Plant Stress and Allelotoxicity of Soils.

Stress exposures during vegetation are known to reduce the yield in crops, but the intensity and duration of stress is rather difficult to determine from the crop loss. Allelotoxins are released from plants into soil on exposure to stress factors. Soil allelotoxicity after vegetation was assumed to provide a diagnostic parameter that characterizes the total stress effect on crops. To verify the assumption, changes in soil allelotoxicity were studied after vegetation of three winter wheat cultivars fed with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizers. The cultivars Nemchinovskaya 85, Moskovskaya 39, and Lutescens 982/08 were found to differently respond to fertilizing. Nemchinovskaya 85 and Lutescens 982/08 showed lower stress responses at higher doses of nitrogen fertilizers, while their responses were appreciable when soil nitrogen was lacking. In the case of Moskovskaya 39, higher doses of nitrogen fertilizers caused an adverse reaction of increased allelotoxin release. Stepwise nitrogen fertilization was concluded to be necessary for preventing delayed plant development in the case of this cultivar. The results confirmed that soil allelotoxicity measured growing plants can serve as an indicator of stress caused by the growth conditions and use of various agricultural techniques.

Allelotoxicity and Water Stability of Sod-Podzolic Soil after Growing Wheat on It.

It is well-known that soil allelotoxicity and the water stability of soil structure are determined by the entry of plant residues into the soil, but the relationship of these soil properties has not been investigated. Soil samples from the fields of the Federal Research Center "Nemchinovka" after growing 25 cultivars of spring and winter wheat on plots with sod-podzolic soil are selected in this study. The effect of the soil's allelotoxicity of plot samples on the germination of spring wheat seed of the Liza cultivar is studied by the biotesting method. The water stability of the soil structure is determined for the same samples. The existence of a sigmoid dependence between the allelotoxicity of soil samples and their water stability with a correlation greater than 95% is established. The presence of this dependence is apparently related to the increase in the soil's water stability with an increase in the amount of fresh plant residues entering them, which is known from the literature, and the transition of the allelotoxins' effects from stimulation to suppression with a growth in their concentration in soils.

[The Medical Social Efficiency of Joint Confinement of Mother and Child in Place of Imprisonment].

The article, on the basis of the results of study of 2016, analyzes a comparative medical social effect of conjoint and separate residing of mother and child in the Children's Homes of the Penal Enforcement System. The materials of study consisted of original observations while working in the given system, data of reports of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia concerning medical care of women and children in 2011-2015 and data of address requests to the Children's homes under correctional facility in 2013 and 2015. The experience of functioning of the Children's homes of penitentiary system is summarized. The positive effect of conjoint keeping to indices of coverage with breast feeding is established. The coverage of natural and mixed feeding amounted to 65% in Children's Homes, including 83% in Children's Homes with conjoint residing of mother and child in Children's Homes and in other Children's Homes -- 43% (p<0.05). In 2015, a single refusal of child by condemned mother occurred in Children's Homes, while in 2013 there were 4 of such refusals (p<0.05). In Children homes with extended department of conjoint residence primary morbidity of children made up to 1,679‰ and in comparison, group -- 2014‰ that is reliably higher (p<0.05). According data of primary morbidity occurred decreasing of pool of diseases of respiratory organs from 1,002 to 872 per 1,000 children due to brining into operation of dormitory of conjoint residence of mother and child. This occurrence resulted in decreasing per 12% of number of hospitalizations by emergency indications. The conjoint residence of condemned mother and newborn results in harmonious growth, physical, neuropsychic development of child and also in development of motherhood feelings that is an important factor of re-socialization of the condemned woman. It is proposed to introduce normatively obligatory conjoint residence of mother and child in Children's homes of the Penal Enforcement System.

Year class coexistence or competitive exclusion for strict biennials?

We consider a discrete time model of semelparous biennial population dynamics. Interactions between individuals are modelled with the aid of an "environmental" variable I. The impact on and the sensitivity to the environmental condition is age specific. The main result is that competitive exclusion between the year classes is possible as is their coexistence. For moderate values of the basic reproduction ratio R(0) there is a strict dichotomy: depending on the other parameters we either find competitive exclusion or coexistence. We characterize rather precisely the patterns of age specific impact and sensitivity that lead to either of these outcomes.

[The suppression of the chemiluminescence of mammalian cells by the metabolites of Crithidia oncopelti]. / Ugnetenie khemiliuminestsentsii kletok mlekopitaiushchikh metabolitami Crithidia oncopelti.

Effect of water-soluble (polypeptides) fraction (PF) of Crithidia oncopelti on the chemiluminescence of human blood cells and murine splenocytes was studied. The study has shown that PF possessed a capacity to inhibit oxygen-dependent killer system of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in dose-dependent manner. This effect was of a complex nature. The inhibitory effect of PF was demonstrated also in respect to murine mononuclear phagocytes and splenocytes. It was suggested that, in this case, the suppressor effect was related with the influence on membranous cytokines.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora isolated from surgical patients with suppurative processes]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' mikroflory, vydelennoi u khirurgicheskikh bol'nykh s gnoinymi protsessami.

The pathological material from 77 surgical patients with purulent infections was assayed microbiologically and the properties of the pathogens were investigated. Multiple antibiotic resistance of the microflora monocultures and associations was shown. The aminoglycoside antibiotics and first of all gentamicin were the most effective.

[Effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the chemotactic and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats]. / Vliianie nizkochastotnogo ul'trazvuka na khemotakticheskuiu i fagotsitarnuiu aktivnost' peritoneal'nykh makrofagov krys.

The influence of low-frequency ultrasound on the chemotactic, ingestive and digestive activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats was studied. The intraoperative treatment of the peritoneum with ultrasound enhanced chemotactic activity 3.3-fold in comparison with that in the control animals. The digestive function of peritoneal macrophages considerably increased, the stimulation of their ingestive capacity also occurred. The activation of the phagocytic function of macrophages was observed within 7 days after a single sonar treatment. The authors believe that the stimulation of the macrophage system is probably one of the mechanisms of the sanative action of ultrasound which is used at present in purulent surgery.