Corrigendum on: Pediatric COVID-19: Report from Indonesian pediatric society data registry.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716898.].

Preradioactive Iodine Thyroglobulin Levels as Predictors of Metastasis in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the cut-off value of thyroglobulin (Tg) levels as a predictor of metastases in post total thyroidectomy patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials and Methods A retrospective case-control study with an observational diagnostic approach was done. Subjects were 102 DTC patients divided into a case group with metastases and a control group without metastases. Tg and antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA) levels on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-stimulated preradioactive iodine were compared with each other. Diagnosis of metastases was based on postradioactive iodine whole-body scan. The cut-off value for Tg preradioactive iodine and the area under the curve (AUC) were obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curve. Result The characteristics and histopathological type of DTC among these two groups were not significantly different ( p = 0.47). The Tg levels in the case and control groups were 106 (2.2-6,000) ng/mL and 2.7 (0.3-10.10) ng/mL, respectively ( p = 0.0001). TSH level in the case group was 50 (30-107) µIU/mL and in the control was 50 (20-100) µIU/mL ( p = 0.224). ATA levels in the case and control groups were 0-3,000 and 0-629 ng/mL, respectively ( p = 0.01). The AUC was 0.976 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.924 to 0.996 and a standard error of 0.016. The cut-off value of preradioactive iodine Tg was 10.1 ng/mL or higher with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 96.1, 100, 98.0, 100, and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusion Preradioactive iodine Tg level 10.1 ng/mL or higher can be used as a predictor of metastasis in patients with DTC.

Clinical Features of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 in Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: While the number of cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is increasing, reported cases in Asian countries are still low, particularly in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with MIS-C in a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with collected data of patients with MIS-C admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from March 2020 to April 2021. RESULTS: The first case of MIS-C was detected 5 months after the first reported coronavirus disease 2019 case in Indonesia. Thirteen patients out of 158 positive admitted patients for COVID-19 were diagnosed with MIS-C during the study period. Of these 13 patients, 2 patients (15%) had a fatal outcome. Subjects were predominantly male, and the median age was 7.58 years (IQR 12.3) years. Most patients required mechanical ventilation (7 out of 13 patients) and intubation (8 out of 13 patients). Patients who needed intubation usually needed mechanical ventilation. All inflammatory markers, white blood cells, neutrophil counts, and all coagulation factor parameters (except for normal prothrombin time and activated partial prothrombin time) were elevated. The median time to MIS-C diagnosis was 2 days in the survivor group (n = 11) compared to 8.5 days in the non-survivor group (n = 2). Compared to the non-survivor group, those who survived spent more days in the hospital, received vasopressors earlier, and did not require mechanical ventilation as early as the non-survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Our work highlights the differences in MIS-C clinical course, treatment, and clinical outcomes between the two groups.

Effect of tactile-kinesthetic stimulation on growth, neurobehavior and development among preterm neonates.

BACKGROUND: Preterm neonates are at risk of delayed growth and development. Hence, early tactile-kinesthetic stimulation (TKS) is required to improve their growth and development. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of TKS on growth, neurobehavior and development among preterm neonates. METHOD: An interventional study was conducted from August 2015 to July 2017 in the neonatal unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Preterm neonates were recruited via random sampling and divided into two groups (the intervention group and control group). TKS was performed for 15 min, three times a day, for 10 days. The anthropometric measurements, neurobehavior (Dubowitz score) and development (Capute Scale score) of neonates in both groups were assessed. RESULTS: There were 126 preterm neonates (n = 63 in each group). During the 10-day TKS period, the intervention group had a significant increment in weight and length compared to the control group (p < 0.05) at 11-14 days, at term and 3 months. Moreover, increased tone, reflexes, and improvement in behavior based on the Dubowitz score were observed during monitoring. However, the result did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of cognitive and language development in both groups (Developmental Quotient of Clinical Linguistic Adaptive Milestone Scale, Developmental Quotient of Clinical Adaptive Test and Full Scale Developmental Quotient scores, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: TKS was significantly effective in promoting growth, particularly weight and length, among preterm neonates. However, it did not significantly influence neurobehavior and development at 3 months of chronological age.

Pediatric COVID-19: Report From Indonesian Pediatric Society Data Registry.

Background: Indonesia has a high number of COVID-19 cases and mortalities relative to not only among the Asia Pacific region but the world. Children were thought to be less affected by the virus compared to adults. Most of the public data reported combined data between adults and children. The Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) was involved in the COVID-19 response, especially in the area of child health. One of IPS's activities is collecting data registries from each of their chapters to provide a better understanding of COVID-19 in children. Objective: The objective of this study was to share the data of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases in children from IPS's COVID-19 data registry. Method: This is a retrospective study from the IPS's COVID-19 registry data. We collected the data of COVID-19 in children during March to December 2020 from each of the IPS chapters. We analyzed the prevalence, case fatality rate (CFR), age groups, diagnosis, and comorbidities of the children diagnosed with COVID-19. Result: As of December 21, 2020, there were 35,506 suspected cases of children with COVID-19. In total, there were 522 deaths, with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 1.4. There were 37,706 confirmed cases with 175 fatalities (CFR 0.46). The highest mortality in confirmed COVID-19 cases was from children ages 10-18 years (42 out of 159 cases: 26%). The most common comorbidity and diagnosis found were malignancy (17.3%) and respiratory failure (54.5%). Conclusion: The CFR of confirmed COVID-19 cases in children in Indonesia is high and should be a major public concern.

Mortality in children with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test: Lessons learned from a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still increasing rapidly, but little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of fatal cases in children in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of children with COVID-19 with fatal outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data collected from the medical records of patients with COVID-19 admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia from March to October 2020. RESULTS: During the study period, 490 patients were admitted and diagnosed with suspected and probable COVID-19. Of these patients, 50 (10.2%) were confirmed to have COVID-19, and 20 (40%) had a fatal outcome. The fatality rate was higher in patients aged ≥10 years, categorized with severe disease upon admission, PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤300 mmHg and chronic underlying diseases. The most common clinical manifestations were generalized symptoms, while acute respiratory distress syndrome (8/20) and septic shock (7/20) were the two most common causes of death. Increased procalcitonin, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase and presepsin levels were found in all fatal cases. One patient met the criteria of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. CONCLUSION: Our work highlights the high mortality rate in paediatric patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test. These findings might be related to or co-incided with COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in elaborating the mechanisms leading to death in children with comorbidities.

The effect of retinoic acid in the ability of cold solid thyroid nodule to take up radioactive iodine: A preliminary study.

One of the treatment options for benign thyroid nodules is radioactive iodine (RAI). However, this treatment is more effective for hot/warm solid thyroid nodules. Cold thyroid solid nodules are characterized by the lack of iodine uptake compared to normal thyroid tissue. Oral retinoic acid (RA) is a synthetic derivative of Vitamin A. The effect of RA on the uptake of RAI is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RA in the ability of a cold solid thyroid nodule to take up RAI. Individuals with a cold solid thyroid nodule based on ultrasonography and thyroid scintigraphy were included. Participants with liver dysfunction, smokers, and pregnant patients were excluded from the study. Each participant underwent thyroid uptake scintigraphy twice (pre- and post-RA consumption) using 35-37 MBq NaI-131. Participants consumed RA at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) followed with 1.5 mg/kg BW. This study was approved by Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Ethic Committee. A total of 12 cold thyroid solid nodules were evaluated. The mean percentage of the nodule uptake value pre- and post-intervention was 1.11% and 0.62%, respectively (P = 0.004), while normal thyroid tissue uptake values pre- and post-intervention were 27.57% and 13.40%, respectively (P = 0.002). The percentage alteration of nodules and normal thyroid tissue uptake value were 42.4% and 51.5% lower, respectively (P = 0.354). This study showed that RA reduces the ability of cold solid thyroid nodule, as well as normal thyroid tissue, to take up RAI.

Correlation Between Palatal Depth and Duration of Upper Airway Obstruction Since Diagnosis in Children

Abstract Objective: To analyze the correlation between palatal depth and duration of the upper airway obstruction since diagnosis among children with habitual mouth breathing. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using the consecutive sampling method on boys and girls who were habitual mouth breathers and presented with allergic rhinitis, adenoid hypertrophy, obstructive sleep apnea, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyp. Information about the duration of upper airway obstruction was obtained from the medical records of the patients. The patients divided into two groups: those diagnosed with upper airway obstruction for < 4 years, and those diagnosed with upper airway obstruction for > 4 years. Hard palate measurements were obtained from upper arch study models using a caliper with a precision of ± 0,1 mm Results: A strong positive correlation was noted between the duration of the upper airway obstruction since diagnosis and palatal depth in children (r=0.623; p<0.05). Furthermore, the depth of the palates was found to be greater than 40 mm when the duration of upper airway obstruction since diagnosis was more than four years Conclusion: The finding of this study indicates that upper airway obstruction can result in high palates in children with habitual mouth breathing.

Automated Bone Scan Index as Predictors of Survival in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men. Early diagnosis and right management of PCa is critical to reducing deaths; the life expectancy is the main factors to be considered in the management of PCa. Among patients who die from PCa, the incidence of skeletal involvement appears to be >85%. Bone scan (BS) is the most common method for monitoring bone metastases in patients with PCa. The extent of bone metastasis was also associated with patient survival until now there is no clinically useful technique for measuring bone tumors and includes this information in the risk assessment. An alternative approach is to calculate a BS index (BSI) and it has shown clinical significance as a prognostic imaging biomarker. Some computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed to measure BSI and are now available. The aim of this study was to investigate automated BSI (aBSI) measurements as predictors' survival in PCa. Retrospectively cohort studied fifty patients with PCa who had undergone BS between January 2010 and December 2011 at our institution. All data collected was updated up to August 2016. CAD system analyzing BS images to automatically compute BSI measurements. Patients were stratified into three BSI categories BSI value 0, BSI value ≤1 and BSI value >1. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function and the log-rank test were used to indicate a significant difference between groups stratified in accordance with the BSI values. A total of 35 subjects deaths were registered, with a median survival time 36 months after the follow-up BS of 5 years. Subjects with low aBSI value had longer overall survival in comparison with the other subjects (P = 0.004). aBSI measurements were shown to be a strong prognostic survival indicator in PCa; survival is poor in high-BSI value.

Metabolic Activity Value in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex Using F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Brain to Predict the Severity of Alzheimer's.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia which is known as one of a major problem in elderly. Clinicians commonly use mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score to determine the severity of cognitive decline, but MMSE has some limitations such as more subjective, influenced by age, educational degree, and local culture. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) can be used to assess the process of glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) area which endures a central role in supporting cognitive function directly. The purpose of this study is to observe a correlation between metabolic activity value of PCC and MMSE score in predicting the severity of AD. A cross-sectional study was done to 30 subjects suspect AD disease with aged 60 years and older. Characteristic data including gender, age, and education, MMSE scoring by psychiatrist, and imaging of F-18 FDG PET were established. The results of correlation test between the value of FDG metabolic activity and MMSE score shows that the value of metabolic activity in the PCC area tends to increase along with the increase of MMSE score (rs = 0.411, P = 0.024). While from the results of multiple regression test with predictor variable consisting of F-18 FDG metabolic activity in the PCC, gender, age, education level, and the interaction between the metabolic activity of F-18 FDG at PCC and gender, a regression model was obtained. There is a significant correlation observed between the captured of F-18 FDG radioactivity with MMSE score in PCC area which can be used as a tool to predict the severity of AD.

Antithyroglobulin Antibody as a Marker of Successful Ablation Therapy in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA) serum as a marker of successful I-131 ablation therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with low serum thyroglobulin (Tg). A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients (10 males and 50 females). All patients underwent posttotal thyroidectomy and received 2.96 to 3 GBq I-131 ablation. Subjects were divided into two groups with succesful and unsuccessful I-131 ablation therapies. The data of age, gender, histopathologic type, tumor size, and metastasis were collected. Preablation serum Tg and ATA level (Tg1 and ATA1) 6-12 months after ablation (Tg2 and ATA2) were measured. The success of ablation therapy was evaluated by diagnostic whole body scan (DxWBS) 6-12 months after ablation. There were no significant differences in age, gender, type of histopathology, tumor size, and nodal metastasis between the two groups. ATA2 ≤30 kIU/L were found in 23 (62.2%) subjects with successful ablation therapy, and ATA2 >30 kIU/L in 16 (69.6%) subjects belonged to the unsuccessful group (P = 0.017). Changes between ATA1 and ATA2 levels did not differ significantly in both the groups (P = 0.062). Tg1 <10 mg/L was found in 26 (57.8%) subjects with successful therapy (P = 0.037). Multivariate analysis showed ATA2 and Tg1 as the independent factors for the success of ablation therapy (P = 0.007 and 0.015). Adjusted odds ratio of postablation ATA was 5.379 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.590 to 18.203] and preablation Tg was 5.822 (95% CI 1.418 to 23.902). ATA levels at 6-12 months after ablation, by considering the preablation Tg levels, is a useful marker to determine successful ablation therapy in WDTC patients with low serum Tg. Changes in serum ATA levels, although not statistically significant, can provide additional information about the course of the disease.