RESUMO
The use of plant extracts represents a promising approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study reports the low-cost, green synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of clove and black seeds. The biosynthesized AgNPs were confirmed and characterized by analysis of the spectroscopy profile of the UV-visible spectrophotometer. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the inhibitory effect concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, clove, and black cumin seed extracts on the growth and swarming of P. mirabilis. Clinical isolates of P. mirabilis were isolated from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. Thirteen types of antibiotics were used in the present study to detect their ability to inhibit P. mirabilis's resistance. Immunological findings included the determination of serum levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and complement protein C3 and C4. Results showed that IgG and IgA concentrations significantly increased (1311.13 ± 72.54 and 279 ± 21.31) respectively in UTI patients in comparison to the healthy control group which was 1089.88 ± 37.33 and 117.611 ± 4.19 respectively, While IgM concentrations were increased non significantly in UTI patients (153.331 ± 6.45) in comparison to healthy control (145.2 ± 13.49). Complement components C3 showed a significant increase in UTI patients with mean values of 125.95 ± 6.22 compared to the control group with mean values of 55.191 ± 9.64, while C4 showed statically non-significant among UTI patients in comparison with the control group (35.195 ± 2.34 and 34.371 ± 1.22) respectively.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , Imunoglobulinas/sangue , Nanopartículas Metálicas/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteus mirabilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prata/administração & dosagem , Infecções Urinárias/sangue , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nigella sativa/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Proteus mirabilis/genética , Proteus mirabilis/fisiologia , Prata/química , Espectrofotometria/métodos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Syzygium/química , Infecções Urinárias/metabolismo , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologiaRESUMO
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease and cytokines show a vital role in the T2DM progress. The goal of this research was to assess serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) and interferon-gamma (IFN-?) gene polymorphism in T2DM in Kurdish patients. Levels of serum IFN-? and TNF-? were assessed through enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay in individuals with T2DM and the control group. DNA was extracted and the amplification refractory mutational system method was utilized for genotyping the IFN-? (+874) A/T and TNF-? (-308) G/A. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated with the ?2-test. The IFN- ? serum levels were significantly different between patients with T2DM and control individuals (P<0.05). But the C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-? serum levels were not significantly different between them (P>0.05). The serum level of IFN- ? (+874) AT genotype and TNF-? (- 308) GG genotypes were significantly higher in the T2DM group comparing with healthy people (P<0.05). A significant relation between T2DM and IFN-? (+874) gene polymorphism's TT and AT genotypes was observed. Also, it was not a significant relation between TNF-? (?308) gene polymorphism's GG and GA genotypes and T2DM. But the statistically significant difference was found in the genotype AA frequency. Genetic polymorphisms of IFN-? (+874) and TNF-? (?308) are contributed to the genetic susceptibility for T2DM development in the Kurdish population. Early screening of these two genetic polymorphisms may assist in the early control and management of T2DM.
