Modulatory effect of dietary copper nanoparticles and vitamin C supplementations on growth performance, hematological and immune parameters, oxidative status, histology, and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Copper and vitamin C are micronutrients needed for the living organism's functions. Vitamin C has a great effect on the immune system of fish. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and vitamin C (VC) supplementations on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. So, 216 rainbow trout juveniles were randomly assigned to six groups with trial diets supplemented with Cu-NPs and VC including 0/0 (T1, control diet), 0/250 (T2), 0/500 (T3), 2/250 (T4), 2/500 (T5), and 2/0 (T6) mg Cu-NPs/VC per kg diet. After the feeding trial for 60 days, the fish were challenged with Yersinia ruckeri, and the survival rate was calculated for 15 days. Based on the data analysis, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the fish fed on T4 and T5 diets compared with the control group. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the fish fed with diets contain Cu-NPs and VC (T4 and T5). The expressions of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-10, SOD, CAT, and GPX genes were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the fish fed on T3, T4, and T5 diets versus the control. In addition, the dietary Cu-NPs and VC supplementations significantly enhanced resistance against pathogens and led to the control of infection in rainbow trout. In conclusion, Cu-NPs and VC administered as feed additives at 2/250-500 mg/kg elevated the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and health of rainbow trout.

Histopathological Survey on Sarcocystis Species Infection in Slaughtered Cattle of Zabol-Iran

Objective: Sarcocystosis is an important zoonotic protozoal disease with worldwide distribution and wide range of hosts. The aim of the present study was to determine the intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection and to show histopathological features of their cystic lesions in slaughtered cattle of Zabol- Iran. Methods: From April to September 2018, 500 tissue samples from esophagus, heart, diaphragm, tongue and masticatory muscles were prepared from 100 slaughtered cattle. All samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and routine tissue processing protocol was performed. Results: The microscopic results showed that 92.2% of specimens had thin-walled cysts of S. cruzi and 14% had thick-walled Sarcocystis (S. hirsuta and S. hominis) but macrocyst was only observed in one cattle. The positivity rate of thin walled cysts was 58.8% for heart, 13.9% for masticatory muscles, 10.2% for tongue, 9.3% for esophagus and 7.8% for diaphragm. The positivity rate of thick walled cysts was 32.8% for esophagus, 28.6% for tongue, 22.9% for heart, 15.7% for masticatory muscles and 0% for diaphragm, which could represent either S. hominis or S. hirsuta. The most infected tissue was heart and the least infected tissue was diaphragm. Thin walled cysts (S. cruzi) were mostly found in heart and were less found in diaphragm. However, thick-walled cysts (S. hirsuta and S. hominis) were mostly detected in esophagus. No thick-walled cysts were found in diaphragm muscle. Conclusion: A high positivity rate of sarcocystosis in slaughtered cattle in Zabol abattoir revealed heavily environmental contamination of Sistan region by this important parasitic disease.

Spontaneous splenic rupture in melanoma.

Spontaneous rupture of spleen due to malignant melanoma is a rare situation, with only a few case reports in the literature. This study reports a previously healthy, 30-year-old man who came with chief complaint of acute abdominal pain to emergency room. On physical examination, abdominal tenderness and guarding were detected to be coincident with hypotension. Ultrasonography revealed mild splenomegaly with moderate free fluid in abdominopelvic cavity. Considering acute abdominal pain and hemodynamic instability, he underwent splenectomy with splenic rupture as the source of bleeding. Histologic examination showed diffuse infiltration by tumor. Immunohistochemical study (positive for S100, HMB45, and vimentin and negative for CK, CD10, CK20, CK7, CD30, LCA, EMA, and chromogranin) confirmed metastatic malignant melanoma. On further questioning, there was a past history of a nasal dark skin lesion which was removed two years ago with no pathologic examination. Spontaneous (nontraumatic) rupture of spleen is an uncommon situation and it happens very rarely due to neoplastic metastasis. Metastasis of malignant melanoma is one of the rare causes of the spontaneous rupture of spleen.