final recurrence as well.

[Orthoptic exercises - a historical survey (author's transl)]. / Orthoptische Ubungsbehandlung des Binokularsehens. Ein geschichtlicher Uberblick.

A survey is presented of orthoptic exercises practiced over the last 120 years. An attempt is made to deduce attitudes to the exercises from contemporary sensory theories. The currently prevalent nihilistic attitude toward orthoptic training is discussed.

[Fusion and aniseikonic problems in unilateral aphakia (author's transl)]. / Fusions- und Aniseikonieprobleme bei einseitiger Aphakie.

In 67 unilateral aphakic patients corrected with three different optic systems (conventional contact lens, spheric overcorrection and intraocular lens) aniseikonia and binocular vision are tested. Conventional contact lens leads to 7% aniseikonia and to fusion in only half of the cases. Patients with the two other systems show less than 3% aniseikonia and fusion in most cases. With each system only 10% of the patients reach normal stereoscopic vision. The poor results in unilateral aphakia corrected by conventional contact lens are pointed out.

[A test-instrument for routine diagnosis in visual schools (author's transl)]. / Untersuchungsgerät zur Routinediagnostik in Sehschulen

A report is given on a test-instrument which enables us to check the following functions: 1. Visual acuity (Line-E-acuity), 2. Binocular vision by Worth-4-dot-test, 3. Optical correction by Red-Green-test. 4. Stereoacuity by Polaroid-test.