Bridging Minds and Machines: The Recent Advances of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Neurological and Neurosurgical Applications.

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), a remarkable technological advancement in neurology and neurosurgery, mark a significant leap since the inception of electroencephalography (EEG) in 1924. These interfaces effectively convert central nervous system signals into commands for external devices, offering revolutionary benefits to patients with severe communication and motor impairments due to a myriad of neurological conditions like stroke, spinal cord injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders. BCIs enable these individuals to communicate and interact with their environment, using their brain signals to operate interfaces for communication and environmental control. This technology is especially crucial for those completely locked in, providing a communication lifeline where other methods fall short. The advantages of BCIs are profound, offering autonomy and an improved quality of life for patients with severe disabilities. They allow for direct interaction with various devices and prostheses, bypassing damaged or non-functional neural pathways. However, challenges persist, including the complexity of accurately interpreting brain signals, the need for individual calibration, and ensuring reliable, long-term use. Additionally, ethical considerations arise regarding autonomy, consent, and the potential for dependence on technology. Despite these challenges, BCIs represent a transformative development in neurotechnology, promising enhanced patient outcomes and a deeper understanding of brain-machine interfaces.

Emanuel Olatunde Alaba Olanrewaju Odeku (1927-1974): First African Neurosurgeon Trained in the United States and Establisher of the National and West African Postgraduate Medical Colleges.

BACKGROUND: In this comprehensive historical account, the authors delve into the remarkable trajectory of Dr. Latunde E. Odeku, a pioneering figure in neurosurgery. METHODS: The inspiration for this project was ignited by the discovery of the original scientific and bibliographic materials of Latunde Odeku, a renowned Nigerian neurosurgeon and the first African neurosurgeon in history. Following a thorough review of the literature and information available on Dr. Odeku, we have compiled a comprehensive and detailed analysis of his life, work, and legacy. RESULTS: This paper begins by introducing his childhood and early education in Nigeria, highlights his journey through medical school and residency in the United States, and follows his career and role in establishing the first neurosurgical unit in West Africa. We celebrate the life and legacy of Latunde Odeku, a trailblazing neurosurgeon whose contribution has inspired generations of medical professionals in Africa and around the world. CONCLUSIONS: This article sheds light on the remarkable life and achievements of Dr. Odeku and his trailblazing work for generations of doctors and researchers.