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1.
Cell Rep ; : 114357, 2024 Jun 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38955182

RESUMO

Cell functions rely on intracellular transport systems distributing bioactive molecules with high spatiotemporal accuracy. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network constitutes a system for delivering luminal solutes, including Ca2+, across the cell periphery. How the ER structure enables this nanofluidic transport system is unclear. Here, we show that ER membrane-localized reticulon 4 (RTN4/Nogo) is sufficient to impose neurite outgrowth inhibition in human cortical neurons while acting as an ER morphoregulator. Improving ER transport visualization methodologies combined with optogenetic Ca2+ dynamics imaging and in silico modeling, we observed that ER luminal transport is modulated by ER tubule narrowing and dilation, proportional to the amount of RTN4. Excess RTN4 limited ER luminal transport and Ca2+ release, while RTN4 elimination reversed the effects. The described morphoregulatory effect of RTN4 defines the capacity of the ER for peripheral Ca2+ delivery for physiological releases and thus may constitute a mechanism for controlling the (re)generation of neurites.

2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(13): e2312172121, 2024 Mar 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38502705

RESUMO

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms an interconnected network of tubules stretching throughout the cell. Understanding how ER functionality relies on its structural organization is crucial for elucidating cellular vulnerability to ER perturbations, which have been implicated in several neuronal pathologies. One of the key functions of the ER is enabling Ca[Formula: see text] signaling by storing large quantities of this ion and releasing it into the cytoplasm in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Through a combination of physical modeling and live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that alterations in ER shape significantly impact its ability to support efficient local Ca[Formula: see text] releases, due to hindered transport of luminal content within the ER. Our model reveals that rapid Ca[Formula: see text] release necessitates mobile luminal buffer proteins with moderate binding strength, moving through a well-connected network of ER tubules. These findings provide insight into the functional advantages of normal ER architecture, emphasizing its importance as a kinetically efficient intracellular Ca[Formula: see text] delivery system.


Assuntos
Retículo Endoplasmático , Transdução de Sinais , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Sinalização do Cálcio
3.
Helicobacter ; 28(4): e12997, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37314018

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection remains a major public health threat leading to gastrointestinal illness and increased risk of gastric cancer. Mostly affecting populations in developing countries no vaccines are yet available and the disease is controlled by antimicrobials which, in turn, are driving the emergence of AMR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have engineered spores of Bacillus subtilis to display putative H. pylori protective antigens, urease subunit A (UreA) and subunit B (UreB) on the spore surface. Following oral dosing of mice with these spores, we evaluated immunity and colonization in animals challenged with H. pylori. RESULTS: Oral immunization with spores expressing either UreA or UreB showed antigen-specific mucosal responses (fecal sIgA) including seroconversion and hyperimmunity. Following challenge, colonization by H. pylori was significantly reduced by up to 1-log. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the utility of bacterial spores for mucosal vaccination to H. pylori infection. The heat stability and robustness of Bacillus spores coupled with their existing use as probiotics make them an attractive solution for either protection against H. pylori infection or potentially for therapy and control of active infection.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Animais , Camundongos , Infecções por Helicobacter/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Bacterianas , Urease/genética , Imunização , Vacinação , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Esporos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Anticorpos Antibacterianos
4.
J Card Surg ; 37(12): 4285-4292, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36259749

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is one of the most common open-heart surgical procedures. The durability of the tissue valve in the aortic position is crucial in AVR and transcatheter AVR. We reviewed structural valve deterioration using echocardiographic follow-up in three types of surgical aortic tissue valves. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted where hemodynamic deterioration was evaluated and compared using transthoracic echocardiography, including pressure gradients and effective orifice area. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to summarize the time to failure. RESULTS: The study included 133 Trifecta, 156 Epic, and 321 Magna Ease valves. Seventy-six percent (1941/2551) of patients had to be excluded due to insufficient echo data. Through univariate analysis, 34% (216/610) of valves met deterioration criteria after 24 months. Unadjusted survival curves showed a significant difference between valves (p ≤ .001), with a longer mean time to deterioration for the Magna Ease versus Trifecta and Epic of 68.9 versus 50.1 and 38.2 months, respectively. A Cox proportional hazard analysis found worse hazard ratios of 1.69 (p ≤ .04) and 2.4 (p ≤ .01) for Trifecta versus Magna and Epic versus Trifecta, respectively. CONCLUSION: All three valve types demonstrated structural valve deterioration on echocardiographic follow-up with significant differences in rate. The Magna Ease appeared to have the highest durability, and the Epic the lowest. Further investigation is warranted to confirm the results in a larger multicenter study.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Bioprótese , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Hemodinâmica , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto
5.
Front Cell Neurosci ; 16: 1106593, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36713781

RESUMO

Neurons respond to changes in the levels of activity they experience in a variety of ways, including structural changes at pre- and postsynaptic terminals. An essential plasticity signal required for such activity-regulated structural adjustments are reactive oxygen species (ROS). To identify sources of activity-regulated ROS required for structural plasticity in vivo we used the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction as a highly tractable experimental model system. For adjustments of presynaptic motor terminals, we found a requirement for both NADPH oxidases, Nox and dual oxidase (Duox), that are encoded in the Drosophila genome. This contrasts with the postsynaptic dendrites from which Nox is excluded. NADPH oxidases generate ROS to the extracellular space. Here, we show that two aquaporins, Bib and Drip, are necessary ROS conduits in the presynaptic motoneuron for activity regulated, NADPH oxidase dependent changes in presynaptic motoneuron terminal growth. Our data further suggest that different aspects of neuronal activity-regulated structural changes might be regulated by different ROS sources: changes in bouton number require both NADPH oxidases, while activity-regulated changes in the number of active zones might be modulated by other sources of ROS. Overall, our results show NADPH oxidases as important enzymes for mediating activity-regulated plasticity adjustments in neurons.

6.
Front Cell Neurosci ; 15: 641802, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34290589

RESUMO

Neurons utilize plasticity of dendritic arbors as part of a larger suite of adaptive plasticity mechanisms. This explicitly manifests with motoneurons in the Drosophila embryo and larva, where dendritic arbors are exclusively postsynaptic and are used as homeostatic devices, compensating for changes in synaptic input through adapting their growth and connectivity. We recently identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) as novel plasticity signals instrumental in this form of dendritic adjustment. ROS correlate with levels of neuronal activity and negatively regulate dendritic arbor size. Here, we investigated NADPH oxidases as potential sources of such activity-regulated ROS and implicate Dual Oxidase (but not Nox), which generates hydrogen peroxide extracellularly. We further show that the aquaporins Bib and Drip, but not Prip, are required for activity-regulated ROS-mediated adjustments of dendritic arbor size in motoneurons. These results suggest a model whereby neuronal activity leads to activation of the NADPH oxidase Dual Oxidase, which generates hydrogen peroxide at the extracellular face; aquaporins might then act as conduits that are necessary for these extracellular ROS to be channeled back into the cell where they negatively regulate dendritic arbor size.

7.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 24(2): 192-198, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28652112

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk factors for development of late-onset invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) after kidney transplantation (KT). METHODS: We performed a multinational case-control study that retrospectively recruited 112 KT recipients diagnosed with IPA between 2000 and 2013. Controls were matched (1:1 ratio) by centre and date of transplantation. Immunosuppression-related events (IREs) included the occurrence of non-ventilator-associated pneumonia, tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus disease, and/or de novo malignancy. RESULTS: We identified 61 cases of late (>180 days after transplantation) IPA from 24 participating centres (accounting for 54.5% (61/112) of all cases included in the overall study). Most diagnoses (54.1% (33/61)) were established within the first 36 post-transplant months, although five cases occurred more than 10 years after transplantation. Overall mortality among cases was 47.5% (29/61). Compared with controls, cases were significantly older (p 0.010) and more likely to have pre-transplant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p 0.001) and a diagnosis of bloodstream infection (p 0.016) and IRE (p <0.001) within the 6 months prior to the onset of late IPA. After multivariate adjustment, previous occurrence of IRE (OR 19.26; 95% CI 2.07-179.46; p 0.009) was identified as an independent risk factor for late IPA. CONCLUSION: More than half of IPA cases after KT occur beyond the sixth month, with some of them presenting very late. Late IPA entails a poor prognosis. We identified some risk factors that could help the clinician to delimit the subgroup of KT recipients at the highest risk for late IPA.


Assuntos
Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/etiologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 18(5): 805-808, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27500398

RESUMO

Toxoplasmosis may be transferred by organ transplantation. The most common clinical presentation is with multisystem disease, although isolated ocular toxoplasmosis has been described. Many centers have suggested that universal use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis obviates the need for specific Toxoplasma testing. We report a case of donor-acquired ocular toxoplasmosis after liver transplantation despite co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. The diagnosis was confirmed by Toxoplasma polymerase chain reaction assay in conjunction with seroconversion. The fact that the infection was donor acquired was confirmed by serological mismatch and the absence of sporozoite-specific antigen antibody in the recipient.


Assuntos
Aloenxertos/parasitologia , Antibioticoprofilaxia/efeitos adversos , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Coriorretinite/diagnóstico , Falência Hepática Aguda/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose Ocular/diagnóstico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Coriorretinite/sangue , Coriorretinite/tratamento farmacológico , Coriorretinite/parasitologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Soroconversão , Testes Sorológicos , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Ocular/sangue , Toxoplasmose Ocular/tratamento farmacológico , Toxoplasmose Ocular/parasitologia , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/administração & dosagem
9.
Lancet Glob Health ; 4(10): e726-35, 2016 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27569362

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Incomplete immunisation coverage causes preventable illness and death in both developing and developed countries. Identification of factors that might modulate coverage could inform effective immunisation programmes and policies. We constructed a performance indicator that could quantitatively approximate measures of the susceptibility of immunisation programmes to coverage losses, with an aim to identify correlations between trends in vaccine coverage and socioeconomic factors. METHODS: We undertook a data-driven time-series analysis to examine trends in coverage of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccination across 190 countries over the past 30 years. We grouped countries into six world regions according to WHO classifications. We used Gaussian process regression to forecast future coverage rates and provide a vaccine performance index: a summary measure of the strength of immunisation coverage in a country. FINDINGS: Overall vaccine coverage increased in all six world regions between 1980 and 2010, with variation in volatility and trends. Our vaccine performance index identified that 53 countries had more than a 50% chance of missing the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) target of 90% worldwide coverage with three doses of DTP (DTP3) by 2015. These countries were mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, but Austria and Ukraine also featured. Factors associated with DTP3 immunisation coverage varied by world region: personal income (Spearman's ρ=0·66, p=0·0011) and government health spending (0·66, p<0·0001) were informative of immunisation coverage in the Eastern Mediterranean between 1980 and 2010, whereas primary school completion was informative of coverage in Africa (0·56, p<0·0001) over the same period. The proportion of births attended by skilled health staff correlated significantly with immunisation coverage across many world regions. INTERPRETATION: Our vaccine performance index highlighted countries at risk of failing to achieve the GVAP target of 90% coverage by 2015, and could aid policy makers' assessments of the strength and resilience of immunisation programmes. Weakening correlations with socioeconomic factors show a need to tackle vaccine confidence, whereas strengthening correlations point to clear factors to address. FUNDING: UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.


Assuntos
Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Saúde Global , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Programas de Imunização , Vacinação/tendências , África , Ásia , Escolaridade , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Financiamento Governamental , Humanos , Imunização/tendências , Renda , Lactente , Masculino , Oriente Médio , Tocologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos
10.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 362(24): fnv210, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26511952

RESUMO

Germination of Bacillus spores is triggered by the interaction of germinant molecules with specialized receptor proteins localized to the spore inner membrane. Germinant receptors (GRs) are comprised typically of three interacting protein subunits, each of which is essential for receptor function. At least some GRs appear to have a fourth component, referred to as a D-subunit protein. A number of D-subunit proteins were shown previously to be capable of modulating the activity of associated GRs. Here, we investigate the topology and structure-function relationships of the Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 GerUD protein, which is associated with the GerU GR. The presented data demonstrate that GerUD can be subjected to relatively extensive structural modifications while retaining function. Indeed, the presence of either of the two transmembrane spanning domains is sufficient to modulate an efficient GerU-mediated germinative response. The precise function of D-subunit proteins has yet to be established, although they may act as molecular chaperones within the spore inner-membrane environment.


Assuntos
Bacillus megaterium/química , Bacillus megaterium/fisiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/fisiologia , Bacillus megaterium/genética , Bacillus megaterium/ultraestrutura , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Mutação , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Subunidades Proteicas/genética , Esporos Bacterianos/química , Esporos Bacterianos/genética , Esporos Bacterianos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esporos Bacterianos/fisiologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
11.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 17(6): 897-903, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26433132

RESUMO

Eumycetoma is an unusual infection in immunocompromised patients outside the tropics, caused by a variety of fungal pathogens. We describe the case of a 51-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with a large pseudotumoral foot lesion necessitating complete surgical excision of the lesion. Cultures and molecular diagnosis confirmed Phaeoacremonium fuscum. This is the first case, to our knowledge, of fungating mycetoma caused by this fungal species in a solid organ transplant recipient.


Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Pé/microbiologia , Doenças do Pé/patologia , Doenças do Pé/cirurgia , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micetoma/patologia , Micetoma/cirurgia
12.
PLoS Curr ; 72015 Feb 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25789200

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Public confidence in vaccination is vital to the success of immunisation programmes worldwide. Understanding the dynamics of vaccine confidence is therefore of great importance for global public health. Few published studies permit global comparisons of vaccination sentiments and behaviours against a common metric. This article presents the findings of a multi-country survey of confidence in vaccines and immunisation programmes in Georgia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom (UK) - these being the first results of a larger project to map vaccine confidence globally. METHODS: Data were collected from a sample of the general population and from those with children under 5 years old against a core set of confidence questions. All surveys were conducted in the relevant local-language in Georgia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the UK. We examine confidence in immunisation programmes as compared to confidence in other government health services, the relationships between confidence in the system and levels of vaccine hesitancy, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, ultimate vaccination decisions, and their variation based on country contexts and demographic factors. RESULTS: The numbers of respondents by country were: Georgia (n=1000); India (n=1259); Pakistan (n=2609); UK (n=2055); Nigerian households (n=12554); and Nigerian health providers (n=1272). The UK respondents with children under five years of age were more likely to hesitate to vaccinate, compared to other countries. Confidence in immunisation programmes was more closely associated with confidence in the broader health system in the UK (Spearman's ρ=0.5990), compared to Nigeria (ρ=0.5477), Pakistan (ρ=0.4491), and India (ρ=0.4240), all of which ranked confidence in immunisation programmes higher than confidence in the broader health system. Georgia had the highest rate of vaccine refusals (6 %) among those who reported initial hesitation. In all other countries surveyed most respondents who reported hesitating to vaccinate went on to receive the vaccine except in Kano state, Nigeria, where the percentage of those who ultimately refused vaccination after initially hesitating was as high as 76%) Reported reasons for hesitancy in all countries were classified under the domains of "confidence," "convenience," or "complacency," and confidence issues were found to be the primary driver of hesitancy in all countries surveyed.

13.
Vaccine ; 32(19): 2150-9, 2014 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24598724

RESUMO

Vaccine "hesitancy" is an emerging term in the literature and discourse on vaccine decision-making and determinants of vaccine acceptance. It recognizes a continuum between the domains of vaccine acceptance and vaccine refusal and de-polarizes previous characterization of individuals and groups as either anti-vaccine or pro-vaccine. The primary aims of this systematic review are to: 1) identify research on vaccine hesitancy; 2) identify determinants of vaccine hesitancy in different settings including its context-specific causes, its expression and its impact; and 3) inform the development of a model for assessing determinants of vaccine hesitancy in different settings as proposed by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts Working Group (SAGE WG) for dealing with vaccine hesitancy. A broad search strategy, built to capture multiple dimensions of public trust, confidence and hesitancy around vaccines, was applied across multiple databases. Peer-reviewed studies were selected for inclusion if they focused on childhood vaccines [≤ 7 years of age], used multivariate analyses, and were published between January 2007 and November 2012. Our results show a variety of factors as being associated with vaccine hesitancy but they do not allow for a complete classification and confirmation of their independent and relative strength of influence. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy are complex and context-specific - varying across time, place and vaccines.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Vacinação/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Tomada de Decisões , Humanos , Lactente , Vacinas
15.
Lancet Infect Dis ; 13(7): 606-13, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23676442

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The intensity, spread, and effects of public opinion about vaccines are growing as new modes of communication speed up information sharing, contributing to vaccine hesitancy, refusals, and disease outbreaks. We aimed to develop a new application of existing surveillance systems to detect and characterise early signs of vaccine issues. We also aimed to develop a typology of concerns and a way to assess the priority of each concern. METHODS: Following preliminary research by The Vaccine Confidence Project, media reports (eg, online articles, blogs, government reports) were obtained using the HealthMap automated data collection system, adapted to monitor online reports about vaccines, vaccination programmes, and vaccine-preventable diseases. Any reports that did not meet the inclusion criteria--any reference to a human vaccine or vaccination campaign or programme that was accessible online--were removed from analysis. Reports were manually analysed for content and categorised by concerns, vaccine, disease, location, and source of report, and overall positive or negative sentiment towards vaccines. They were then given a priority level depending on the seriousness of the reported event and time of event occurrence. We used descriptive statistics to analyse the data collected during a period of 1 year, after refinements to the search terms and processes had been made. FINDINGS: We analysed data from 10,380 reports (from 144 countries) obtained between May 1, 2011, and April 30, 2012. 7171 (69%) contained positive or neutral content and 3209 (31%) contained negative content. Of the negative reports, 1977 (24%) were associated with impacts on vaccine programmes and disease outbreaks; 1726 (21%) with beliefs, awareness, and perceptions; 1371 (16%) with vaccine safety; and 1336 (16%) with vaccine delivery programmes. We were able to disaggregate the data by country and vaccine type, and monitor evolution of events over time and location in specific regions where vaccine concerns were high. INTERPRETATION: Real-time monitoring and analysis of vaccine concerns over time and location could help immunisation programmes to tailor more effective and timely strategies to address specific public concerns. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


Assuntos
Métodos Epidemiológicos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Opinião Pública , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinação/psicologia , Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Sistemas Computacionais , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Humanos , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , Vacinas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas/imunologia
16.
J Bacteriol ; 195(13): 3045-53, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23625848

RESUMO

Spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 germinate rapidly when exposed to a number of single-trigger germinant compounds, including glucose, proline, leucine, and certain inorganic salts. However, spores of strain PV361, a plasmidless QM B1551 derivative that lacks the GerU germinant receptor (GR) responsible for mediating germination in response to single-trigger compounds, can germinate efficiently when incubated in nutritionally rich media, presumably via activation of additional germinant receptors. In this work, we have identified five chromosomally encoded GRs and attempted to characterize, by mutational analysis, germinant recognition profiles associated with the respective receptors in strain PV361. Of strains engineered with single GR insertion-deletions, only GerK-null spores displayed significant defective germination phenotypes when incubated in 5% (wt/vol) beef extract or plated on rich solid medium. Cumulative decreases in viability were observed in GerK-null spores that also lacked GerA or GerA2, indicating that these GRs, which exerted little effect on spore germination when disrupted individually, have a degree of functionality. Unexpectedly, an efficient germination response to combinations of germinants was restored in GerA(+) spores, which lack all other functional GRs, providing evidence for negative cooperativity between some GRs within the spore. Tetrazolium-based germinative assays conducted with purified spores indicated that these newly characterized B. megaterium GRs are cognate for a wide and chemically diverse range of germinant molecules, but unlike GerU, can only be induced to trigger germination when stimulated by at least two different germinants.


Assuntos
Bacillus megaterium/metabolismo , Bacillus megaterium/fisiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Esporos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Esporos Bacterianos/fisiologia , Bacillus megaterium/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Esporos Bacterianos/genética
17.
J Sep Sci ; 34(13): 1621-6, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21644252

RESUMO

While it is known that immunoaffinity depletion of abundant proteins in serum removes additional proteins beyond those targeted, there has been little characterization of the co-depleted proteins in the high abundant fraction, which we refer to here as the "depletome". We present evidence of co-depletion of non-targeted proteins in human serum using a top-20 immunodepletion column, as shown by label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS(E)) profiling. This led to identification of 147 proteins which were specific for this fraction and comprised proteins with functions predominantly in binding and transport of nucleotides, metal ions, carbohydrates and lipids. These results suggest that further studies on this commonly ignored serum fraction may provide new insights into clinical proteomics.


Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/química , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Proteômica/métodos , Soro/química , Humanos
18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22255923

RESUMO

The study of stress and fatigue among First Responders is a major step in mitigating this public health problem. Blood pressure, heart rate variability and fatigue related arrhythmia are three of the main "windows" to study stress and fatigue. In this paper we present a wearable medical device, capable of acquiring an electrocardiogram and estimating blood pressure in real time, through a pulse wave transit time approach. The system is based on an existent certified wearable medical device called "Vital Jacket" and is aimed to become a tool to allow cardiologists in studying stress and fatigue among first response professionals.


Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/instrumentação , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Socorristas , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Pressão Sanguínea , Monitores de Pressão Arterial , Vestuário , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Software , Telemetria , Fatores de Tempo , Interface Usuário-Computador , Tecnologia sem Fio
20.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys ; 79(5 Pt 2): 056101, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19518515

RESUMO

In many real-world networks, the rates of node and link addition are time dependent. This observation motivates the definition of accelerating networks. There has been relatively little investigation of accelerating networks and previous efforts at analyzing their degree distributions have employed mean-field techniques. By contrast, we show that it is possible to apply a master-equation approach to such network development. We provide full time-dependent expressions for the evolution of the degree distributions for the canonical situations of random and preferential attachment in networks undergoing constant acceleration. These results are in excellent agreement with results obtained from simulations. We note that a growing nonequilibrium network undergoing constant acceleration with random attachment is equivalent to a classical random graph, bridging the gap between nonequilibrium and classical equilibrium networks.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Modelos Teóricos , Simulação por Computador , Processos Estocásticos , Fatores de Tempo
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