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Background Tobacco use remains a significant global public health concern, causing millions of preventable and premature deaths annually and imposing substantial economic burdens. India, the second-largest producer and consumer of tobacco products worldwide, bears a significant burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Medical and dental students represent the future healthcare workforce and role models; hence, their tobacco consumption and attitude would play a vital role in tobacco control. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding tobacco use among medical and dental students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Global Health Professional Students Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire. The study included third-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students from two private medical and two dental colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected from February to April 2019 through anonymous self-administered questionnaires, and descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 400 students were surveyed, with 16% reporting being current smokers (24.3% males, 8.7% females). Furthermore, 36.8% had tried cigarettes and other tobacco products. Nonsmokers demonstrated stronger support for comprehensive tobacco control policies, such as banning advertising and smoking in public places, compared to current smokers. Most students acknowledged the importance of recording tobacco use history and providing educational materials; however, only around 40% had received formal training on smoking cessation. Conclusion The findings highlight the need for targeted intervention among medical and dental students for tobacco cessation. It is vital to foster a positive attitude toward tobacco control among future healthcare professionals. Health professional institutions should take proactive steps to prevent tobacco use among students and develop initiatives to motivate successful cessation training. Investing in tobacco control education for healthcare professionals is crucial to empower them in tobacco cessation efforts and promote healthier societies.
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Background Graphic health warning labels (HWLs) on tobacco product packaging have been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a cost-effective policy intervention to warn consumers about the health risks of tobacco. Compliance with HWLs shields young individuals from tobacco marketing influences and exposes users to health warnings. Assessing compliance with health warning labels would provide insights into the state of law implementation. The study assessed health warning labels on tobacco packages as per the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (COTPA) (Packaging and Labelling) Amendment Rules of 2020, specifically assessing their availability around educational institutions in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Materials and methods From August 2022 to January 2023, a protocol was employed to collect information on the sale of tobacco products around educational institutions including packages of cigarettes, beedis, and smokeless tobacco (SLT) from Bhubaneswar City. Using multistage random sampling 18 schools were selected in Bhubaneswar City. Areas within 100 yards (91.44 meters) of each school were mapped using a map tool. All prospective tobacco vendors within 100 yards of each school were included in the study. The data on compliance with HWLs were summarized using descriptive statistics. The health warnings compliance assessment of the tobacco products available with the vendors was conducted using three major indicators, including analysis of the font content, size and element of the graphics, and textual health warnings. In addition, the surface area occupied by these warnings was measured using a calibrated ruler. Results Within 100 yards of 18 schools in Bhubaneswar city, 57 vendors were found selling tobacco. About 48 distinct brands and 791 unbranded tobacco products were identified from 2135 packets collected from 57 vendors. Out of the 48 branded product packets examined, 25 brands were for smoking (cigarettes, bidis), while 23 were for SLT products such as khaini, gutkha, and pan masala containing tobacco. Only six brands out of 17 cigarette packs complied with HWL provisions. None of the eight unique bidi packs and 302 unbranded bidi packs were compliant with any HWL compliance indicators. Other compliance-related issues included incomplete health warning labels, out-of-rotation pictorial health warnings, distorted printing (blurry, heavy tint, and faded), and split warnings. Conclusion Tobacco products were sold within 100 yards of educational institutions in clear violation of the COTPA Section 6 provisions. Furthermore, the tobacco products sold were also not in compliance with the health warning label laws under section 7 of COTPA. There is an urgent need for strict enforcement of the provisions relating to the ban on sale within 100 yards of educational institutions and health warning label rules in Bhubaneshwar.
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Aim: To evaluate cephalometric parameters of orthodontic population in an urban setup in Odisha using Steiner's, Tweed's and Rakosi's analysis and compare it with the established Caucasian norms. Methodology: Pre-treatment patient records from a dental hospital were collected. Lateral cephalograms of the normal and supernormal sample were traced. Cephalometric features relating to various facial hard tissue that determine balance and harmony were measured using Steiner's, Tweed's and Rakosi's analysis. The values obtained were compared with the established Caucasian norms. Comparison of mean values were done via independent sample t test and ANOVA. Subsequently post hoc Tukey's was used to establish the significance of the mean difference of all the variables used. Results: Significant differences were obtained for lower incisor to NB, mandibular plane angle, FMA, FMIA, articular angle, basal plane angle, inclination angle, Rakosi Jarabak ratio and interincisal angle. Conclusion: Fundamental variations were seen in various parameters. Perception of lay persons can be of aid to the clinician in assembling commendations for alternative treatment plans.
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Swarm-based optimization algorithms have been popularly used these days for optimization of various real world problems but sometimes it becomes hard to estimate the associated characteristics due to their stochastic nature. To ensure a steady performance of these techniques, it is essential to have knowledge about the range of variables, in which a particular algorithm always provides stable performance and performing stability analysis of an algorithm can help in providing some knowledge regarding the same. Many researchers have performed the stability analysis of several optimization algorithms and analyzed their behavior. Social Group Optimization (SGO) is a newly developed algorithm which has been proven to yield promising results when applied to many real world problems but in literature no work can be found on stability analysis of SGO. In this paper, Von Neumann stability analysis approach has been used for performing stability analysis of Social Group Optimization (SGO) to analyze the behavior of its algorithmic parameters and estimate the range in which they always give stable convergence. The results obtained have been supported by sufficient experimental analysis and simulated using eight benchmark function suite along with their shifted and rotated variations which prove that the algorithm performs better within the stable range and hence convergence is ensured.
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) obtained image over plaster model for the assessment of mixed dentition analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty CBCT-derived images and thirty plaster models were derived from the dental archives, and Moyer's and Tanaka-Johnston analyses were performed. The data obtained were interpreted and analyzed statistically using SPSS 10.0/PC (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive and analytical analysis along with Student's t-test was performed to qualitatively evaluate the data and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Statistically, significant results were obtained on data comparison between CBCT-derived images and plaster model; the mean for Moyer's analysis in the left and right lower arch for CBCT and plaster model was 21.2 mm, 21.1 mm and 22.5 mm, 22.5 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: CBCT-derived images were less reliable as compared to data obtained directly from plaster model for mixed dentition analysis.
