[Course and prognosis of internal hydrocephalus in children]. / Zu Verlauf und Prognose des Hydrocephalus internus bei Kindern.

Sixty-two patients with infantile hydrocephalus were reexamined at ages ranging from 2-19 years. Operations had been performed in 46 children. The long-term intellectual prognosis of hydrocephalus is described. Sex, age and frequency of shunt complications are not related to intelligence level. In general, hydrocephalus due to spina bifida and aquaeduct stenosis results in a better intelligence level than hydrocephalus to other reasons.

[Long-range intelligence development of children with congenital hypothyroidism]. / Intelligenzentwicklung von Kindern mit angeborener Hypothyreose im Langzeitverlauf.

The intellectual development of 105 children with congenital hypothyroidism was assessed. In 70 children the assessment was repeated in several times. Correlations between development of intelligence and influence of biological and/or psychosocial risks were verified.

[Neuropsychologically oriented examination of preschool children. Practical consequences]. / Neuropsychologisch orientierte Untersuchungen an Vorschulkindern. Praktische Konsequenzen.

A random sample of the neuropediatric patients in our department, i.e. pre-school children of normal intelligence with brain injuries or suspected brain injuries, was investigated using a neuropsychological test system and compared with an age-standardized population of uninjured children. The results clearly indicate that is possible to register partial disorders of performance achievement already at the pre-school age. These disorders have special relevance for success at school, particularly in the initial stages. Practicable psychological-diagnostic possibilities and consequences for the care of such children have been derived from this study.

[Hermann Emminghaus--100 years of the psychopathology of childhood and adolescence]. / Hermann Emminghaus--100 Jahre Psychopathologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters.

The centenary of Hermann Emminghaus's monograph "Die psychischen Störungen des Kindesalters" ("The Psychic Disorders of Childhood") gives occasion to appreciate the life and work of the founder of modern children and youth psychiatry. Children and youth psychiatry, in the G.D.R., operates on the principle of sub-specialization out of its parent subjects. In this, Hermann Emminghaus's basic views, as expressed in his monograph of 1887, are confirmed.

[Subjective factor in EEG evaluation exemplified by the nonspecific hyperventilation effect]. / Zum subjektiven Faktor in der EEG-Beurteilung am Beispiel des unspezifischen Hyperventilationseffektes.

Subjective differences in EEG evaluation are demonstrated by means of a seven step scale for grading the unspecific hyperventilation effect in 3263 EEG of children. Intermediate steps of this scale allow to minimize such unavoidable differences.

[Morbidity of term and low-birth weight infants born in breech presentation by vaginal or abdominal delivery]. / Morbiditätsuntersuchungen bei Beckenendlagenkindern nach vaginaler und abdominaler Geburt, bezogen auf reife und untergewichtige Kinder.

182 children born in breech presentation were investigated at the age of 5 to 6 years with regard to late morbidity after vaginal delivery and caesarean section. From case historical data, development in early childhood was assessed comparing the criteria of walking, speaking and "dryness". An attempt was made to find a relation between neonatal data and late morbidity. 156 children (85,7%) had a birthweight of not less than 2 500 g. 26 children (14,3%) were preterm and/or small for date. 80 term babies and 8 preterm and/or small for date babies were delivered by caesarean section. The birth weight of the preterm and/or small for date babies was 2 212,5 +/- 286,5 g for those delivered by caesarean section and 2 070,5 +/- 312,0 g for those delivered vaginally. The investigation program consisted of the following items: A. Assessment of intellectual development by means of the Raven-test, B. Examination of total and minute motor activity by means of the Rostock- Oseretzky -scale, C. Assessment of concentration abilities according to Koch- Pleissner . Statistically significant advantages in all items investigated were found in the group of term as well as preterm and/or small for date babies delivered by caesarean section. Except for intellectual development, analogous results were found for term delivered babies. Concerning development in early childhood, as reflected in walking, speaking and "dryness", there were no statistically significant differences between children delivered vaginally and those delivered by caesarean section. No relation could be found between neonatal data (Apgar-score, pH-value in the umbilical artery) and late morbidity. Problems of birth management are discussed.